Project Management Strategies and Techniques

This assignment delves into the world of project management, examining various strategies and techniques employed to achieve successful project completion. It covers topics such as earned value management, Lean principles, sustainability in construction, and the evolution of project management practices. Students are expected to analyze different methodologies, their applications, and contributions to effective project delivery.

Operations And Project
Management

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
P1 Implementing of principles of operations management within company.........................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................7
P2 Continuous improvement plan based on critique and review...........................................7
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................9
P3 Effectiveness of Product Life Cycle application...............................................................9
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................11
P4. Effectiveness of PLC in application of project..............................................................11
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
Operational management is multidisciplinary in nature whose major function is to carry
out the business in proper manner. It mainly concerned with planning, organising and
supervising the production and management (Blomquist and et. al., 2010). Project manager
provides basic facilities to people of company through which they can make necessary
improvements for increasing productivity. These facilities involved raw materials, capital,
human resources and more which are essential for doing operations on regular basis easily.
Managers perform various functions to utilise resources in a profitable manner. This would help
in providing services to customers on time as well as they can retain with firms for long time
also. Along with this, process of managing operations assist companies to gain maximum
benefits. In order to recognise procedure of management and operations in electronic market,
HotPoint Company has taken in this file. It deals in manufacturing sector and sells products like
home appliances such as refrigerators, washing machines, gas and electric cookers etc. In UK
marketplace, this firm has good goodwill. This assignment has discussed about work breakdown
structure along with Project Life Cycle.
TASK 1
P1 Implementing of principles of operations management within company
Each firm has various teams of management that governs to perform a specific work.
Management operations are manage enterprise practices by the top level authority, it works in
specific strategy which work properly with labour as well as raw material to give results. It
organise whole procedure for developing finished services and goods by using minimize
resource as well as maximize efforts (Antonio Martins and Ramos Martins, 2012).
They manages controlling and designing process of manufacturing and also do
redesigning of companies activities. It is having responsibilities to make a plan, organize,
supervise and processes, it also contain improvement if needed. It find out changes and prepare
techniques by measuring as well as analysing previews process. Hotpoint company are following
certain principles which are given below which aid to apply management planning to
manufacture goods and services.
Principles of operation management
There are certain principles that aid in applying techniques, which are given below:
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 Reality: Operations management is concentrating on issues instead of strategies. There
is no worldwide solution for a issue.
 Organisation: All procedure is conducted in a systematic manner so that all parts can
work in a parallel way. Manufacturing is an interlinked process (Beringer, Jonas and
Kock, 2013).
 Fundamentals: Proper manufacturing is based on bounding employer and employees.
This adherence is base of manufacturing. Due to that it maintain disciplines,
documents and accurate records. It gives better possibility for surviving, due to having
every information of resources which are used for producing products.
 Accountability: By the accounts manager in HotPoint Company sets obligations,
metrics and rules. As they compare metrics to find out real output against targets. It
evaluate structure along with that take proper actions whenever it is necessary. It
manages firms accounts which assist in predicting future forecasting.
 Variance: It decline cost due to inherent, if in this it estimate low price then it help in
promoting to use enhance as well as options variety. It is managed in a better way
which encourage creativity.
 Causality: Evidence such as expenditure, late quotes, urgent shipments etc. need a
demand attention which is faced by companies mangers. As they fight with these
issues for solving them again. They identify a reason of problems to come out from
issues.
 Managed passion: Workers are main driver of a organisation as in Hotpoint, if
employees are not passionate about their works as well as jobs then firm will decline
downwards.
 Humility: Organisation managers should not see at their demerits, they rarely come to
portion with which they are known. So demerits are ignored as well as get aid to move
and learn.
 Success: It is mostly depends on buyers. Modifications in market is looking at a
existing records which try to build a new area of market. As success meaning has been
revised due to it changes as per choices all time that why success is not at a particular
point.
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 Change: A company should not always be on one hand, it should modified as per
changing rules. It will aid in raising a life of enterprise.
SIX SIGMA
It is a structure which is used for better quality of management operations by removing
defects as well as errors, along with that; it decline cost and saved time as well. It is necessary to
increase- end producing as well as engineering for the aim of quality. Six sigma toolkit is packed
with it, which can solve operations, quality and management issues (Robichaud and
Anantatmula, 2010).
It has main tools such as DMAIC which used by the HotPoint Company to define,
measure, analyse, improve and control. It implies to:
(Source: DMAIC, 2017)
Define: It is refers as per buyers directions or demands which have to finish for a
particular work.
Measure: It measure present procedure, modifications from starting as well as state of
existing, future needs for meeting targets.
Analyse: As it identify basic issues, so that it is known that what changes have to made
for achieving goals.
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Illustration 1: DMAIC, 2017

Improve: What improvements are require to achieve objectives, it observe at each
possibilities which are require to change.
Control: It is taken over to whole process to attain final outcomes. So that each step can
be design or execute with control (Brauers and Zavadskas, 2010).
Lean principle
Hotpoint organisation follows a lean principles that create idea within the organisation. In
this, it contains five keys points named as define value, create flow, map value stream, pursuit
perfection and establish pull. These are explained in detail below:
(Source: Lean Principle, 2018) Define value: This help in finding out consumer and identify that how much price buyers
wants to pay for their services as well as products. This passes by top to bottom target
price which is followed by organisation. It is concentrating on pricing so that it can meet
goals cost by declining price and waste from enterprise process, so that end customer can
achieve less price with higher profits (Fleming and Koppelman, 2016). Map value stream: It find out step for every product life cycle, from giving raw materials
till the end of delivering a finished good to a end customer. They accept all activities
through process such as it is designed, produced, HR, management, consumer services or
delivery. Its name show an ideas which draws process flow, map, that aid to achieved by
analysing unwanted steps which are not relevant.
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Illustration 2: Lean Principle, 2018

 Create flow: It comes after value stream, it makes all process flow smoothly without any
delays, interruption, hurdle, delays. Those steps are found it in existing state which bound
it in systematic so that services and products can pass to buyers. Establish Pull: It follows it in Just-In-Time method as it gives things on consumers
order. It makes so easy to give them goods easily when it is needed. It do not require to
stock materials. It is an expensive which have to be manage, which saves cost for
customers as well as manufacturer (Fernández-Sánchez and Rodríguez-López, 2010).
 Pursue perfection: It state that there is an always reach of modifications. It accent on
regular operations appraisal and follow which is best among all.
TASK 2
P2 Continuous improvement plan based on critique and review
Meaning of Continuous improvement
It is defined as an process for feedbacks as well as understanding defect and its changes
in enterprise structure. Improvement in continuous basis aid in giving higher satisfaction to
buyers as well as their methods. It will assist in giving better planning for higher profits for
firms. It is continuous procedure for good understanding of overlap within company and buyers.
Continuous improvement plan
Provider
Date
Particulars Improvement in
techniques
Anticipated Results Recent performance
level
Promotional events For selling their goods
in market an firm must
make sure that they
are using perfect
promotional activity
for better
Because lack of
promotion activities it
is complex for them to
raise their consumers
reach.
Because lack in
marketing activity
buyers are doubtful in
buying television. As
the product
information is not
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understanding of
goods.
reached with
consumers properly.
After sales services Many of service centre
are opened for higher
reach to buyers. By
giving good
consumers services as
well as feedbacks
reception centre an
firm can perform
better in raising their
value of brand in
various geographical
market.
Persons have various
concept that
companies will not
give response after
selling their goods
(Gunasekaran and
Ngai, 2012).
Consumers are thought
that warranty period
must be raised for
company.
Continuous improvement plan and its effect
From the above discussed factors it seems that planning can be turn out in a proper tool
for the process of Hotpoint company. As per evaluation it seems that firm have to create some
innovative or creative ideas in their goods having better promotion as well as manufacturing of
their goods. By applying those innovative ideas various defect of enterprise can be overcome.
HotPoint Company manager make an effective plan towards the various research methodology
for better product performance within a enterprise activity (Lenfle and Loch, 2010). They can
also plan various promotional activities by selecting various approaches of promotion for their
goods in enterprise market.
HotPoint Company can make sure that they should give better services as well as sales
after delivering of products which will raise their effectiveness within a enterprise market. After
delivery of goods, organisation must conduct various consumer care for solving problems and
fault are raised after delivery of goods.
Proper Strategies for applying of continuous improvement plan
This procedure is managed by HotPoint Company manger which involve feedbacks of
consumers. It will be a advantage for company if they collect feedbacks of consumers along with
that effective analysis is done by qualitative and quantitative analysis. It will help in raising faith
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and loyalty among buyers. It can involved various activities within the company are given
below:
 Good relation between workers and employers: For taking benefits in HotPoint
activities company must keep good relations with both workers and employers. This
will help organisation to understand their buyers base in various geographical areas.
 Effective communication channel: Good interaction between both will make a
positive workplace within the HotPoint Company. It will help in effective development
and growth of firm in enterprise structure (Mir and Pinnington, 2014).
 Priority to workers requirements: Hotpoint manager must be sure that they should
give priority to their workers and provide proper measure for them to raise efficiency
in enterprise. Workers are only source for communicating between consumers as well
as company so providing priority will be useful for company.
 Effective direction and guidance: By giving effective guidelines to workers in orderv
to make them target oriented by raising efficiency of firm in performing enterprise
activities. Guiding workers will help company for achieving fruitful outcomes.
Companies concepts, models and theories
For implementing techniques in HotPoint Company various models are used by manager
which help in improving the overall performance of the company at market place. Their are
various theories such as classical, bureaucratic and scientific theories will help company for
effective functioning of enterprise activities. Along with this, various workers working in
enterprise aid in meeting goals at a given time. Managing of various manager activities.
Observing all these activities will assist in effective analysis of information as well as make
proper planning accordingly (Management Theories & Concepts at the Workplace, 2018).
TASK 3
P3 Effectiveness of Product Life Cycle application
Hotpoint organisation are planning to introduce a new bigger size television up to 58'. For
doing this, they require planning linked to investment as well as launches. Their are various
sources which are available and ways for introducing a new goods within marketplace. They
must select a best process for raised productivity for a long time within a enterprise market. The
department of research and development of company used to step up for making product and
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analysing demand. Market analysing contain expectations, features, cost productivity and
durability. They have to analysed these factors seriously while doing a market research.
Television must be unique in market and have innovative features with additional features it will
help in gaining competitive advantage within a marketplace. Other factors which are important to
analysed within market are goods competitor and its features this will provide them good idea
about techniques in marketing techniques.
Product life cycle is an main process of marketing. As it provides detail information
about process of product development in market (Turner, 2016). Organisation must observe that
they are having linger PLC which means goods are effective within a enterprise market.
Stages of PLC Introducing Stage: In this first stage of PLC, is a phase of introducing a new goods. It is
an important due to because all further stages are depend on this stage. Manager of
company play a very main role while doing a enterprise research as well as future
forecasting as well for achieving a better outcomes in a market. It is important that
Hotpoint manager should analysed a entire market before launching a new product. This
will take 4 to 5 weeks in this phase. Growth Stage: In this phase, product will be stable within market and many of particular
are aware of that goods. In this, firms sales will promote and it will make more revenue
in a better way. It will take 6 to 7 week for becoming stable within a market. Maturity Stage: In this, they develop some features or innovations for making a higher
position within a business market. After that it will start moving in a decline stage
(Pemsel and Wiewiora, 2013). Decline Stage: In this phase, it is a negative stage for a specific goods. They do not
prefer to take good because of no new feature and no innovative within product. This
image is running and endangered in a competitive market.
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It is applicable only while analysing efforts of manager. Their are some necessary roles
of leaders for giving evaluation as well as measures how to improve their position of effective
goods and services in a huge area of market (Subramanian and Ramanathan, 2012). With this,
operational managers should require to provide emphasis on workers actions. The main purpose
of PLC is to give efforts which is necessary for improving product position in a large domain.
Their are different workers which are using various motivational and leadership skills for
meeting goals and targets of HotPoint Company.
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TASK 4
P4. Effectiveness of PLC in application of project
An organisation has faced many issues when it enters into new area of market.
Launching new products is a difficult project for an enterprise as it requires lot of analysis like
searching marketing trends, making project like cycle etc. Along with this, operational manager
need to formulate strategies and scheme which depends on fluctuations of trends in market. In
context with HotPoint Company, it offers electronic home appliances in UK and many countries.
Currently, this firm wants to go in television markets. This product is always in demand, people
always searches innovations in this type of appliance. Therefore, this firm needs to apply
innovations and latest technology in new products. Such type of innovations help in acquiring
customer's mind.
Project management is a process of gathering of interlinked work initiated by a response
of an event that meet a particular outcome for a process of consumers. It is an serious of
decisions and steps involve in a proper work is accomplished. Firstly they gave an inputs while
doing research of their project. Secondly, after doing analysis then by using advance tool and
techniques they manage a whole project and at last finally output comes as a final good and
delivered to customers.
(Source: Concepts of project management, 2018)
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Illustration 1: Concepts of project management, 2018

Along with this, managers of enterprise should provide effective training programs to
employees after implementation of new technologies. These programs help in developing skills
and knowledge of staff members through they can work in a desired manner. Managers of this
company also implement PLC techniques for business planning appropriately. This process
includes four stages i.e. initial, growth, maturity and decline. All these steps help superiors in
how to promote new products by marketing as well as reflects forecast of such commodities at
marketplace (Ramasesh and Browning, 2014). Therefore, using product like cycle a firm will
able to understand what type of marketing techniques they require to use in all stages. Apart
from this, manufacturing and marketing new commodities requires various process which gives
much workload on employers and employees. Thus, superiors of company are required to divide
task into sub-parts and allot work to people by engage them in group. Managers and leaders need
to manage work of team members and provide them clear vision and short-term targets. This
would help in accomplishing various task on time.
Since product life cycle plays an important role in enhancing growth of a company.
Therefore, managers should concern more while planning project as well. They must consider on
new marketing plan and techniques used to advertise products in marketplace. These
consideration help in launching new commodities successfully in areas where many competitors
are present to compete (Söderlund, 2011). In context with HotPoint, managers has carried a lot of
investigation thorough R&D department and marketing team of enterprises. This time company
wants to open new outlets having products like television of big size. Therefore, it has made a
team of marketers and researches whose main work is to track records of competitors in the same
market. By monitoring sales performance of rivals aid managers to formulate effective strategies
better then them. Through which they can accomplish all tasks in a proper manner. Along with
this, project managers should make a list of components like technologies used in such
productions, capital required, human resources, etc. which helps in making proper budget plan.
CONCLUSION
Through the discussion of operation and project management it has concluded that,
managers of a firm are required to proper analyse situation of marketplace before making a plan.
They should determine impact of digitalisation and changes of marketplace on business of a
company. This would help in evaluating what innovations are used to introduce within
productions through a company can gain its objectives and goals on time. In electronic market,
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due to rapid changes in technologies, a company should update its products on regular basis.
These enterprises should bring changes in products through which they can gain sustainability in
a profitable way. Along with this, identifying trends help in turning new ideas into actions.
Beside this, for launching new products demands a company to use PLC techniques which assist
them in making a proper action plan.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Antonio Martins, V. and Ramos Martins, M., 2012. Outsourcing operations in project
management offices: The reality of Brazilian companies. Project management journal.
43(2). pp.68-83.
Beringer, C., Jonas, D. and Kock, A., 2013. Behavior of internal stakeholders in project portfolio
management and its impact on success. International Journal of Project Management.
31(6). pp.830-846.
Blomquist, T. and et. al., 2010. Project‐as‐practice: In search of project management research
that matters. Project Management Journal. 41(1). pp.5-16.
Brauers, W. K. M. and Zavadskas, E. K., 2010. Project management by MULTIMOORA as an
instrument for transition economies. Technological and Economic Development of
Economy. 16(1). pp.5-24.
Fernández-Sánchez, G. and Rodríguez-López, F., 2010. A methodology to identify sustainability
indicators in construction project management—Application to infrastructure projects in
Spain. Ecological Indicators. 10(6). pp.1193-1201.
Fleming, Q. W. and Koppelman, J. M., 2016, December. Earned value project management.
Project Management Institute.
Gunasekaran, A. and Ngai, E. W., 2012. The future of operations management: an outlook and
analysis. International Journal of Production Economics. 135(2). pp.687-701.
Lenfle, S. and Loch, C., 2010. Lost roots: how project management came to emphasize control
over flexibility and novelty. California Management Review. 53(1). pp.32-55.
Mir, F. A. and Pinnington, A. H., 2014. Exploring the value of project management: linking
project management performance and project success. International journal of project
management. 32(2). pp.202-217.
Pemsel, S. and Wiewiora, A., 2013. Project management office a knowledge broker in project-
based organisations. International Journal of Project Management. 31(1). pp.31-42.
Ramasesh, R. V. and Browning, T. R., 2014. A conceptual framework for tackling knowable
unknown unknowns in project management. Journal of Operations Management. 32(4).
pp.190-204.
Robichaud, L. B. and Anantatmula, V. S., 2010. Greening project management practices for
sustainable construction. Journal of Management in Engineering. 27(1). pp.48-57.
Söderlund, J., 2011. Pluralism in project management: navigating the crossroads of
specialization and fragmentation. International Journal of Management Reviews. 13(2).
pp.153-176.
Subramanian, N. and Ramanathan, R., 2012. A review of applications of Analytic Hierarchy
Process in operations management. International Journal of Production Economics.
138(2). pp.215-241.
Turner, R., 2016. Gower handbook of project management. Routledge.
Online
Management Theories & Concepts at the Workplace. 2018. [Online]. Available
through:<http://smallbusiness.chron.com/management-theories-concepts-workplace-
17693.html >.
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