Roles and Characteristics of Managers and Leaders in Operation Management

This project defines and compares role and characteristics of managers and leaders applied in business at different situations of operation management. It provides application of various theories and models of approach including situational, system and contingency leadership.

Management
And
Operations

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................3
TASK 1...............................................................................................................................................3
P1. Define and compare different roles and characteristics of leader and
manager.........................................................................................................................................3
TASK 2...............................................................................................................................................5
P2. Describe the roles of leaders and functions of manager are applied in
business at different situations – 2.......................................................................................5
P3. Application of different theories and models of approach situation..................6
TASK 3...................................................................................................................................................6
P4. Explaining the key approaches of operation management with managers
and leaders role...........................................................................................................................6
P5. Describing the importance and value of operation management in
achieving business objectives................................................................................................7
TASK 4...............................................................................................................................................8
P6. Analysing the factors within business environment that impact operational
management and decisions of managers and leaders..................................................8
CONCLUSION....................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES...................................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Operation management refers as the administration of business to generate efficiency
in performance of organisation to achieve success. It’s main purpose is to convert raw
materials into the finished product with time management which is to be consumed by end-
users (Anjum, Noor and Anisi, 2015). The project is based upon Nestle which is
multinational company supplying its food and drinking product to potential consumers. This
project defines and compares role and characteristics of managers and leaders applied in
business at different situations of operation management. It provides application of various
theories and models of approach including situational, system and contingency leadership.
Additionally, it examines the key approaches, importance and value of management and
operations for managers and leaders in achieving objectives. This project further analyse
factors within business environment that impact operation management and decisions of
managers and leaders to accomplish success.
TASK 1
P1. Define and compare different roles and characteristics of leader and manager
Manager:- This refers as the capability of top-level management to perform their task
with proper direction and control through innovative ideas which leads to achieve
organisational goals and objectives. The roles and characteristics of managers with reference
to Nestle are explained below:-
Roles of Managers:-
 Strategic decision making:- This decision help managers of Nestle to develop their
innovative idea to excel in competitive market for attracting consumers to purchase
more of their product (Caruso, and et.al., 2017). This maximise in revenue, profits and
market share which increase competitive advantage as compared with rivalries.
 Direction:- It is the procedure for managers of Nestle to direct their leaders and
employees for performing specific action with effectiveness to improve quality at
minimum cost.
 Controlling:- The managers of Nestle control performance of workers by restricting
their errors through corrective measures which increase efficiency through time
management.
 Increase motivation:- Nestle managers increase motivation of workforce by proper
training and development for specialisation in performance that reduce time
consumption.
Characteristics of Managers:-
 Self- Confidence:- Managers of Nestle are confident which develop their motivation
and eagerness to direct and control task with accomplishment of individual and
organisational goals.

 Respect for employees:- This characteristics of managers in Nestle focus on
respecting each and every employee as to build relationship by interacting one
another.
Leaders:- This is described as the ability to lead commands and direction of managers
for performing various actions to achieve success by competing with its rivalries (Chagirov
and Korobeynikova, 2017). The roles and characteristics of leaders with reference to Nestle
are mentioned below:-
Roles of Leaders:-
 Team player:- Leaders of Nestle are considered as team player in taking
responsibilities for the actions performed by the whole group to achieve specific goal
through co-operation of individuals.
 Delegator:- The leaders of Nestle delegate their role in designing and representing
actions to their workforce.
Characteristics of Leaders:-
 Integrity:- The main characteristics of leaders in Nestle is to create integration
between employees through developing trust and faith among each other by co-
ordination to perform collectively.
 Communication skills:- Leaders of Nestle focus on their verbal and non-verbal
communicating skills which creates understanding and provide discipline nature in
business.
Comparison between managers and leaders of an organisation
Basis of Difference Managers Leaders
Definition Managers are referred as
top-level management who
perform their task with
proper direction and control
through innovative ideas
which leads to achieve
organisational goals and
objectives.
Leaders are described as the
ability to lead commands
and direction of managers
for performing various
actions to achieve success
by competing with its
rivalries (Dobrzykowski and
et.al., 2014).
Functions The functions of managers
are planning, organising,
staffing, directing and
controlling.
The functions of leaders are
strategist, talent developer,
internal influencer, result
driver, etc.
TASK 2
P2. Describe the roles of leaders and functions of manager are applied in business at different
situations – 2
The functions of managers are applied in business in order to sustain in competitive
market with their direction and control to achieve success. Nestle managers functions various

activities to monitor the performance of employees by rectifying their errors and to minimise
it with corrective measures (Drohomeretski and et.al., 2014). These functions are explained
below as:-
 Planning:- The managers develop an innovative plan to generate competitive
advantage for business to compete with its rivalries. Managers of Nestle focus on their
planning procedure to make product effective with proper quality management and
less time consumption.
 Organising:- Managers organise business with developed plan to strategise it in best
way to meet the requirements of consumers and to satisfy them with best quality
product at minimum cost. The Nestle managers focus on division of work for their
innovative idea to generate competitive strength that leads to achieve organisation
goals and objectives.
 Directing:- The managers direct the leaders and employees by guiding them to
perform their actions in particular scenario that leads to achieve success on particular
duration. Managers of Nestle directs their employees in order to ascertain growth of
business through its internal strength and external opportunities to overcome
weakness and threats.
 Staffing:- Managers focus on staffing of those employees who are capable to perform
their task actively and with specialization that leads to increase efficiency and reduce
mistakes. The Nestle managers are highly capable of hiring the new workers to fill the
vacancy of job which delay in goal achievement. They plan to select those persons
who are best suitable for business and can deal with problems smartly to eliminate
errors by corrective measures.
 Controlling:- The managers plays their most important role in controlling the
performance of workforce by analysing errors which creates delay in achievement of
success that create difficulty in competing with competitors. The Nestle managers are
most capable of controlling and monitoring the actions of employees by determining
the time consumed in each and every activity.
The situation with reference to the case study for managers and leaders of Nestle are as
follows:-
 Improve product quality:- The managers monitors the quality of product by
directing and controlling the actions of employees to attract large number of
consumers (Gianotto, 2014). This procedure take place by product positioning that
maximise revenue and market share to compete with rivalries. Managers of Nestle
focus on quality improvement to enlarge their consumers support and loyalty by
providing them specialised goods and services.
 Least-cost effectiveness:- The managers of organisation targets to minimise the cost
that attracts consumers to purchase more of their product at least cost and
maximisation of satisfaction level. Nestle managers attempts to maintain the cost
effectiveness as to enhance market share with maximisation of profit-margin and
revenue.
P3. Application of different theories and models of approach situation
The application of theory and model of approach for business is to develop strategic
decision making from managers to be followed by leaders that creates an opportunity for
business growth and stability in economy. The managers and leaders of Nestle focus on
adopting various theories to compete with its rivalries are as follows:-

 Situational leadership:- This refers as the ability of leaders to acquire different
leadership styles at varieties of situation to develop team members by motivating
them through training and increasing effectiveness. The role of managers and leaders
targets with the situation of Nestle to improve quality of product as to attract more of
their consumers for maximisation of revenue and profits (Johnson, 2015).
 System leadership:- It is termed as the systematic procedure of performing task to
develop products according to its specified quality which develop the trust and faith
of segmented target market. The role of managers and leaders aims with the case
study of Nestle to maintain each and every action of product development from its
manufacturing till its distribution to consumers. This further analyse the fulfilment for
requirement of its potential consumers to achieve success.
 Contingency theory:- This is an organisational theory which aims to develop
innovative idea and to make strategic decision making for co-operation of employees
to perform task with motivation. The role of managers and leaders focus to develop
new idea which leads to build relation among workers through co-ordination with the
aim to achieve success.
TASK 3
P4. Explaining the key approaches of operation management with managers and leaders role
The key approaches of operation management within business are to be aware of the
products produced in business (Noori, Paetzold and Vilasis-Cardona, 2016). It develops
business internal strategies to compete with their competitors for being stable in global
market. These key approaches are described with reference to the managers of Nestle are as
follows:-
 Total Quality Management:- This refers as the ability to improve quality by
managing its effectiveness that meets the requirements of consumers to achieve
success. The role of managers and leaders in Nestle is to enlarge consumers with their
product quality to increase their performance with rectifying errors through corrective
measures.
 Six sigma:- It is the set of management techniques that improve business process by
detecting and reducing errors which increase time consumption in goal achievement.
The managers and leaders of Nestle is to analyse procedure from manufacturing to
finished product that generates goods with competitive strategy to compete from
rivalries that are MARS, Kraft Foods, Unilever, etc.
 Supply chain management:- This process is utilised by producers in supplying finish
products to target market in satisfying their needs, desire and wants. The role of
managers in Nestle promotes their direct and indirect channel to remove the hindrance
of place for consumers. The role of leaders in Nestle has to manage the distribution by
minimising the cost to improve quality and efficiency.

P5. Describing the importance and value of operation management in achieving business
objectives
The operation management is very essential for an organisation to achieve its goal
and objectives for success. This is the procedure of transforming raw material into finish
goods for fulfilling the requirement of potential consumers for maximisation of revenue and
profits. Its importance are as follows:-
 Improve productivity of employees:- Managers focus on improvement of
productivity from employees by proper direction which reduce time consumption and
improve quality (Pokonieczny and Wyszyński, 2016). The role managers in Nestle
apply supply chain management in organisation for distributing their products to end-
users for maximisation of revenue. The role of leaders in Nestle targets to improve
quality of goods that meets satisfaction level of consumers.
 Able to utilise resources :- Every business targets to utilise scarce resoucers in global
environment which results in effective and efficient achievement of goals. The role of
managers in Nestle focus on utilise of scarce resources to increase strength and
opportunities of business. The role of leaders in Nestle aims to accomplish their
individual target with organisation objectives with co-ordination.
Operation management plays very dominant role in creating business value through
improving core competence from rivalries. Managers and leaders of Nestle develop
business value from the following:-
 Increase goodwill:- The operation management aims to increase goodwill of business
by generating high return for the risk taken. The role of managers in Nestle attempt to
realise the investment effectively that attracts consumers with their qualitative product
at least-cost effectiveness with specialisation. The role of leaders in Nestle has to
perform their actions with time management that avoid the possibility of delay in goal
achievement.
 Improve quality and safety:- This process creates opportunity for business
employees to increase product quality by providing them safety gears such as
insurance, food and cloth, etc. The roles of managers in Nestle have to monitor the
production quality to meet the requirement of consumers. The role of leader in Nestle
is to focus on rectifying the errors in production quality by corrective measures to
achieve success.
TASK 4
P6. Analysing the factors within business environment that impact operational management
and decisions of managers and leaders
The factors in business environment that impact operational management and
decisions of managers and leaders are described on the basis of PESTLE Analysis are as
follows:-

PESTLE Analysis:- This analysis is framework which analyse the changes in macro-
environmental factors that affects growth of business either positively or negatively in its
achievement of success for competing with rivalries. These factors are explained below as:-
 Political factor:- This factor determine the rules and regulations governed by
government which affects the stability of business. It’s determinants are tax policies,
fiscal and monetary policy, trade tariffs, labour and environmental laws, etc. The roles
of managers in Nestle are adversely affected as they have to implement innovative
ideas with change in political leaders (Prathipati, 2017). The leader’s role in Nestle is
to stop existing action and to perform with new actions through innovative labour and
environmental laws.
 Economic factor:- This elements consists of economic growth, interest rates,
disposable income, foreign exchange rates, etc. The roles of managers and leaders in
Nestle are adversely by fluctuating rates through inflation and deflation affects the
business in economic growth and its stability in competing with competitors.
 Social factor:- It includes the determinant such as population growth, demographic
conditions, age and income distribution, health consciousness, etc. The roles of
managers and leaders in Nestle are positively affected as they provide employment
opportunities to society who are literate which increase efficiency.
 Technological factor:- This factor involves new technology, automation, innovating
ideas, etc. The roles of managers and leaders in Nestle are positively affected as the
business by promoting and positioning goods to consumers that maximise revenue
and profits.
 Legal factors:- It consists of legal and lawful obligations, health and safety,
consumer protection rights, product labelling and safety, etc. The roles of managers
and leaders in Nestle are adversely affected by this factor as they have to pay
minimum wages to employees whether they are performing well in their business or
not.
 Environmental factors:- This consists of pollution targets, business stability and
instability, utilisation of scarce resources, etc. The roles of managers and leaders in
Nestle are positively affected by this factor as they concentrate on these
environmental issues by taking corrective measures which increase consumer support
and loyalty.
CONCLUSION
From the above discussion it have been concluded that operation management plays
very essential role in achievement of organisation goals and objectives for its success. This
enhance in maximisation of revenue and profitable ratios in order to remain stable from
competing with its rivalries. This project defines and compares various roles of leaders and
functions of managers within business. It applies different theories and models on the basis of
situational, system and contingency leadership. This describes the key approaches of
operation administration through six sigma, time and quality management, etc. Apartly, it
describes the importance and values of company management in achieving its objective to
sustain in global market. This analyse the factors within business environment that impact

operational management and decision of managers and leaders through PESTLE Analysis for
determining competitive advantages.

REFERENCES
Books and journal
Anjum, S. S., Noor, R .M. and Anisi, M. H., 2015, August. Survey on MANET based
communication scenarios for search and rescue operations. In 2015 5th International
Conference on IT Convergence and Security. (ICITCS). (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
Caruso, M., and et.al., 2017, November. Low-cost smart energy managment based on
ATmega 328P-PU microcontroller. In 2017 IEEE 6th International Conference on
Renewable Energy Research and Applications. (ICRERA) (pp. 1204-1209). IEEE.
Chagirov, P. S. and Korobeynikova, E. V., 2017, October. Digital Field as a Field and
Production Managment Tool. In SPE Russian Petroleum Technology Conference. Society of
Petroleum Engineers.
Dobrzykowski, D., and et.al., 2014. A structured analysis of operations and supply chain
management research in healthcare (1982–2011). International Journal of Production
Economics. 147. pp.514-530.
Drohomeretski, E., and et.al., 2014. Lean, Six Sigma and Lean Six Sigma: an analysis based
on operations strategy. International Journal of Production Research. 52(3). pp.804-824.
Gianotto, D., 2014. NS&T Managment Observations-1st Quarter (No. INL/EXT-14-32274).
Idaho National Laboratory (INL).
Johnson, M., 2015. Safely Enabling Low-Altitude Airspace Operations: Unmanned Aerial
System Traffic Management (UTM).
Noori, N. S., Paetzold, K. and Vilasis-Cardona, X., 2016, April. Network based discrete event
analysis for coordination processes in crisis response operations. In 2016 Annual IEEE
Systems Conference. (SysCon) (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
Pokonieczny, K. and Wyszyński, M., 2016. Automation of the terrain assessment
classification due to passability for the needs of crisis managment. International
Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference: SGEM: Surveying Geology & mining Ecology
Management. 3. pp.119-126.
Prathipati, S., 2017. Process alarm management-An investment towards safe and reliable
operations (Master's thesis, University of Stavanger, Norway).