Roles and Characteristics of Leaders and Managers in Operations Management

This document discusses the roles and characteristics of leaders and managers in operations management, focusing on TESCO. It explores the functions of leaders and managers in every situation, models and theories of leadership, and approaches to operations management. It also highlights the importance of operations management in achieving business goals and objectives.

Management and
Operations

Table of Contents
INTRODUCATION........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
P1 Roles and characteristics of a leaders and managers.........................................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5
P2. Functions of leaders & manager which applies in every situation .................................5
P3 Models and Theories.........................................................................................................7
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................9
P4 Approaches to operations management and role of leaders and managers in the
organization............................................................................................................................9
P5 Importance of operations management in achieving business goals and objectives......11
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................13
P6 The factors affecting business environment and impact on the operations and decision-
making in the organization by leaders and managers..........................................................13
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................14
REFFERENCE .............................................................................................................................16
2

INTRODUCATION
Operation management is designed to manage all managerial factor like
planning, organising, directing and controlling. In a specific time period they they should
produce there products and distribute it with the good quality, goods and services.
Through the operation management an organisation can improve it's productivity. It is
an important process. All the functions of management are controlled by operation
management. It is necessary for the employers as well as organisation also. It is
beneficial for organisations success. Manager of an organisation focused on the quality
of products (Williams, 2015). Leader and manager of the organisation is the main body
of an organisation. according to the customers requirement, good and services should
be improved with the batter quality. The present report is based on Tesco. It is founded
in 1919 and it's headquarter is in London, UK. Tesco is basically a retail company. It is a
multinational company. This report describe some characteristic and those are like
responsibility of a leader and managerial functions in business activities. Along with this
Describe the relationship between leadership and management, theories of leadership,
models of approach including contingency.
TASK 1
P1 Roles and characteristics of a leaders and managers
leaders & managers, they both are important for organisation. They helps
ingrowth and success of an organisation. They also incurage employees and motivate
them to achieve goal of organisation. A leader control a team and a manager control the
whole organisation (XIANG and et. al., 2013) . There work is same but the level of work
load is different. Manager and leader both tack effective decision for organisation
welfare and also solve they problem;em of employees with new ides.
Role of manager in Tesco
 Main role of a manager in there Tesco is evaluate the performance of
employees according to there skills and work.
 Motivate their staff to express there view related with the factor of Tesco. Like
what is good, what is bad, which decision is effective or not. These all things are
part of Tesco success.
3

 Tesco manager launches new policies related to there employees and
organisation. It is the way of motivation of employees.
Characteristic of manager in Tesco
Time management: It is an important characteristics of an effective manager
because it is necessary for a manager to manage time according to the work of
organisation. Time management is necessary for development.
Adaptive nature:Managers of Tesco is very comfortable in every situation. They
adopt new things which is beneficial for their business as well as personality also. They
convert there nature according to situation (Yun and et. al., 2018) .
Role of leader in Tesco
 leader of Tesco give instruction to there groups of employees to complete
there project with quality in a limited timing.
 Leaders of Tesco choose execute strategy for achieving there target.
Where all leaders are following all process, they generate new plan which
is work in effective manner.
 Potential coach are like they improve the performance of a employees for
there career and focuses on their problem. They find a batter solution of
those problems. It create a good impact on the organisations.
 They inspire trust in team because it is necessary for them. they achieve
there target with the good environment. Comfortable environment is
necessary for a team.
Characteristics of leader in Tesco
Honesty and integrity of leader differentiate them from other leaders. Through
there loyalty they motivate there team and give effective result to the organisation. It is
necessary for a leader. Be a in speciation of team than employees surly follow you.
A leader should be confident to there work, to their decision and for team, also.
Through the confident leade4r motivate their team and achieve there target. With a
poistivity they can handle all kind of situation (Zhao and Huchzermeier, 2015) .
Different between managers and leaders:
There are many different between managers and leaders and following different are as.
4

Scope Leader Manager
Risk Leaders of Tesco, take
more risk to try new things.
Managers minimise the risk.
They try to avoid or control
problems rather than try
new things.
Approaches Leaders set the direction to
there team. They plain
everting related to planing,
timing, cost, quality etc.
Managers have the plan
details they are not discuss
this with employees.
Conflict Leaders uses conflict. Managers avoid conflict in
organisation.
Focus leaders focus on team or
employees
Managers focus on
procedure and process.
Aim They want development of
team. It is main aim of a
leader.
Managers aim is end result
of the project.
Leader and managers of Tesco is the min body of the organisation. Ladder
inspire the employees, influence them with work and motivate them, on they other hand
managers are responsible for the stakeholders like customers, supply, society,
employees or many others (Wilke, Majumdar and Ochieng, 2014). They bothy are
important for an organisation because they hold the all organisation and earn business
through them. They apply new strategies for effective result.
5

TASK 2
P2. Functions of leaders & manager which applies in every situation
Tesco is multinational company. Which is founded in 1919. it is a retail company
which provided many services. Main headquarter is in London, UK. It increase its brand
image in market. It also build reputation in market. Tesco provided many new services
and offers to9 attract there customers. The demand of the products in the market is
developed because of its quality. Tesco mainly focusing on the qualitative products
that's by the price of these products are so high. Quality differentiate the product from
other companies (Wiggins, 2014) . Tesco achier there target with new strategies, which
attracts the customers. it is also focusing on the activities of employees and customers
which is necessary for knowing the various. Managers and leaders are of Tesco helps
the employees to archive target by utilization of all resources which is effected for the
organisation. Manager of Tesco manager all factors like planning organisation,
direction, ciontr9ollong and help the department through these activities. Main work of a
leader is give instruction to there employees related to the project and solve all the
quarries of them. Mangers and leaders bot create a healthy working environment which
is necessary for the employees. Working culture of the organisation should be
comfortable. It is responsibility of both to evaluate the performance of employees and
appreciate them fir there work. In context of Tesco there are three examples of critical
situation. And those are as following.
Decision making
It is very important process for an organisation. All kind of success and growth of
organisation is depends on the right decision. A good decision maker is necessary in
an organisation. Take a right decision on right time it is most important for the mangers,
leader as well as organisation also. In Tesco, if there are a minor issue related to
anything than the decision related to that is take on right time. Decision making is a
responsibility of manager. Right decision of the manager also0 impact on the
performance of the employee because they also motivate through all these process.
They also learn time management (Wen-chao, Fan and Wen-wen, 2012). For example
if there is a issue related to project then they discuss this problem with manger and
6

tack a quick decision respecty of that issue. Than do work in a group and provide a
effective result. It is a good example of decision making process.
Conflict
It is a major issue of every organisation. there are some reasons of conflict organisation
and those are like poor management of the organisation, unfair treatment with the
employees, poor communication between employee to employees or employees to
manager and unhealthy work environment. These things effects the performance of
employees, productivity of organisation (Wang, Jie and Abareshi, 2015) . Employees
are not dedicated for there work by these problems. . In Tesco managers and leaders
solve all this situation by the help effective communication with employees. Through
asking the problem, by a good management. These things can help in conflict.
Team building
It is important for the organisation. It is a process where many activities are
includes like motivate employees for work with a team. Through this employees can
improves there relations with their groups, with seniors. Tram work also improve
working style and skills. In Tesco all the employers achieve there target in groups.
Different employees have different strategy and innovative ideas so these things help
them. This is the only way to improve performance of employees. They provides
attractive services in team work. They can improve there skills and achieve target in a
team.
P3 Models and Theories
leadership is essential factor, which attract and motivates people who are
working in company. Responsibilities of leader are like they solve the conflict of
employees, improve performance of the employer, motivate them, provide them a batter
solution of there problems. Effective leadership is depends on confidence ,
communication skills, decision making process, presentation skills, how they motivate
there team. most important thing is influencing skills (Tristancho and Gutiérrez, 2012).
In Tesco leadership skills are depends on many things like style of leadership. Tesco
uses some leadership approaches and those are beneficial for the organisation. Which
improve productivity. Those techniques as following.
Situational theory
7

According to this, a leadership style is describe in this theory which describe that
a leader can change there working style according to the situation. It is very important
for a leader working in flexible;e manner. It is known that every leader have their Owen
working style where they work according top there mood. But it is not workful in every
situation that's by leaders adopt this style. In tesco company, leaders work according to
the situation or demand of the organisation. This worki8ng style helps them to increase
the performance of employees and productivity also (Qin and Nembhard, 2015) .
Through changing culture thyey6 can motivate there team and focused on these things.
Main purposde4 of leaders is increase the growth of organisation. All
the decision of leader according to the condition also motivate employees and they give
there hundred percent for the organisation.
Contingency leadership theory
This theory also known as contingency theory of leadership. This theory
designed in 1964. this is designed for the effective leadership. In this they are focusing
on the personality and skills of a leader. How they adopt things. How they react in
different situations. Because a effective leader is that who change there working style
according to the situation of the organisation. According to this theory these is no leader
who is perfect in leadership style. This theory is people oriented. For influencing the
people with there work is the main objective of this theory. this theory also increase the
productivity and performance of individual (Plesser and et. al., 2014) . Through this they
can change there working culture which is necessary for the employees. contingency
theory helps employees, managers by control they functional of management like
planning, organisation etc. hey also focus also focus on the behaviour of the
employees.
System leadership theory
This leadership style is important from all leadership style. In this they are
focusing on the working style of leaders. Through this style they can develop the
efficiency of the organisation. This is a process through which they provide information
in a effective manner. It is very important for the employees and organisations. With the
help of this leadership style Tesco improve the performance of there employees which
directly effects on the growth of the organisation. This theory is solution of every
8

problem. In Tesco organisation, this theory works like a management tool which help
the leader to know the behaviour of there employees. Leader personally know the
behaviour of individual. This theory also help to build healthy relationship in the
organisations. Through this theory Tesco organisation adopt many things. They change
there working environment. Now they create a healthy environment which help them to
achieve target of the organisation.
After analysing the situation, it is founded that through this leadership theory they solve
conflict problems (Ozguven and Ozbay, 2015). It also increase the employee efficiency .
Leaders of the organisation achievable there goal easy. This also improve the quality of
products. I is beneficial for the growth of organisation.
TASK 3
P4 Approaches to operations management and role of leaders and managers in the organization..
Operational management involves designing and controlling techniques of
business operations and maintaining product and services effectively and efficiently in
the production process. In other words, it is described as function of planning,
organising and supervising the production and manufacturing process, this process
includes conversion of input into the effective output by less cost and maximum output.
Operational management also focuses on maintaining proper balance between cost and
revenue within business organisation. In context of TESCO, operational function deals
in different approaches like total quality management, inventory management , Just In
Time, customer focus, systematic approach, human resource and many more . Some
are explained below:
Total Quality Management (TQM):
TQM is an approach, which focuses on the quality and working of the employees
in all the function and department of the management (Nayak, 2015) . The
management of the TESCO is using this approach in their organization with their
employee ,as this give the best and effective result to them. For providing the better
quality of goods to customers, the manager of TESCO should maintain their
sustainability in market. This is lengthy process which give effective and good result in
operation process. The manager should check the quality of the work and the
9

productivity of each employee in the production and manufacturing process and also
helps leader to influence and encourages the employee to achieve their goals.
Inventory Management:
Inventory management refers management of inventory and stock of business
organization. This is concerned concerned with effective inventory in the right quantity,
when ever needed with effective and less cost. The TESCO is using this technique, for
managing their stock of goods with the help of specialised and skilled person.
Just In Time (JIT):
JIT is a technique which deals in inventory for improving the employee
effectiveness as well as the efficiency and also focuses completing the demand of the
goods and services the TESCO is providing to customer. The manager also managers
the supplies of the product at the acruate time, with effective amount after analysing the
the demand (Muller, CommVault Systems Inc, 2014) . As leader notice the conditions
of all machines and equipments used in manufacturing process.
Customer Focus:
Now a days, all the business organisations are focusing on customer need and
satisfaction regarding their products or services they are providing, as the customers
select product or service by considering price, quality and quantity. Organization is
developing their products according to the needs to the customer.
Effective Human Resource:
Human resource is a essential part of the business organization, which helps in
success of the every company as this helps in hiring the skilled and specialized
candidates for the organization. The most important function of human resource is job
design which helps in process of management of various jobs (Meyer, Neck and
Meeks, 2017) . The human resource management department of TESCO has great
focus on skills of their employees.
For the employee retention, HR of TESCO uses high salary packages, non-cash
incentives, bonus, tanning, stock incentives, vacations, trips, insurances, convenes,
maternity leaves, medical facilities etc.
Systematic Approach:
10

Each and every business need an systematic approach in management which
helps in improving the productivity and products quality and services to achieve desired
goals. The manager of the company should check the management approach, which is
very essential and necessary to check the quality of all the business activities.
P5 Importance of operations management in achieving business goals and objectives.
Operation Management refers to management of all activities in organization, which
includes the production of goods and services for company (Ma and Sun, 2012) . In
other words, this focuses on managing, transferring and converting input ( raw material,
energy, labour, finance, customer requirements, skills,) into output good.
This includes various factors such as inventory, logistic, supply management,
design decision, quality management and many more for smooth functioning. It is
important to an organization manager in many way like for the customer satisfaction,
product quality, increasing in revenue, reduce the waste in operation, decision making,
enhancing the productivity and many more areas of businesses functioning.
Customer Satisfaction:
For any business customer satisfaction is most important key in sale which helps
in retain the customer and also increase the sale of products and services, same the
management of TESCO is doing as it focuses on satisfaction of the customer and
providing the best services to them.
Decision Making:
The operation management also helps the organization in decision making as it
affect the working of each employee performance. As the TESCO want to become more
productive in all over the world (Idris, 2016) . This helps the management at long term
decision known as strategic decision which includes, merger and acquisition and major
technology changes affecting organization directly. Also helps in scheduling the
resources, staff , operational shift, and many more with rules and regulations which
includes tactical decision of organisation planning. This also focuses on the operational
decision of management which is short term includes day to day business activities.
This could be more understood with good example of TESCO, as for increasing
11

the sale in company the management take decision of hiring the specialised and skilled
person in team which will help in increasing the sales and productivity.
To Improve the Productivity:
The operation management do the production of goods and services with high
profitability (Han and et. al., 2017) . Increase in productivity is important for individual
as well as the organisation which helps in providing maximum satisfaction and
motivation for work to both. The TESCO motivate and influence the employees by
giving the good working environment, incentive, bonus and emotional support to work
as it increase and improve employees productivity. The company can adopt TQM (total
quality management) Approach for managing and improving quality and productivity
effectively and efficiently.
Quality Management:
The quality play an important role for business which affect their product and
services and influence the customer to use their goods and services which is durable
and reliable. TESCO heir skilled employee for working as they provide by best result to
the company and the customer and also focuses on providing good quality in their
product and services to increase the customer by full fill the customer needs and also
expanding the market.
Creating the Brand Image:
Operation management helps the organizational in building the brand image and
the reputation company. As TESCO gain the sustainable advantage from the market by
his good image in market (Fredendall and Hill,2016) . The management of company
helps in increasing the efficiency employee which creates the positive environment in
workplace and also provides the training and development programs for employee, as
this results in effective working leads in building the brand image.
Waste Reduce:
The waste reduction plays an important and crucial part in operation
management, this includes the manufacturing process in which the management of the
TESCO use this system effectively for reducing the waste and managing the inventory
cost within the time period. This helps the organization in saving the money by
12

eliminating the unnecessary cost and this improves overall production in operation
activity of organization.
TASK 4
P6 The factors affecting business environment and impact on the operations and decision-
making in the organization by leaders and managers.
The business environment refers to surrounding and conditions where employee are
working and activity is carried on (Glukhov and Balashova, 2015) . Each and every
business activities are always affected and influenced by environment. Business
Environment is a collection of internal and external factor affecting the business.
The internal environment are refers to forces, conditions and surrounding within
the organization boundary and some internal factors are value system, mission and
objective, human resource, corporate cultures, employees, strategies, organizational
structure, company policies, stakeholder goals.
On the other hand external factor are defined as those elements that are present
outside the organization and which is not controlled by the company. There are a range
of elements that can be found and there are political, social economical, technological,
legal, cultural and also competitors, suppliers, customers, regulators, strategic partners.
INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT
Value system:
Value are defined as the principle and the standard of individual. Values are
considered as important factor in decision making in an organization (Fan, Liu and
Zhang, 2015) . The manager and leaders focuses on developing the good culture for
providing the platform each employees to enhance and show their skills and talent in
the organisation.
Corporate cultures:
organisation culture deals with the behaviour of member of the
organization and their values, vision, beliefs, habits. This plays an vital role in shaping
success & it influence and determine the organizational performance (Eraki, 2015) .
TESCO is also following this culture in their organization which helps in taking
13

decisions, where planning and decision are made by the company by viewing the
culture background, so that employee can easily accepts the culture.
Company policies and strategies:
The management of the TESCO should communicate the polices and strategies
of the organization to each and every employees for smooth working and also notify that
companies responsibility in regards to society. Policy can created in the favour of
protection of environment, satisfaction of customer and many more, that employee and
company should consider while taking any decision.
EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT
Competitors:
Competitors are the rivals of the company, as TESCO has many competitors
such as ASDA, Sainsbury's and Morrison's and many more by which affects the policies
of the organisation. For the customer, it is a positive factor as they always have
different options for adopting while comparing the price and the quality. For operations
and decision making competitors play essential role for organization and customer for
buying and selling of good and services.
Suppliers:
Suppliers are those who provides the market to organization for product and
services, and it is essential for the organisation. As TESCO has many suppliers from all
over the world including japan, France, USA, Germany and many other countries
(Ellitan, 2017) . The manager and the leader select supplier very effectively as they are
way and the channel of success of the business. The supplier of TESCO help company
in decision making about the product and services they are providing , they help to
know the market need and demand and trends among the people.
Customers:
The customer is an most important factor which affect the business environment
of the organization, as the company TESCO focuses on the customer who pays the
money for product and services of the organization and leads increase in customer
base and profit as well as wealth maximization of company (Boyd and Dougherty,
2016.). The manager of the TESCO should focus on customer activities and task
14

because customer transaction in business helps the company keeps alive and also
helps the organization in achieving growth as well as success.
CONCLUSION
It can be concluded from the above discussion that the leaders and managers
play a very crucial & important role. As they are very different with each other but both
works with same objective of the organization. This project also considered decision
making process of both managers and leaders in context to TESCO, which focuses on
improvement of production and manufacturing process and working of employee, and
reducing the operation cost of their product and services during the production while
maintaining quality. This report also focuses on different theories and approaches of the
operational management, so as this helps in reducing waste and improving as well as
enhancing working of organization for achieving the objectives of TESCO. It has also
been gone through the with different environment of business factors ( internal and
external ) which can affect the business in decision making of top management which
impact on operations of business organization.
15

REFFERENCE
Books & Journals
16

17

18