Leadership and Operation Contents INTRODUCTION 1 LO 1 1 Define and Compare various roles and characteristics of leader and manager

Management and Operation Contents INTRODUCTION 1 LO 1 Process 1 Define and compare various roles and characteristics of leader and manager 1 LO 2 Process 4 examining that role of leaders and functions of managers in different situations of the business4 Applying different leadership theories and models that helps in dealing in different situations7 LO 3 Process 8 key approaches to operations management and role of leader and manager 8 LO412 Evaluating the factors within the business environment which impact on the operation management and decision making of leaders and managers 12

Management and
Operation

Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
LO 1 ................................................................................................................................................1
Define and compare various roles and characteristics of leader and manager............................1
LO 2.................................................................................................................................................4
examining that role of leaders and functions of managers in different situations of the business
......................................................................................................................................................4
Applying different leadership theories and models that helps in dealing in different situations.7
LO 3.................................................................................................................................................8
key approaches to operations management and role of leader and manager ..............................8
LO4................................................................................................................................................12
Evaluating the factors within the business environment which impact on the operation
management and decision making of leaders and managers.....................................................12
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
Management and operations are the most important part of business; it is concerned with
labour and converting materials into services or goods effectively. Management within
organization operate each of business operations efficiently, and help to managed daily activities
which is quite beneficial for overall business in UK (Heizer and et.al., 2017). Operations
management is operated by manager, they assure that products are delivered on time and raw
materials are successfully turned into finished goods and ready to sell in shops. The present
report discussed about the Zara company management and operations and its leadership
activities. It explains definition of roles of leadership and management, differentiate management
and leadership functions and also define management by objectives process.
This study justifies three management roles theory, leadership characteristics and two
styles of leadership. Moreover, soft leadership skills and hard management skills and three
transformation processes in operations management in context of organization. This report
clarifies quality term means and four costs of quality for managers in achieving objectives of
business and also explain role of manager in Total Quality management approach. Furthermore,
Just in time approach, methods managers adjust for capacity management in operations and also
define waste reduction in operations. At in the last this report justifies some short conclusion
with personal evaluation on role of leaders and manager of company.
LO 1
Define and compare various roles and characteristics of leader and manager
Definition of roles of leadership-
“Activity of leading the organization, ability to managed team or group of people is
called leadership”.
“Leader steps up in times of issues and is capable to act creatively and think in any
difficult organizational situations”.
Leadership is the act of leading staff to achieve organizational goals and accomplish
business objectives.
Leadership is the important function within company that is essential at all levels of
management. In formulation of any policies and plans related with workers, leadership skill help
a lot in business (Nair and Reed‐Tsochas, 2019). Person with good leadership style must work
effectively and gain desired goals and objectives.
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In hard and soft leadership power, soft power resource reflects the inherent personal
qualities of the leader which focuses towards the strong communication of the leader. Soft
leadership qualities are the reason behind the emotional inspiration of the team members.
However, hard leadership skills demotivate the team member in which the team leader is
involved in the organizational politics and this skills allow them to manage the rewards and
structure system within the organizations.
Definition of roles of management-
“Management- coordination and company of activities of business in order to gain
defined objectives”.
“Management is art of getting things done with people and through workers in formally
organised team”.
Management is one of the best procedure of maintaining and designing the environment
in which people working together in groups and efficiently complete selected aims. In simple
words it is largely about interpersonal connection between people and manger both outside and
inside the company such as superiors, customers and employees.
Differentiate management and leadership functions
Leadership Management
Leadership is defined as action of leading
team or group of people. Leadership as
fundamental about setting strategies and
establishing direction. Leader should focus
on making the vision and excitement about
that vision encourage staff to follow her/his.
Leadership is all about motivating workers
and communicating with theme effectively
without forcing them to do anything in Zara.
Management is centring on creating order
through procedures. Manager with good
management skills assure that its team
member’s aware of longer term goals and must
focused on improving and developing
consumer satisfaction. On the other hand
management work differently, they managed
overall policy formation and other
departmental related function in company.
Management by objectives process-
Management by objectives is to provide feedback on the outcomes and to determine joint
objectives.
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Figure 1Management by Objectives Process
(Source: Management by Objectives Process, 2016)
There are the five stages has been developed in Management by Objectives by Peter Drunker-
1. Revise or Determine Organizational objectives- Strategic organizational objectives is
starting level of management by objectives. These objectives stem from vision and
mission of the Zara. Company must formulated these, if they do not formulate it they
cannot carry out the next stages which is not appropriate for business.
2. Translating organizational objectives to workers- with the help of translating business
objectives to staff Zara can be able to achieve it and perform better than its competitors in
marketplace (Banda and et.al., 2016). In short, in order to gain profit and achieve
business purposes it is essential that management must translated these things to its
workers at all level which is beneficial for them.
3. Motivate participation of workers in determine of objectives- In company each
workers must participate to determining of personal goals and objectives which is in line
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with organization objectives. With the help of participation of employees in determine of
business purpose or aims, it is easy for them to achieve it. They can be able to fulfil
certain expectations of business which is essential for organization growth and
profitability.
4. Monitoring of growth or progress- Because objectives and goals of business are
SMART, they are measurable. With the help of Management by objective process,
company set up their monitoring of growth process in which monitoring activity is
activated when business objectives is deviated from. Monitoring of success help to detect
large or any issues and help to prevent it before arise conflict in company.
5. Rewards and evaluate achievements- Management by objective is designed to develop
or improve performance at each level within the Zara. Therefore, comprehensive
evaluation program is very essential. As objectives and goals have been SMART
formulated, it makes evaluation of procedure easy. Workers are rewarded and evaluated
their performance for its achievements in context to set business objectives and goals.
LO 2
examining that role of leaders and functions of managers in different situations of the business
Zara is the Fast fashion based retailing company which deals with the variety of
fashioned clothings and accessories. This company was founded in 1975 by Amancio Ortega and
Rosalia Mera. Zara stores were initially developed at Spain which was considered as a low-
priced lookalike products and this industry has expanded its operation in many more countries
such as Porto, Mexico, Belgium, Sweden, Greece and Japan. Zara provides various Men's,
women's and children's clothing products (Ahmad and Ramadan, 2018). This company takes
almost four to five weeks to design a new product and produce the finished product at store. Zara
brings the changes within the products according to the fashion demands and needs of the
customers. It has its stores in almost 96 countries all over the world.
Background of management Team within ZARA
The management team can be considered as a group of individuals that operates at the
higher level of organization in order to acrry out day to day responsibilities for managing
business activities. Its managing team includes Board of Directors, Audit and Control
Committee, Ethics committee, Nomination and Remuneration committee etc.
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Background of the management team mainly access the competencies of senior
management and followed by the shareholders of the company. This company mainly manages
its management hierarchy in which CEO and chairman of the company comes at the top of the
hierarchy. The roles and duties of the CEO and chairman of the company is to formulate the
strategies and policies for the company. Further the decision making and control goes to the
Board of directors who are aimed at setting the future goals. The roles and responsibilities of
Board of Director includes the decision making and management power who are responsible for
the growth of the company.
Mintzberg's management roles covers ten roles and responsibilities of the manager. These
are categorised into three different roles such as Interpersonal, informational and decisional.
According to the theory, all the managers need to possess these three roles which helps them to
become the successful manager.
This company has various different types of departments to carry out the effective and
efficient operations of the company. This company have divided the staff in different
departments according to the skills and knowledge of the individual. Such departments or teams
of the organization are Sales, marketing, operations, Human Resource, Accounts and IT,
Research and development department. These team members of the different departments
performs different roles and responsibilities which are described below:
Sales and Marketing Department
The team members within sales and marketing are responsible for balancing the demand
and supply of the Zara Products according to the present marketing trend. However, marketing
department mainly helps in analysing the demands and trends of the people. Although, sales
department is aimed at meeting those demands and increasing the sales of the company in order
to achieve maximum profits. In this department Leader act as a motivator and the best adviser
who is aimed at increased Productivity and performance of the individuals within the team.
Although, The functions of the sales and marketing manager is to achieve the main objectives
through the effective planning. The manager is also aimed at setting the marketing goals and
analysing the past performance and according to those results projecting the future performance
to ensure the coordination between the operations and sales of the product.
Operations
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It is one of the main function of the organization which is concerned with the
transformation of the Raw material into the finished products into the Zara organization. This
department is responsible for the production and manufacturing of the Zara goods and services.
In this Department The role of the leaders is to enhance the efficiency and effective operations
which allows the leader to effectively communicate with the team members (Danese, Molinaro
and Romano, 2018). Also the Team leader is responsible for the building the inter relationship
with the team members in order to coordinate the tasks and operations with each other.
Although, the function of the manager is to create the strategies in order to improve the
operation and productivity of the operation team. Also one of the main function of the operation
manger is to fulfil requirements of the operational team by providing the tools and equipments.
Human Resource
This function of the organization is responsible for managing the human resource of the
company and bringing the best talent within the firm in order to carry out the effective operations
of the Zara. This department is also responsible for creating the positive environment at
workplace by fulfilling the employee needs along with their monitory benefits, salary
management and training and development of the individual employees. The role of the leader
in this department is to successful management of the employees and also hiring and training of
the existing staff in order to improve their skills and knowledge regarding the main operations of
the Zara. The Functions of the HR manager is mainly aimed at coordinating the human
resource of the company with the different materialistic resources in order to meet the main
objectives of the Zara.
IT Department
IT department within the Zara organization is responsible for managing the technological
improvement within the firm. This function of the company is mainly aimed at improving the
overall productivity and efficiency of the company (Grindley, 2018). Information technology
department facilitates the systems and machinery which reduces the human efforts. It also
enhances the technology which helps the company to meet the requirements of the people in this
competitive world. Thus, IT department allows the leader to upgrade the technological skills
of the individual team member. Also, Team member, acts as a motivator who encourage the team
members in order to resist such improvements within the company. In this situation function of
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the manager is to incorporate the training and development programs which allow the
employees to work smartly and achieve the main objectives of the firm.
Applying different leadership theories and models that helps in dealing in different situations
Leader is the person who influences and inspires the staff members in order to attain the
main goals of the team which are aimed at accomplishing the overall business goals. On the
other hand the managers are those people manages, controls and plans the overall business by
developing the strategies which supports the main objectives of the Zara organization.
Leadership and management are two vital concepts and keys which derives the growth and
success of the business for the long term. Therefore various models and theories are used within
the firm in order to determine the behaviour of the leaders and managers at the workplace in
order to successfully accomplish the overall business objectives (Kim, 2018). Various leadership
theories and models are explained below:
Situational leadership
This leadership style allows the leaders and managers of the organization to adjust the
styles their style according to the different situations within the business. This leadership theory
suggests that effective leaders are those who have the capabilities to manage and lead the team in
different aspects of the business. Application of this leadership approach within the Zara
company, allow the leaders to get the work done through the staff members in a effective and
efficient way
Strengths: This leadership approach within the Zara helps in inspiring the team members
to act smartly and take the situational decisions which benefits the individual employee as well
as the the whole Zara organization. On the other hand its Weakness are This leadership style
may create the negative impression in the minds of the followers and thus it derives the the
individual behaviour which leads to the ineffective overall performance in order to accomplish
the main objectives of the firm.
System Leadership
This leadership approach enables the leaders to create the conditions where the people at
all the levels can work productively to their potential. This leadership theory uses the sound
principle to determine the human behaviour within the firm (Hamilton and Webster, 2018). This
approach satisfies the needs of the employees within the business and thus encourages the
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employees to improve the overall performance in order to accomplish the main business
objectives.
Strengths: System leadership theory is aimed at providing the positive environment to
the employees at workplace which results in building the effective system. System leadership
approach also derives the productivity behaviour among employees which leads to the more
effective realisation of the Zara company's Main objectives. Whereas its Weakness are that
ineffective leaders may not inspire the individual within the team and they are also responsible
for the mismanagement of the human resource within the company.
Contingency leadership style
This leadership approach enables the leaders and managers to carry out the fair and
effective decisions regarding the welfare of the Zara (Pahi, Shaikh, Abbasi and et.al., 2018). This
theory claims that making the decisions or taking the optimal course of action is mainly
contingent upon the internal as well as external factors of the business. So in many situations of
the Zara organization, leaders and managers need to take the influential decisions in order to lead
the path and achieve the main goals of the firm.
Strengths: contingency leadership theory contributes towards the inspiring and
motivational attitude of the leaders. During this leadership style, leaders are allowed to take the
situational decisions which allows them to build and develop the effective relationship with the
team and also the leader act as a guide which creates the positive environment. However, its
Weakness is that unfair and wrong decision making of the leaders and managers will demotivate
the team member which may results in the lack of retention within the Zara.
LO 3
key approaches to operations management and role of leader and manager
Quality is measured in form of conformance to requirements, business users refer
requirement for sales program, it defined as the best and suitable example of quality (Simpson
and et.al., 2015). In other words quality is degree to which products or services satisfied
company target customers or specific requirements of people.
Cost of quality is price associated with detecting, preventing and remediating goods issues
related to quality. Manager of Zara achieve business goals and objectives by reducing extra
expenses and costs upon operations which is not essential.
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Prevention cost- Through provide training manager prevent to be as failure, in effective and
untrained workers directly impact on company financial budgets, with the help of training
manager make effective team who help to achieve and accomplish task appropriately.
Appraisal cost
with the help of inspections manager reduces extra expenses on any issue and prevents
quality problems before occurring it can save money and time. Appraisal cost involves
destruction of products as part of testing procedure and supervision of testing workers.
Internal failure cost
internal failure cost is occurred when Zara produce defective goods. Manger work
effectively and play their role by monitoring production process which support to improve
quality.
External failure cost
Manager detects defective goods in production procedure which is helpful as prevent
external failure cost. With the help of detected default products manager can be able to increase
profitability of company and secure image in marketplace.
Role of leader and function of manager
Making strategies
Manager in Zara company need to be able to make the best strategy in context of
competitive business situation which help to enhance productivity and increase profitability.
Performance analysis
lack of operational efficiency is the situation which affect on Zara productivity as well as
financial budget. Manager in company analyse workers performance and make plan for
betterment that also improve operational efficiency in organization.
Communication
Leader of Zara firm used these skills as to resolve issues due to communication gap
between high management and employees. They understand staff requirement and transfer to
management, leader communicate with team which help to solve their problems and satisfy
them.
Problem solving
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policy formation is defined as situation in Zara that impact on staff performance and
create issues related to work. Leader with problem solving skills are able to solve their problem
via communicating which help to retain talented people with company for longer.
Three transformation procedures in operations management
Transform raw material into final products
In competitive situation manager role is to provide guidance in production department to
workers to transform raw material into finial or finished goods in Zara on time that help to gain
competitive benefits.
Hire and trained employees
Workforce requirement is one of the most essential situation required based on
performing well in competitive business environment. Manager make plan in context of training
and development session to its staff which help to transform their skills and make it better than
before.
Work force scheduling
To beat its competitors in marketplace manager reschedule workforce which help to grab
the advantages and benefits for Zara Company.
Role of manager plays in Total quality management approach
TQM (Total quality Management) is one of the better approach used by manager of Zara
to make success through continuous improvement and development in company. Manager of
Zara play essential role in TQM, they continuously efforts to improve and upgrade all the system
and processes in firm to assure great quality of goods or services. The role of manager in TQM is
to act as facilitator in company workplace; their responsibility is to assist workers in
implementing Total Quality management.
Just in time approach and waste reduction in operations
Just in time is the inventory plan or strategy where raw or other materials is only received
and ordered as they required in production procedure. With the help of using this method Zara
can be able to reduce costs by saving money on overhead inventory or capital expenses. This
approach or method helps to minimize waste by receiving products only when they are required
in company production procedure.
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Waste reduction in operations is another method, it is the best practise of using energy
to decrease waste generation and less material and preserve natural assets. With the help of waste
reduction procedure Zara save money and increase profitability more than before this is
appropriate for business growth and success in marketplace.
Three methods managers adjust for capacity management in operations
Capacity management is accountable for each and every aspects of operation capacity in
Zara. It is common responsibility for meeting longer term capacity of procedure to demand for
products (Hitt, Carnes and Xu, 2016). There are the three techniques that manager of Zara used
adjust for capacity management in its Operations.
 Document current state- manager of company must make and documented capacity
plan and process that help to improve and adjust capacity management in IT or other
operations. It is the good and appropriate starting point for adjusting capacity
management in business operations such as financial and HR. by having some general
understanding with having plan manager help provide focus on improvement actions.
 Review current metrics- it is the set of documentation procedure, manager collect
metrics that is used to evaluate level of production capacity accessible in company, after
that it is easy to improve production capacity than before. It is one of the best methods
which manager can used to adjust and improve manufacture department capacity and
abilities.
 Watch out for trending requests, incident and problems- Manager must review and
watch out the previous incident in financial and production operations which is essential
for making improvement plan. They document number of requests that business has
made to change capacity which is helpful and beneficial for adjusting capacity
management in any operations of company.
Role of manager and leader is quite different from each other based on their work, but similarity
shows in its objectives. They both work for increasing profitability and enhance workers
performance in Zara. leaders support company as managing work of group of people which is
effective and useful think on the other hand manager implement plans and strategies to satisfy
their team members and make them comfortable at workplace.
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LO4
Evaluating the factors within the business environment which impact on the operation
management and decision making of leaders and managers
Business environment can be considered as all those factors which influence the main
objectives and sustainability of the Zara company. Business environment is defined as the
comprehensive unit which consists of various components which directly or indirectly help the
company in accomplishing the business goals along with the growth and sustainable
development (Pinkse and Gasbarro, 2019). Business environment consists of various internal as
well as external factors which are described below:
Customers and Suppliers
This is the external business environment factors which impacts on the sales and
profitability of the firm. Customers are the most important people as the customers can quickly
switch their choices if their needs and demands are not fulfilled by the Zara Products. So their
choices may impact on the sales of the company. Although, suppliers are those people who
supply the raw material to the company in order to create the finished products so the quality of
the raw material may impact upon the final products which may restrict the Zara company to
produce the quality based productivity in order to hold the loyal customers.
Employees
This is the internal business environment factors as the efforts of the employees
contributes towards the overall production and manufacturing within Zara. So employees are
responsible for the operations within the company which creates the profits within the
organization. So in order to achieve the higher productivity, employees need to be motivated.
Therefore, this influence the decision-making of the leaders and managers in order to fulfil the
demands and needs of the employees (Reynoso and Cabrera, 2019). It may includes the
formation of the policies regarding the employee benefits such as extra monetary benefits,
incentives, rewards and recognitions etc. this directly impacts on the overall business
performance.
Political
It is the external factor which impacts on the costs of the operations within the company
and therefore Managers of the Zara company finds it difficult to achieve higher profitability
margins. Political factors includes the governmental policies and regulations which are
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responsible for the change in the employment law, taxes and duties etc. this impacts on the cost
of the production. This leads to the change in decision making of the leaders as well as managers
as they have to formulate the plans and strategies which allows the leaders to make the decsions
regarding the implementation of such strategies and encourage the team to retain such changes.
The role of the managers is to motivate the employees regarding such measures and provide the
training programs to develop the particular skills.
Social
This is also external business environment factor which is responsible for the change in
the tastes and preferences of the customers which results in the changing trend. So this factor
directly impacts on the sales of the business and also minimises the overall profitability of the
Zara. In this situation, leaders, have to coordinate the efforts of the employees with the changing
market trends (Reynoso and Cabrera, 2019). The function of the manager is to understand such
changes and communicate with the staff to implement and retain such changes in order to
maintain the positive business environment within Zara.
CONCLUSION
From the above study, it can be concluded that Operation management plays the vital role
in the success and failure of the business. This study has developed a complete understanding
about the Roles and responsibilities which leaders and managers play to accomplish the main
objectives of the Zara. Along with this various leadership theories are also been explored in order
to understand the leadership and management style to manage the business operations in
different situations of the business.
Furthermore, the report will also investigate about the key operations of the operation
management which helps in improving the quality of the Products within Zara. Also, it has
explored the importance of the managing the successful operations which impacts on the
decision making of the firm. This study has also provided various business environment factors
that effect the managers and leaders in taking different decisions within the firm.
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