Management and Operations

MANAGEMENT
OPERATIONS

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1) Roles and characteristics of leader and manager in Ford Motors.........................................1
M1) Leader vs manager's functions............................................................................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................3
P2) Importance of leader and manager's role in situational context at Ford-motor....................3
P3) Leadership theories and approaches.....................................................................................4
M2) Critical evaluation on different approaches of leadership and management.......................6
D1) Critical evaluation on leadership theories and approaches..................................................6
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................7
P4) Key approaches of operations management.........................................................................7
P5) Importance of operations management in achieving business objectives............................9
M3) Role of leader and manager to improve efficiencies of operational management............10
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................10
P6) Factors within business environment impacted on operational management and decision
making.......................................................................................................................................10
M4) Importance of analysing environmental factors which impact on business operations of
Ford...........................................................................................................................................10
D2) Critical evaluation on operations' management and factors impact on business
environment ..............................................................................................................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INDEX OF TABLES
Table 1: Leader vs manager.............................................................................................................3

ILLUSTRATION INDEX
Illustration 1: Approaches of management and leadership..............................................................5
Illustration 2: Operation of business................................................................................................8

INTRODUCTION
Management of business operations is essential for improving entity's efficiency and
quality services. It influences productivity, profitability and marketability of company at higher
level. Present report is based on understanding management operations for Ford Motor
company. It is manufacturing company of car and vehicle equipment of UK for providing motor
cars across six continents of the world. In this regard, roles of leader and manager for decision
making and business operations are to be discussed. Moreover, various leadership and
management theories can be identified for their roles and decision making related to business
operations of the company. Along with this, management operations' approaches will be
introduced in this assignment for managing its entire business activities and improving
efficiencies at maximum level. However, factors contributed in analysing business environment
are to be discussed.
TASK 1
P1) Roles and characteristics of leader and manager in Ford Motors
Leader is one individual who accepts challenges and initiates for contribution in
achieving organisation's effectiveness. He/she builds team of workers also encourages them for
better contribution for working together (Heizer, 2016). However, manager is the one who
analyses entire business operations and further prepares plan for managing them as well
improving at maximum level. In this regard, roles and characteristics of leader and manager for
decision making regarding business operations of Ford motors are to be discussed below:
Role of leader:
Leader of Ford motors company plays following roles as:
 Goal setting and preparing strategies for accomplishing tasks effectively.
 Team building and segmenting work among its workers.
 Contribution in achieving Ford motor's effectiveness as well working for increasing its
effectiveness (Haksever and Render, 2013).
 Analysing workers' performance and conducting training programs for enhancing their
working efficiencies.
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Characteristics of leader:
Leader must have following characteristics and skills impacted on entity's growth and team's
performance as:
 Communication skills to discuss goals and strategies of team with its members to
accomplish tasks and project plan.
 Problem solving skills as solving out issues occurred among team members
(Gopalakrishna and et.al., 2013).
 Confidence to deal with initiate and dealing with any issues occurred in team building as
well gaining entity's effectiveness.
Role of manager:
Manager of Ford motors company plays crucial role in decision making regarding
business operations and achieving its effectiveness (Slack, 2015). In this regard, he/she identifies
actual business performance and plans for improving it as well reducing issues occurred during
operations. However, manager's roles are as follows:
 Observing current business performance of Ford motors company.
 Decision making regarding performance management and enhancing entity's efficiency.
 Controlling over excess production and wastages of resources and fund (Smith, Maull
and CL, 2014).
 Coordination with other departments' managers for appropriate decision making and
improving quality services at higher level.
Characteristics of manager:
 Good observations towards business operations impacted on its effectiveness.
 Determination for accomplishing tasks and working on project.
 Knowledge of managerial functions as planning, staffing, directing and controlling.
 Positive attitude for dealing with initiating towards business operations and dealing with
issues occurred in them (Albrecht and Dasigi, 2014).
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M1) Leader vs manager's functions
Both leader and manager work for achieving Ford motors company's effectiveness and
improving its efficiencies (Norman, Gardner and Pierce, 2015). On analysing roles and
functions, some differences are identified can be understood as follows:
Table 1: Leader vs manager
Base Leader Manager
Function Team building, segmenting
work among workers of the
group, conducting training and
development programs for
enhancing their working
efficiencies.
Recognises all business
operations and plans for
improving quality services and
managing performance of
entity and personnel as well.
Responsible for Team work and creating
positive environment of the
organisation
Appropriate decision making
regarding business operations
and maintaining its current
performance
Time periodicity For long time period For short time period
TASK 2
P2) Importance of leader and manager's role in situational context at Ford-motor
Leader and manager play crucial role in effective business operations and increasing its
effectiveness at higher level. In this regard, significance of their roles for growth of Ford motors
company are to be discussed as follows: Identifying actual business performance: Roles of leader and manager are effective for
analysing current business performance of Ford motors company (Bongiorno, Bain and
David, 2014). However, which business aspect is to be improved in respect of
production-distribution of goods, performance management and others.
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 Appropriate decision making: Manager and leader play effective role in decision making
for improving business operations and managing them efficiently (Legood, Thomas and
Sacramento, 2016). In accordance to this, effective planning is created for getting entity's
effectiveness and improving efficiency at maximum level. Creating positive environment of Ford motors: Manager and leader play effective role in
creating positive and peaceful environment of the entity. However, reducing in issues and
conflicts among workers are recognised impacted on coordination from all workers
effectively. Increasing productivity and profitability of Ford motors: Decisions related to analyse
business operations impacted on enhancing productivity and profitability of Ford motors
(Arribere and Gilbert, 2013). Therefore, entity's effectiveness and efficiencies get
improved at higher level influences further operations.
 Reducing issues occurred in organisation: variety of ideas are generated for reducing
issues occurred in Ford motors company. However, managers and leader play effective
role in decreasing problems impacts on further implementations.
Therefore, leader and manager play vital roles in decision making to achieve its effectiveness
and reducing situations occurred during operations (Enoksen and Lynch, 2017). Accordingly,
effective and positive environment of the company is created also linked with further
implementations.
P3) Leadership theories and approaches
Leadership is an approach related with taking initiate, team building and maintaining it
effectively. It emphasis on Ford motors' environment and personnel's performance linked with
further implementations. However, some essential theories of leadership are discussed below: System theory: Under this leadership approach, leader discusses with team members in
context to goals and strategies for accomplishing tasks. It is good for emerging team
members' interest towards working together and support each other (Welford, 2013).
Therefore, effective coordination among them are recognised linked with meeting goals
efficiently.
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 Situational theory: This theory is related with reducing issues occurred within entity
during its operations. In accordance to this, appropriate strategies are prepared for
handling issues and gaining corporation from its members effectively (Bah and Fang,
2015). However, leader prepares strategy for dealing with issues and come out it with
coordination of group's members.
 Cognitive approach: This leadership approach is related with autocratic style of leader in
which he/she prepares plans and instructs team members to follow on. In accordance to
this, tasks are accomplished systematically as an effective discipline is obtained in terms
for meeting goals and all.
Among all the above mentioned leadership approach, leader of Ford motors company behaves
differentially according to tasks and situations occurred (Popescu, 2013). On analysing, it is
recognised that he/she uses system theory of leadership for emerging workers' interest towards
team building and coordination in group efficiently.
Management approaches:
Management is a process of managing business operations and personnel's performance of the
entity. In this regard, several approaches are applied for management such as; administrative,
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Illustration 1: Approaches of
management and leadership
(Source: Management and leadership
approaches, 2016).

behavioural, scientific management approach and so on (Heizer, 2016). However, management
approaches are can be understood as: Behavioural approach: Under this approach, it is analysed that how a manager behaves
during decision making regarding business operations and dealing with problems.
However, manager's behaviour impacted on business performance and improving it
effectively. Administrative approach: This management approach is related with administrating and
managing business operations of Ford motors Ltd (Galindo and Batta, 2013). In
accordance to this, manager finds out different solutions to improve entity's efficiency
and managing entire operations efficiently.
 Decisive approach: Under this management approach, decisions made in context to
business operations and improving its quality services. Moreover, for creating
innovations in business operations also manager takes decisions impacted on further
implementations.
M2) Critical evaluation on different approaches of leadership and management
Various approaches are applied for leadership and management of business operations for
Ford motors company. It influences growth and improving business performance of the entity.
On critical evaluation, it is identified that choosing the appropriate approach according to
occurred situation is difficult for leader and manager of Ford motors. Likewise, inaccurate
observation affects decision making regarding further business operations adversely (Slack,
2015). Similarly, gaining coordination of all team members remain challenging for leader
towards achieving goals and entity's effectiveness. However, occurrence of uncertain issues
affect business operations adversely. Therefore, it is essential to consider all these factors and
preparing planning according to entity's effectiveness and growth for the further years
effectively.
D1) Critical evaluation on leadership theories and approaches
Different theories and approaches of leadership and management are applied which
impacted on entity's effectiveness and implementations (Smith, Maull and CL, 2014). However,
choosing the best approach in the right time according to entity's current business performance
impact on business operations negatively. Besides this, occurrence of uncertain issues in business
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operations of Ford motors affect their management adversely. Therefore, it is needed to select
leadership and management approach impacted on effective business operations.
TASK 3
P4) Key approaches of operations management
Operation management is key approach for managing entire business operations and
improving efficiencies of Ford motors Ltd. For example; business score card approach, six
sigma, management of integrated business and so on. It is effective for managing entire business
operations, improving quality services and efficiency of the organisation at higher level
(Albrecht and Dasigi, 2014). However, key approaches for operation management are to be
discussed as below: Business redesign approach: It is essential for managing all business activities of Ford
motors Ltd and designing structure of its operations. In accordance to this, variety of
ideas are generated for creating appropriate structure and decision making regarding
improvements (Norman, Gardner and Pierce, 2015). However, it is effective for manager
and leader of Ford motors to describe performance of all business operations and decision
making for its implementation appropriately.
 Six sigma: This operation management approach emphasis on improving quality services
of motor cars and vehicle equipment at maximum level. It is effective for increasing
profitability, marketability and competitiveness of Ford motors Ltd on larger scale
(Legood, Thomas and Sacramento, 2016). Including this, innovative technologies are
adopted for enhancing quality services of the entity. However, it is good for increasing
marketability and competitiveness of the organisation at higher level.
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 Management of integrated business operations: Operation management approach is
effective for Ford motors Ltd as managing its all operations effectively (Welford, 2013).
It is suitable for decision making regarding creating balance between production and
distribution system as well demand and supply of goods. Including this, using this
approach, manager prepares strategies for utilizing resources and fund appropriately.
Therefore, operation management is effective for managing all business operations and
improving its quality services at higher level.
However, manager and leader of the company applies above mentioned approaches impact on
management of all business operations and improvement in its efficiency (Popescu, 2013).
Therefore, appropriate decisions are made regarding business operations and creating balances
effectively.
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Illustration 2: Operation of business
(Source: Business operations, 2016).

P5) Importance of operations management in achieving business objectives
It is recognised that operation management is an effective approach for managing
integrated business activities and improving its quality services (Bah and Fang, 2015). In
accordance to this, it is suitable for appropriate decision making in context to business operations
and improving its quality services. However, significance of using this approach for Ford motors
can be identified as: Identifying actual business performance: It is useful to recognise current business
performance of Ford motors Ltd. In this regard, all business operations including
production-distribution system, profitability and market position are identified
(Bongiorno, Bain and David, 2014). Accordingly, all business aspects as positive and
negative are recognised as which operation is required to be improved. Overall, current
business performance is identified influences further operations and appropriate decision
making regarding future planning.
 Generating different ideas for entity's effectiveness: On analysing actual business
performance of Ford motors Ltd, variety of ideas are generated for its further
implementations. In accordance to this, several innovations and technologies to be
adopted for improving services are recognised (Galindo and Batta, 2013). Therefore,
operation management approach is beneficial for leader and manager in context to
generate ideas for managing business operations and improving quality services on larger
scale. Improving business' efficiency: Using operation management approach is essential for
appropriate decision making in relation to future business operations. Including this,
business' efficiency get improved also impacted on its profitability (Enoksen and Lynch,
2017). However, various ideas are crated for appropriate decision making and managing
all operations.
 Creating positive environment of entity and sustaining market position for longer time:
It is recognised that applying operation management approach is appropriate for creating
positive environment of Ford motors Ltd (Popescu, 2013). Including this, it is beneficial
for reducing issues occurred during business operations and conflicts among workers of
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the entity. Therefore, positive and effective atmosphere of the organisation can be created
also related with further business operations and appropriate decision making.
However, leader and manager apply operation management approaches by which appropriate
decisions are made for managing business operations and improving its quality services. In
addition to this, various ideas are generated for creating innovations and improving its business
performance.
M3) Role of leader and manager to improve efficiencies of operational management
It is recognised that leader and manager of Ford motors Ltd analyse current business
operations and plan for improving efficiencies. Including this, various ideas are generated for
implementations and reducing issues occurred during business operations (Haksever and Render,
2013). However, positive and effective environment of the entity by which issues occurred are
reduced effectively. Along with this, operation management is an effective approach for
managing entire business operations and improving quality services of the entity. Therefore,
leader and manager play vital role for appropriate decision making in context to improve its
quality services and efficiencies at higher level.
TASK 4
P6) Factors within business environment impacted on operational management and decision
making
Enclosed in attached ppt.
M4) Importance of analysing environmental factors which impact on business operations of Ford
Enclosed in attached ppt.
D2) Critical evaluation on operations' management and factors impact on business environment
Enclosed in attached ppt.
CONCLUSION
It is concluded that operation management is essential for appropriate decision making
regarding business operations of Ford motors Ltd. In this regard, manager and leader's roles are
identified who made decisions to achieve entity's effectiveness and improving its efficiency.
Along with this, management operations approaches are recognised for integrated management
of all business operations. However, significance of leader and manager's roles are identified
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which impacted on business operations in the future time in terms of appropriate decision
making.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journal
Albrecht, T. and Dasigi, M., 2014. ON‐TIME: A Framework for Integrated Railway Network
Operation Management. Traffic Management. 56(4). pp.167-181.
Arribere, J.A. and Gilbert, W.V., 2013. Roles for transcript leaders in translation and mRNA
decay revealed by transcript leader sequencing. Genome research. 65(6). pp.977-987.
Bah, E.H. and Fang, L., 2015. Impact of the business environment on output and productivity in
Africa. Journal of Development Economics. 7(5). pp.159-171.
Bongiorno, R., Bain, P.G. and David, B., 2014. If you're going to be a leader, at least act like it!
Prejudice towards women who are tentative in leader roles. British Journal of Social
Psychology. 67(2). pp.217-234.
Enoksen, E. and Lynch, P., 2017. Learning leadership: becoming an outdoor leader. Journal of
Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning. 70(5). pp.1-13.
Galindo, G. and Batta, R., 2013. Review of recent developments in OR/MS research in disaster
operations management. European Journal of Operational Research. 56(2). pp.201-211.
Gopalakrishna and et.al., 2013. Planning for Systems Management & Operations as part of
Climate Change Adaptation. 67(4). pp.90-99.
Haksever, C. and Render, B., 2013. Service management: An integrated approach to supply
chain management and operations. FT Press.
Heizer, J., 2016. Operations Management, 11/e. Pearson Education India.
Legood, A., Thomas, G. and Sacramento, C., 2016. Leader trustworthy behavior and
organizational trust: the role of the immediate manager for cultivating trust. Journal of
Applied Social Psychology. 67(12). pp.673-686.
Norman, S.M., Gardner, D.G. and Pierce, J.L., 2015. Leader roles, organization-based self-
esteem, and employee outcomes. Leadership & Organization Development Journal.
656(3). pp.253-270.
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Popescu, G.H., 2013. Macroeconomics, effective leadership, and the global business
environment. Contemporary Readings in Law and Social Justice. 78(2). p.170.
Slack and Johnston, R., 2013. Operations management. Pearson.
Slack, N., 2015. Operations strategy. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Smith, L., Maull, R. and CL Ng, I., 2014. Servitization and operations management: a service
dominant-logic approach. International Journal of Operations & Production
Management. 34(2). pp.242-269.
Welford, R., 2013. Hijacking environmentalism: Corporate responses to sustainable
development. Routledge.
Online
Business operations. 2016. [Online]. Available through:
<http://www.allsyllabus.com/aj/note/Computer_Science/Operations%20Management/
Lecture%20Notes%20of%20Unit%20-1/Operations%20Management%20and
%20Decision%20Making.php>.
Management and leadership approaches. 2016. [Online]. Available through:
<http://slideplayer.com/slide/4595943/>.
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