Case Study on Hypertension

   

Added on  2021-06-16

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Running head: NURSING ASSIGNMENTCase Study on HypertensionName of the StudentName of the UniversityAuthor Note
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1NURSING ASSIGNMENTAnswer 1Hypertension is one of the most prevalent disorders of the circulatory system and is foundto affect close to 6 million individuals residing in Australia, in the year 2014-2015 (HeartFoundation, 2015). Approximately 34% of people, aged greater than 18 years manifestedsymptoms of higher blood pressure. Reports state that almost 31.6% (one-third) of adultAustralians suffered from hypertension in 2011-12 (Australian Health Survey, 2018).Hypertension is seldom accompanied by symptoms, and is generally identifiedthroughscreening. Instances when an affected individual seeks healthcare for unrelated healthabnormalities also result in diagnosis of hypertension. While some with hypertension mightreportheadaches (at theback of the head), other associated symptoms are related tovertigo,lightheadedness, altered vision, tinnitus orfainting episodes (McCollister et al., 2016).The prevalence rates of hypertension have been found to be higher for males in Australia, andaffects more than three million or 35.3% of the male population. However, the prevalence ratesare found to be lower among females, and affects 2.9 million or 32.3% of adult femaleAustralians. Adult Australians living in rural or regional Australia have demonstrated a 27%increased rate of hypertension, upon comparison to their counterparts who live in metropolitancities (38.6% versus 30.5%) (Heart Foundation, 2015).The main causes of hypertension in Australia are given below:Leading a sedentary lifestyle that involves little or no physical activity and exerciseHigh smoking rates
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2NURSING ASSIGNMENTInteraction of genes and environment (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism)- A range ofgenome wide association studies have been conducted that identified the role of 35genetic loci that are found to be associated with blood pressure. Sentinel genetic loci havealso been found related to DNA methylation that occurs at Cpg islands, located nearby(Ehret & Caulfield, 2013).Obesity or overweight that can be contributed to improper eating patterns High age. With an increase in age the arteries get stiffer and narrow down due to build upof plaques. Hypertension, particularly systolic blood pressure is commonly found amongpeople aged 60-79 years of age, and older adults aged 80 years or more. Ethnicity makes certain Australian communities more susceptible to hypertension(Ordinioha, 2013). Indigenous Australians have been reported to show markeddifferences in the prevalence of chronic diseases such as, hypertension. Major risk factorsthat increase the susceptibility of the indigenous people for the condition include poordiet (high salt intake), alchohol consumption, low physical activity and obesity (Esler etal., 2016).Alcohol consumption (Gabb et al., 2016)Family historyOther factors such as, acromegaly, conn’s syndrome, drug abuse. renal artery stenosisalso increase risks of hypertensionAnswer 2Increased blood pressure is considered as an established risk factor that increases thelikelihood of a person of getting affected by cardiovascular abnormalities (Heart Foundation,2016). There are several grades and categories of the blood pressure values that are given below:
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