Roles and Characteristics of Leaders and Managers in Operations Management

MANAGEMENT AND
OPERATIONS

Table of Content
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
LO 1.................................................................................................................................................1
P1. Roles and Characteristics of Leaders and Managers.............................................................1
P 2. Role of Leader and Functions of Manager...........................................................................3
P 3. Theories and Models of Leadership Approaches.................................................................4
P 4. Key Approaches To Operation Management for Managers and Leaders ...........................5
P 5. Explain the importance and value of operations management in achieving business
objectives.....................................................................................................................................7
P 6. PESTLE Analysis of Marks and Spencer in UK..................................................................8
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Operations management is a systematic process of managing activities of business
organization in effective manner to utilize in available resources. This process helps to reduce cost
and improve quality of products and services to increase customer satisfaction. Leaders and
managers are responsible to increase efficiency of Operation. Leader is a person who has effective
skills and knowledge to lead employees and managers have the ability of getting the work done
my employees effectively. This report has detailed study of impact of leaders and managers on
operations of Marks and Spencer. Marks and Spencer is a multinational clothing brand which have
its stores all over world. In addition, report provides understanding about roles and approaches of
leadership and management in company and different business environmental factors which helps
to increase productivity of company to achieve competitive advantage and increase profitability.
LO 1
P1. Roles and Characteristics of Leaders and Managers
Leader is an individual or group of individual who has the ability to influence employees to
increase their willingness to achieve objectives of business organization effectively. Leader helps
employees in Marks and Spencer to increase their interpersonal skills by providing them task
which involves moral, ethics and values to develop each employee to become loyal to company.
Manager is a person who is responsible for supervising and controlling activities according
to policies and guidelines of company to maintain efficiency. Marks and Spencer appoints
managers to evaluate performance of employees and supervise them according to their work and
skills.
Leaders Managers
Planning Marks and Spencer analyses the role
of leaders in company as they are
responsible to ensure the efficiency
of employees to achieve objectives
which are formulated by managers.
Managers of Marks and Spencer use
their management functions to develop
new objectives for company which
help to increase productivity of
business.
Organising Leaders are responsible to integrate Managers are responsible to identify

skills of employees with work by
influencing them. They help to
increase performance of employees
by communicating with them.
the effectiveness of leaders and
communicate with them about
performance of employees of
company.
Leaders have focus on employee’s
efficiency and attaining objectives
with lower cost and in less time.
Managers are more focused on all
resources of company which can
provide better growth opportunities in
the future.
Directing Leader of Marks and Spencer have
characteristics to work in effective
teams to provide proper guidance to
all employees and help them to
achieve objectives effectively.
Manager provides policies and
regulations to employees to follow
company's ethics and business culture.
Leaders are having ability to
innovate the ideas which are
provided by managers for
employee’s efficiency.
Managers have the ability to invest
new policies and ideas to expand
companies into new market (Wincott,
2018). Manager of Marks and Spencer
have ability to improve efficiency of
employees by formulating different
strategies.
Leaders have skills and knowledge
to influence employees of company
effectively.
Managers have provided proper
information about factors which can
help leaders to increase motivation of
employees to increase productivity of
Marks and Spencers.
Coordinating Leaders are responsible to
implement change in organization by
influencing employees to accept
Managers have responsibility to
analyse external and internal factors by
various management tools and

change and improve quality of
products and services.
techniques to identify market trends for
change implementation.
Leaders have the skills and
knowledge which is unique from
everyone and helps them to
influence employees to increase their
efficiency. They follow rules and
uses their skills to lead employees to
reduce disputes in Marks and
Spencers.
Managers are made with specific rules
and principles of management which
decrease the differentiation of each
manager, and they have same skills
and knowledge. They make
coordinating environment easy with
effective rules and regulations.
Controlling Leaders have the tendency to take
risks and formulate outcomes on
their will according to available
resources. Leaders have
responsibility to ensure employees
are on right path to achieve
objectives with effective leadership
approaches and styles.
Managers use principle, tools and
techniques of management to reduce
threats and risk from Marks and
Spencers to achieve objectives and
increase profitability. They also have
responsibility performance determining
strategies to maintain efficiency of
workforce of company,
P 2. Role of Leader and Functions of Manager
Managers and Leaders are very essential resource of Marks and Spencer as they help to
improve the efficiency of employees and provide effective skills and knowledge to achieve
objectives. Role of managers and functions of managers are interrelated in Marks and Spencer
which help to improve performance to manage and influence employees effectively. They also
help to evaluate internal and external factors of business environment to facilitate effective
strategies which help Marks and Spencer to compete in clothing retail industry in different market.
Emergencies

Managers of Marks and Spencer have the responsibility to identify and analyse all the
internal and external factors of market to formulate objectives, policies and strategies to increase
market share of company and supervision to employees in accordance with policies and
regulations. Whereas leaders of marks and Spencer are responsible for motivating employees and
focusing on performance to achieve the objectives of company to increase efficiency of Marks and
Spencer. This help to reduce risk at any emergency.
Inventory management
Inventory management is the main aspect in retail industry and managers need to adopt
management information system to obtain accurate information about available stock all over
world. This also helps manager to understand the current stock value to increase purchasing power
and decrease cost and improve profitability (Turban and et.al., 2017). Leaders of Marks and
Spencer have obligations to follow the policies and appoint right person at right job at right time to
increase efficiency of company.
Training and Development
Managers of Marks and Spencer are responsible to provide commands to their subordinates
in order to accomplish the tasks and increase productivity of company. Manager helps to identify
the factors by effective tools and techniques which help to increase efficiency of motivation in
employees. Leaders are responsible to deal with employees by influencing them to increase their
efficiency in form of high performance teams. Managers identify scale of training required by
employees and leader guide them to achieve those skills with effective practices.
Effective Communication
Managers of Marks and Spencer are obligated to evaluate the performance of company as
whole with help of key performance index and benchmark techniques with competitors. This also
helps managers to facilitate healthy work environment and decrease disputes between employees.
Healthy work environment provides leverage to organization culture to reach objectives
effectively. Role of leaders of Marks and Spencer is to provide proper communication channel
between employees and management to solve the issues and motivate them to achieve objectives
effectively.
Management Audit