Management and Operations: Roles and Characteristics of a Leader and Manager

This report discusses the roles and characteristics of a leader and manager in management and operations. It also explores different theories and models of approach, key approaches to operations management, and the importance of operations management in achieving business objectives. The report is written from the perspective of Burberry, a fashion brand.

Management and Operations

Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
P1 Explain and Compare between roles and characteristic of a leader and manager............3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5
P2 Role of a leader and function of manager in different situation of organisation..............5
P3 Different theories and models of approach.......................................................................6
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................7
P4 Key approaches to operations management and the role of leaders and manager............7
P5 Importance and value of operations management in achieving business..........................9
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................10
P6 Assess the factors of a business environment that impacts on operational management and
decision.................................................................................................................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Management and operations refers to the administration of business practices that
generates more efficiency and flexibility in an organisation for generating more efficiency and
effectiveness in operations and functional activities. The main motive of management and
operations in an organisation is to convert raw-materials and labour into products and services
for generating maximum profit. This report is written from perspective of Burberry which is
performing their operations in fashion industry. Clothing, cosmetics and accessories are offered
by organisation under its brand name (Agarwal and Gupta, 2018). Moreover, report highlights on
roles and characteristic of a leader and manager as well as its implementation among different
situations. Models and approaches including situational leadership, system leadership and
contingency will also include in this report. In the last, key approaches of operations
management and the importance of operations management in achieving business objectives is
also focused in the impending report.
TASK 1
P1 Explain and Compare between roles and characteristic of a leader and manager
Leaders are those individual who are responsible to get the work done from employees or
other engaged workforce through motivating them for performing their role with more
efficiency. The main motive of a leader is to accomplish company objective in minimum time
period by including all workforce towards achievement of organisational goal. Some roles of a
leader in context of Burberry are mentions as below:
 Integrate organisational goal with personal goal of employee- The main role of a
leader is to perform all work by implementing leadership traits that helps to integrate
organisational objective of Burberry with employees personal goals (Barnard, 2017). So
a leader is responsible to generate better coordination between individuals and
organisation by formulating common purpose between both parties.
 To provide guidance- Leader are those individual who provides benefits to all
individuals for accomplishing organisational goals and objectives in a proper manner.
This refers that leader also support to workforce through motivating them that builds an
individual career as a professional individual.

Managers are responsible for designing organisation strategy and managing the work that
leads company efforts towards goals and objectives of business. The main role of a manager in
an organisation is to accomplish organisational goals by planning the work for workforce and
employees that aids individuals to work according to company objective (Burke, 2013). Some
roles of a manager in context of Burberry are mention as follow:
 To generate efficiency- In the present scenario, Burberry is performing their operations
at global level. So it is the responsibility of a manager to maintain and control of
organisational operations and functions in order to complete them with more efficiency.
This also governs better efficiency among organisational products leads to achieve
manage work at global level.
 To set realistic goals-Burberry understand that its employees, resources and all
stakeholders work as an asset that leads all departments to generate more valuable in
organisational operations. In order to manage work properly management consider that
its task must be easy to access and it also ensure that all resources are available to
achieve decided goals.
Figure 1Source(https://www.businessinsider.in/strategy/17-of-the-biggest-differences-between-
managers-and-leaders/articleshow/51331869.cms)
Comparison between leader and manager
Manager Leader
 The managers of an organisation are  Leaders are responsible to persuade

responsible to set company objectives
and goals.
efforts towards achievement of
company goals.
 Manager formulates and communicates
policy among all departments of a
business.
 Whereas, leaders influence policy all
department to work according to
decided policy.
 Manager provides direction to the
individuals for performing their role.
 Leaders provide direction to all
workforce for completion of work
according to market trends.
 Manager of an organisation are focused
to manage resources and things.
 On the other side, leader put their focus
to manage and motivate individuals.
TASK 2
P2 Role of a leader and function of manager in different situation of organisation
According to the present market conditions, almost all organisation and industry is
performing their work at a global level. So it is the responsibility of a manager and leader to
manage and control all organisational work according to international market standards for
obtaining better results that leads organisation to sustain in global market (Chiarini and Vagnoni,
2015). But, functions of manager and role of leader both are different that impacts on
organisational goals and objectives. In the context of Burberry, management is performing their
work in fashion industry. This is a more complex for authorities to manager work properly
because of the dynamic trends and market conditions that exists in environment.
There are various leadership theories that relates with management are implemented from
perspective of leadership skill. The main motive of an effective leader is to develop more
effectiveness among organisation management and its decisions. Similarly, the function of
manager in a global enterprise such as Burberry is to enhance more efficiency among
organisational operations as well as the management theories for combine the efforts of leaders
to cut down the cost of manufacture. There are various operations and functions performed by
management that is leading Burberry to gain top position in market. According to the current
situation and existing conditions of market management of Burberry is more focused for

completion to reduce organisational cost. Some role of leader and function of manager in an
organisation is mention as below:
 Change management- With the globalisation aspect it is identified by management that
an organisation is performing their work at global level must implement new policy and
strategy (Ellitan, 2017). Example- New strategy helps management to work as per
current organisational policy for making first mover advantage in market. In this role of
leader is to motivate organisational workforce for adopt and implement new policy that
helps to work in proper manner. On the other side, function of manager is to design
organisational work with new strategy.
 Recruitment and selection- HR department is responsible for managing and employing
organisational engaged workforce. This refers Burberry required large number of
workforce to manage and control work at a large level. Manager is identifying and
formulating different strategy that is used to complete work according to production. In
simple terms, manager of Burberry is responsible to identify vacant seat for match
individual skill according to vacant seat. Role of leader in recruitment is to make familiar
new employee with existing workforce.
 Performance management- It is an ongoing process that is based as per communication
and exist between an employee as well as supervisor. Moreover, in context of Burberry
performance management is used to monitor and improve organisational policy for
accomplishing goals and objectives in minimum time period (Evangelopoulos and et. al.,
2016). Leaders play an active role in performance management as it overview employee
performance that helps to identify weak area. So leader motivate employees for
improving their work area.
P3 Different theories and models of approach
The performance of British fashion brand Burberry is increasing with rapid speed that also
determine with implement of right business model it is easy for organisation to gain better
position in market. With the changing trend in business environment specifically fashion
industry it is too dynamic due to which action and activities of company is impacted. In order to
control and manage business at organisational role there are numerous theories exists in market.
So Burberry management is positioning various strategy that is leading management to complete

all work and operations in proper manner. Further, some of the specific industry that are
implemented by management are mention as follow:
Situational leadership- The term situational leadership refers to an effective leadership
that is depend on skills and capabilities of employees. There are various leaders required for
influencing the employees to complete all task in an appropriate manner. The management and
operations which are performed by employee’s leads to complete work as per different
situations. Example- Burberry is performing their organisational operations and functions
management recognise that cost of operations is increasing due to change in Burberry (Grahn,
Johansson and McKelvey, 2014). It also defines that leaders is controlling employees or
workforce to manage work in an appropriate manner.
System leadership- this is also applied by management to complete all work and
operations in an appropriate manner. There are various task and operations performed by
management to control all departments and areas. With the perspective of Burberry the leaders
are able in making better areas of employees that also leads to communicate as per situation of
organisation. Moreover, manager is also able to work as per operations that match with current
trend of market. KAIZEN technique implement by management and its employees to work
according to current operations. It also leads employees to work with low cost that enhance
organisational profits for company.
Contingency theory leadership- The contingency theory was formulated by Fred
Edward Fiedler and it highlights on decision making of a leader among dynamic situations.
MBO stand as an abbreviation which means management by objective that is sorting individuals
to manage work as per operational issue (Maurer and London, 2018). According to the current
and future conditions of market MBO is used by management to work as per contingency. With
the analysis of future perspective it is used to make better results. There are various task
performed by management which leads management for completed object to manage value
among operations for prevail better results to make evaluation that focus on current situation.
This is also used by management in making right system. Manager and leader both perform an
important role to make and implement changes that work as per direction it focus to complete
work as per right direction.

TASK 3
P4 Key approaches to operations management and the role of leaders and manager
Operation management play an important role for an organisation that aids management to
administer better activities. This is also used by management in improving better quality of
production that helps management to complete all work in an appropriate manner. The main
motive of an operational management within Burberry leads management to complete all work
in an appropriate manner as per operational value. Leader and manager play an important role in
implementing operation management. This also aids organisation for satisfy customer need and
wants in an effective manner (Narayanaswami, Raghunath and Rosu, 2016). Further, the major
benefit that is gained by management is to sustain market for longer results for making activities
to convert raw-materials into efficient products. Some approaches for operation management are
mention as below:
Six Sigma approach of operation management To identify the problem- Six sigma utilise operation management approach in the
manufacturing industry. Burberry is managing their work in the manufacturing industry
for completion of work in proper manner that leads to achieve better position in market.
The major problem which is identified relates with managing work is to make statement
to refer a new process (Pundi and et. al., 2015). Unskilled employees is the first challenge
that generates problem in performing operations properly and it also reduce operational
productive and efficiency. Measurement of current process- Burberry manage large operations that are related with
clothing, accessories etc. which is leading management to earn more amount of revenue
or profits. Role of the leader in the step of measuring process is to develop some
standards that lead to accomplish better results by monitoring operations regularly.
Moreover, leader also perform an important role by motivating employees according to
organisational goals. To analyse the cause of issue- One of the major cause for employees relates with
organisation relates with managing of work. This refers to make work that relates with
theoretical knowledge it create complexity for work and gaining areas. This refers
management is facing challenge due to change in knowledge and learning (Punyateera

and et. al., 2014). Moreover, it is also analyse by management that cause problems as
individual are not motivated to work in proper manner. Improve the process- With the improvement in organisational process management is
able to gain longer result. Burberry is a manufacturing industry that leads organisation in
managing work. Role of manager in performing work as per analyse of company leads
employees to work in performing task and operations properly. With this it is also
analysed by management to improve work organisational efficiency by providing right
training to employees. Leaders also improve process by recruiting individuals who are
skilled. Control- The method of an organisation through making work and functions that makes
longer result and lead to make specific results which leads to control work process.
Operations department of a business leads for accomplish longer areas that is making as
per results to make better process. This is also used to control better process for
identifying step that is used to work with balance scorecard.
P5 Importance and value of operations management in achieving business
Operation management is an important department or aspect for an organisation that is
leading organisation to improve its all performance and productivity in market. Along with this
operation management relates with various system that is used for implementing essential tactics
in organisation. In context of this some important value for operation management is mention
below:
Evaluate of business operations- This is important for an organisation to minimise the
waste from operations of an organisation. It refers management must complete their work
according to organisational efficiency and effectiveness (Saucedo-Martínez and et. al., 2018).
Operational management of an organisation is responsible for identifying needs of a business.
This result it is easy for Burberry to work according to customer demand and market trend.
Minimisation of cost- With implement of an effective operation management it is easy for
perform only those functions that are mandatory. This results it also help organisation for saving
cost that is used to perform other business activities that leads to earn profitability by performing
some new operations. Burberry charge premium price for most of its products so through
reducing price for organisation products it is easy for management to earn more amount of
profits by.

Enhance of performance- Management of operation division is focused to inspire all
workforce and manager of organisation that leads to accomplish company objectives in
minimum time period. Burberry evaluates performance of organisation to earn more profits as it
help organisation to enhance market area and number of customer.
Importance of operation management
 Control and distribute system- With the help of operation management organisation
supply good quality of products that satisfies needs and wants of customers in an
effective manner (Seaman and et. al., 2018).
 To convert raw-material into finished products- Operation management perform an
important role because it assist a business to convert raw-material into finished products.
So better results are gained by management through developing an effective final
product.
TASK 4
P6 Assess the factors of a business environment that impacts on operational management and
decision
External environment refers to the factor that is generating better elements and functions in
an organisation which influence business operations of an organisation and also impact on
decision making of leader and manager. Some factors that impact on business are mention as
follow:
Internal factors
Organisation culture- It is an internal element that is directly related with straight
forward of a business organisation leader and manager. Manager as well as other employees of
Burberry focused to implement positive working culture in organisation through treating all
individuals with a fair manner instead of difference in religion, gender and position (Wang, Jie
and Abareshi, 2015). So with positive organisation culture leaders and manager decision are
impacted in positive manner.
Employees support- Staff member work as a backbone and asset for an organisation that
leads management to perform and organise different business activities according to the direction
provided by manager. Sometimes, employees face challenges to manage organisational
operations and functions due to which all activities performed by operation management are

impacted. Moreover, if leader or manager takes unfavourable decision that employees take action
against organisation.
External factor
Customer demand- All organisations whether small or large are performing their
operations for satisfying employee need and wants. Burberry is performing their work in fashion
industry so it is essential for management to acknowledge those actions that satisfies customer
needs and wants in an organised manner. Operations management is impacted due to change in
customer demand as if Burberry not performs their operations according to customer demand
than it is difficult to sale organisational products (Wiggins, 2014).
Competitors- Rival organisation works as an, another factor that motivate an
organisation to implement new policy and plans in order to sustain for longer period in market.
This refers that all organisation are facing intense competition in market so Burberry must
implement and add innovation in their products that leads to obtain better position in market.
Further, the decision of leader and manager are impacted because competitor monitor
organisation decision making on constant basis. On other side, if decision of authorities are not
match with operations management than competitive business are able to take better position in
market.
Qualities- These refers to the conduct or point of view of the individuals through which
buyer see things. The qualities in the workers of Burberry are trustworthiness, moral and so forth
because of which they are giving viable treatment to their colleagues which is upgrading
operation department performance and organisational culture. On the other side, not all workers
have same qualities because of which respective organisation needs to decide the estimations of
their representatives for taking the choice in like manner.
Morals- These are the ethical standards of people or firm through which they figures out
what's up and right. Burberry is managing and performing out its tasks morally by following the
moral work rehearses because of which representatives and different partners are looking into the
firm (XIANG and et. al., 2013). The organization needs to characterize the moral set of accepted
rules to the representatives with the goal that workers can realize what is acceptable and what is
terrible at work environment.

CONCLUSION
With the above information it is concluded that top authorities such as leader and
manager play an important role for the success of an enterprise. Moreover, without support of
leaders as well as manager it is complex for management to accomplish success in the
competitive market. Manger of an organisation offer various advantages to organisation through
formulating effective plans as well as strategies that leads to increase market share. Similarly,
role of a leader is to enhance morale of employees for increasing organisational efficiency. In the
last, internal and external factor that impact on decision making and operations of an enterprise
are also included in this report.
REFERENCES
Books and Journal
Agarwal, U. A. and Gupta, V., 2018. Relationships between job characteristics, work
engagement, conscientiousness and managers’ turnover intentions: A moderated-mediation
analysis. Personnel Review. 47(2). pp.353-377.
Barnard, C. N., 2017. The operation: a human cardiac transplant: an interim report of a
successful operation performed at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town. SAMJ: South
African Medical Journal. 107(12). pp.1271-1274.
Burke, R., 2013. Project management: planning and control techniques. New Jersey, USA.Chen,
X and et. al., 2010. DECOR: DEClarative network management and OpeRation. ACM
SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review. 40(1). pp.61-66.
Chiarini, A. and Vagnoni, E., 2015. World-class manufacturing by Fiat. Comparison with
Toyota production system from a strategic management, management accounting,
operations management and performance measurement dimension. International Journal
of Production Research. 53(2). pp.590-606.

Ellitan, L., 2017. The role of environmental uncertainty, competitive strategy, and operation
strategy to achieve competitive advantage: the case of east java manufacturing SMEs.
EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR). 3(11). pp.8-23.
Evangelopoulos, V. A., and et. al., 2016. Optimal operation of smart distribution networks: A
review of models, methods and future research. Electric Power Systems Research. 140.
pp.95-106.
Grahn, M., Johansson, K. and McKelvey, T., 2014. Model-based diesel Engine Management
System optimization for transient engine operation. Control Engineering Practice. 29.
pp.103-114.
Maurer, T. J. and London, M., 2018. From individual contributor to leader: A role identity shift
framework for leader development within innovative organizations. Journal of
Management. 44(4). pp.1426-1452.
Narayanaswami, C., Raghunath, M. T. and Rosu, M. C., Institute for Information Tech
Advancement and International Business Machines Corp, 2016. Context-aware code
provisioning for mobile devices. U.S. Patent 9,418,367.
Pundi, K. N., and et. al., 2015. 40-year follow-up after the Fontan operation: long-term outcomes
of 1,052 patients. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 66(15). pp.1700-
1710.
Punyateera, J., and et. al., 2014. December. Study of service desk for NEdNet using incident
management (service operation) of ITIL V. 3. In Signal and Information Processing
Association Annual Summit and Conference (APSIPA), 2014 Asia-Pacific (pp. 1-6).
IEEE.
Saucedo-Martínez, J. A. and et.al., 2018. Industry 4.0 framework for management and
operations: a review. Journal of ambient intelligence and humanized computing. 9(3).
pp.789-801.
Seaman, C. and et.al., 2018. COMMON LEADERSHIP CHARACTERISTICS,
PERSONALITY TRAITS, AND BEHAVIORS THAT GENERATIONS X, Y, AND Z
LEADERS FIND EFFECTIVE FOR SHARED LEADERSHIP: A FORMAL,
INFORMAL, AND RATIONAL APPROACH. Journal of International Management
Studies. 18(3).
Wang, M., Jie, F. and Abareshi, A., 2015. The role of innovation capability and operation
capability in logistics performance of transport firms: a conceptual framework. In
AAOM 2015: Innovation for and from Asian Emerging Markets (pp. 39-52). The
Chinese University of Hong Kong.
Wiggins, M. W., 2014. The role of cue utilisation and adaptive interface design in the
management of skilled performance in operations control. Theoretical Issues in
Ergonomics Science, 15(3). pp.283-292.
XIANG and et. al., 2013. Case Analysis of Operation Resource Utilization Efficiency and
Medical Level Improvement through Performance Mangement. Chinese Health
Economics. 3. p.030.