Microgrid Operation and Management

This assignment delves into the intricacies of microgrid operation and management. It examines various aspects, including analyzing different architectures, understanding control mechanisms, and exploring the impact of wind power generation on system operation. The text emphasizes the importance of energy management strategies within microgrids, particularly considering high penetration levels of renewable energy sources like wind and solar. Case studies and practical challenges associated with microgrid implementation are also discussed.

Management and Operations

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1. Defining and comparing different roles and characteristics of leader and manager........1
M1. Difference between role of leader and function of manager...........................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................3
P2. Application of roles of leader and functions of manager in different situations..............3
P3. Application of different theories and models of leadership approach.............................4
M2. Strengths and weaknesses of different approaches.........................................................5
D1. Critical evaluation of different theories and approaches to leadership...........................6
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................6
P4 Key approaches to operations management and role of leader and manager...................6
P5. Importance and value of operations management............................................................8
M3. Improvement in efficiencies of operational management...............................................8
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................9
P6. Factors within Business environment that affect operational management and decision9
M4. Influence of factors upon business environment and wider community......................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Management and operation is fundamental for each and every kind of organisation as it
helps to manager entire activities of firm in a proficient manner. Therefore, coveted targets will
attained within limited period of time (White, 2016). As a result, it will be easy for enterprise to
take benefits from competitors at competitive world. Present assignment is based on Great Court
Restaurant, which is established in UK and providing their products and services at various
places. Leader and manager has to play their role as per situations; thus, they will take an
adequate decision. There are many methods which will be used by superior to evaluate
performance of their staff members. Finally, this project is going to highlight many components
which will affect decision making process of association in a direct or indirect manner.
TASK 1
P1. Defining and comparing different roles and characteristics of leader and manager
Manager of company needs to make control over activities effectually so that, they will
achieve the desired objectives within certain period of time. For the above stated aim, employer
has to develop some policies and strategies which are needed to be followed by staff members.
Rather than this, main purpose of leader is to inspire workers and therefore, they complete their
tasks with maximum effectiveness.
According to Hatziargyriou (2014) it is required for the manager to manage all exercises
of association as this will help to achieve coveted goals effectually.
As indicated by Mohammadi, Soleymani and Mozafari (2014) leader needs to provide
motivation to employees and thus, they will accomplish their work effectually. Along with this,
it is important for them to give directions to workers so that they will be able to accomplish their
work within minimum time duration.
There are certain functions of management which are discussed as beneath: Planning: Employer has to formulate plan effectively which is needed to be followed by
employees and therefore, they will accomplish their tasks appropriately. It will help to
guide people to complete their project systematically. Organising: It is required for the superior to arrange each and every activity in a
systematic manner. Thus, each staff member will know about his/her roles and
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responsibilities which are needed to be fulfilled by them (Mendis, Muttaqi and Perera,
2014). Staffing: Manager has to render work to employees as per their knowledge and
capabilities. It works as a motivation for them and they will be very much able to
accomplish the goals proficiently. Coordinating: Superior needs to keep proper coordination in between each and every
unit. For this, effective communication is mandatory and therefore, people will share
opinions with each other and complete work within certain period of time. Controlling: Employer has to control employees' activities as this will help them to know
about their performance. If there is any deviation between desired and achieved targets
then, superior needs to eliminate it by making proper strategies.
Mintzberg's managerial roles: These are mentioned as below: Interpersonal roles: Leader needs to accomplish their tasks in an appropriate manner.
They have to render inspiration to their subordinates as it helps them to improve their
work execution. As a result, they will able to keep up informational connections. For this,
many methods or techniques will be utilized by them such as email, meetings, etc. Informational role: To know the requirements of people, superiors will conduct research
and thus, they will satisfy their needs within minimum time duration. As a result, they
can easily take benefits from their rivals at marketplace. If organisation is having
information about their users then, they will share the required info with them regularly
which will enhance their goodwill (Zhang and Chen, 2014).
 Decisional role: Enterprise will use innovative methods in their goods and services as
this assists to increase the effectiveness of items as well as services. As a result, firm will
attract people towards them which will help them to enhance their revenues. By making
an effective budget, wastage will get decreased.
Rather than this, many differences amongst manager and leader are stated as below:
Manager Leader
They have to prepare proper strategies and
policies for company which are needed to be
followed by employees.
Leader has to execute plan and implement
strategies which are developed by the
management.
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By determining the training requirements,
employer has to cater it to workers. This will
improve their working performance.
They need to give a proper structure for all
activities and thus, accordingly, actions will be
taken.
Manager needs to appoint individuals
according to their skills and abilities so that
they will attain the coveted targets.
They are considered as a representative of
enterprise.
Characteristics of leader as well as manager are discussed as beneath:
 They need to accomplish tasks positively.
 Both have to be polite with each and every staff member (Binz and et. al., 2014).
 It is important for them to understand issues which being faced by subordinates and thus,
they will resolve it effectually.
Henceforth, it can be concluded that manager and leader; both possess their roles and
duties needed to be performed by them appropriately. By providing motivation to employees,
they will increase their working effectiveness.
M1. Difference between role of leader and function of manager
Role of leader Functions of manager
They need to make an adequate control over
their members.
Their fundamental task is to prepare strategies
as well as policies for firm.
Leader has to provide motivation to their staff
members which will increase their work
performance.
There function is to increase learning
capabilities of employees.
TASK 2
P2. Application of roles of leader and functions of manager in different situations
In each and every kind of company, both leader as well as manager plays a prominent
role. They both need to accomplish their roles and duties and in addition take effective
judgements for the growth of association. Therefore, coveted targets will be achieved by Great
Court Restaurant in a proficient manner (Expósito and et. al., 2016).
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There are certain circumstances in which function of manager as well as role of leader
will be applied:
Delegation of authority: It is required for the manager to participate in each and every
task which is conducted in firm and in addition, concentrate on performance of workers. Along
with, develop some strategies or processes which assist employees in enhancement in working
execution. Therefore, they will fulfil their duties in a proper way. Apart from this, leader needs to
give tasks to members according to their knowledge and capabilities. It is required for them to
delegate some work which will help to improve their learning.
Decision making process: This is the foremost part of company as it aids to provide
success and development to association. Manager as well as leader of Great Court Restaurant
plays an eminent part in the judgement procedure. All activities in business are required to be
arranged as per the decision which is taken by higher authority (Liu and et. al., 2015). Therefore,
it is essential for them to acquire an effective decision which is beneficial for the enterprise and
help them to increase their profits as well as market share. Instead of this, they have to examine
performance of employees and thus, coveted targets will be attained within requisite period of
time.
Employee engagement: Staff members are necessary for each and every sort of company
because they assist organisation to improve revenues and production. It is important for manager
and leader to develop proper coordination amongst all workers and departments. They have to
make the environment friendly and therefore, people will easily share their views and opinions
with each other without any hesitation. It works as a motivation for them and helps to increase
participation of every individual who is working at the workplace.
Training and development: Manager needs to determine the needs and wants of training
session in an organisation. It aids to improve the working performance of employees and will
help in their retention in firm for longer period of time. Leader has to identify the prerequisites of
staff members so that they will fulfil it and provide them motivation for work. As a result, they
will be able to accomplish their tasks in an effective manner.
Hence, it has been evaluated that manager and leader play an eminent role in above
mentioned situation. Thus, they will attain their desired targets and objectives effectually without
any delay (Zhang and et. al., 2014).
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P3. Application of different theories and models of leadership approach
There are many sorts of which can be utilized by company to enhance working
performance of staff members. It is required for superior to apply it into firm properly as this
provides success and development to them. In context of Great Court Restaurant, there are some
theories which is following by their manager:
Situational leadership theory: This is considered as most appropriate method because it
assists to describe many styles of leadership in distinctive circumstances. Nature of this tool is
flexible; therefore, superior will adopt it for any kind of condition. There are many styles are
acquired by employer of Great Court Restaurant which help into their advancement. As indicated
by this hypotheses, in enterprise everything takes place as per situation. It aids to energize people
of association. Apart from this, growth of leader is highly associated with the style which is
followed by them (Ahmadi, Haddad and Mariño, 2014).
Contingency leadership theory: According to this, there is not a single way which help
to take an adequate judgement. Actions which is taken by manager is much associated with
extrinsic and intrinsic surroundings. If leader is contingent then, he will be able to examine every
kind of circumstances. Therefore, he will manage entire operational activities of business
adequately. Hence, it can be understood that, this hypotheses is much helpful for leader to deal
with situation in a proficient manner.
System leadership theory: This technique will be used by company to know about the
appropriateness of business. With assistance of this, manager will easily improve working
performance of staff members and in addition take advantages in external surrounding. It is
required for superior to utilize some principles; therefore, they can easily handle both sorts of
components i.e. external and internal. There are many methods which will apply into all type of
circumstances. Thus, this theory is most effective which can be utilized by company to resolve
all situations.
In Great Court Restaurant, leader is using Democratic style as this assists to improve
involvement of staff members. It works as a motivation for them and in addition they will
become able to fulfil their task within limited period of time (Eghtedarpour and Farjah, 2014).
M2. Strengths and weaknesses of different approaches
It can be discussed as beneath:
Situational leadership:
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Strengths Weaknesses
As nature of leader is very casual which help
them to develop close relations with members.
This hypotheses will not apply not every kind
of association.
System approach:
Strengths Weaknesses
This method will comprise many rules as well
as regulations to deal with situations.
This is much strict method; thus, disliked by
people.
Contingency approach:
Strengths Weaknesses
It is necessary for leader to give work to people
as per their skills; therefore, they will complete
their work within limited time span.
With assistance of this, complex condition
cannot be handled appropriately.
D1. Critical evaluation of different theories and approaches to leadership
As stated by Singh (2014) leadership theories as well methods need to be apply by
manager into business because it assists to sort out every type of conditions. System
methodology is considered as a strict tools as it consists lots of rules and regulations. This is
most disciplinary technique which involves lots of strictness. Along with this, it assists to protect
organisation from any kind of in- disciplinary action. Utilization of situational and contingency
hypothesis depend on circumstance and will easily help to resolve issues.
TASK 3
P4 Key approaches to operations management and role of leader and manager
Superior of Great Court Restaurant needs to provide training and development programs
to their subordinates; therefore, they will use new methods into services (Operations and Project
Management (OPM), 2017). This assists to satisfy clients in an effective manner and in addition
will attract numerous individuals towards them. There are some methods which is utilized by
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manager to manager their operational activities adequately (Li, Li and Feng, 2014). These are
stated as below:
 Six Sigma: Association wants to provide qualitative goods and services to people. With
assistance of this approach employer is trying to cater items to people within minimum
time span. This aids firm to gain trust as well as loyalty of customers and in addition
increase revenues of affiliation.
 Total quality management: Companies who are working in segment of hospitality need
to keep up standard of services and products. This helps to gain attention of many
individuals; therefore, they can easily take benefits from their competitors at competitive
world. As a result, profits and market share will get enhanced. Lean production: With assistance of this, project will design, prepare and in addition
execute. Thus, each and every thing will get managed without wastage of resources. As a
result, staff members will use assets in an appropriate manner (White, 2016). Continuous improvement: There are many strategies and policies will implement by
manager into organisation which assist employees into enhancement of their working
performance. Apart from this, manager of Great Court Restaurant takes feedback from
their visitors. This will aid them to know about their weaknesses; so that, they will
develop some policies to overcome from them. This will help in advancement of
company.
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Illustration 1: Six sigma
(Source: Marion, 2017)

 Just in time: As per this, superior has to provide services and products to people at the
time of their demand. This will assist them to reduce complaints which enable firm to
improve their goodwill at marketplace (Hatziargyriou, 2014).
Role of leaders and managers in operation management:
It is must for both to manage entire activities of company in a proficient manner.
Therefore, they will able to cater goods and services to people at best quality. Manager needs to
formulate policies and strategies for business, whereas, leader implement it into process of
business. Thus, they will increase their revenues and market share. It is needed for superior to
assign work to workers according to their skills and capabilities. As a result, coveted targets and
goals will attain within limited period of time. It is required for employer to use inventive
methods into services and products as this assists them to pull attention of numerous people
(Mohammadi, Soleymani and Mozafari, 2014).
P5. Importance and value of operations management
In every organisation operations management plays an important role. Different activities
are takes place under this type of management like planning, controlling, leading and organising
of operations. This part takes place from changing of raw materials, resources and labour into
fine goods and services in an optimized manner. Managers try to reduce the manufacturing cost
and other resources without putting any impact on productivity this enhances the profitability of
the firm. Operations management is an on-going process until and unless manufacturing of the
products or services gets completed (Mendis, Muttaqi and Perera, 2014).
Great Court Restaurant managers keep their eye on giving best services to its consumers
and try to reach their satisfactory level so that long term relations with customers can be
maintained. Importance of operations management are stated below:
Profit maximisation: Operations management helps to a company in making huge
amount of money in the name of profit. Perfect implementation and management of efficient
workers, resources, raw materials, consumers and suppliers can take organisation to a huge
success.
Optimized way of utilizing resources: At the time of manufacturing managers needs to
be very careful in using the resources which are limited so that environment cannot get affected
without compromising its productivity (Zhang and Chen, 2014).
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M3. Improvement in efficiencies of operational management
For enhancement in efficiency of operational administration there are some actions which
will be taken by superior. They will motivate staff members; therefore, they accomplish coveted
targets within specific time span. By following steps in a systematic manner, manager will
produce qualitative services. Apart from this, by utilizing adequate strategies, employer will
decrease their risk (Binz and et. al., 2014).
TASK 4
P6. Factors within Business environment that affect operational management and decision
Manager needs to take an adequate judgement for company but this will get affected by
external and internal elements either directly or indirectly.
Henceforth, there are some components which will provide impact to decision of Great
Court Restaurant. These are mentioned as beneath:
Internal factors: Shareholders: They are foremost part for each and every kind of company as they cater
fund to firm; therefore, they can expand their business in an effective and efficient
manner. It is required for manager to satisfy stakeholders with their judgements. CSR activities: It is fundamental for an enterprise to fulfil entire exercises which are
associated with corporate social responsibility (Expósito and et. al., 2016). This will aid
them to take benefits from competitors at competitive world. Along with this, firm will
easily acquire trust and loyalty of people.
External factors: Political: Great Court Restaurant is operating their business in many nations; thus, while
taking decision it is must for them to know about political factors of that place as it will
affect judgement making process of enterprise. There are many components which
include into this, such as tax, trade control etc.
 Technological: In modern era, it is required for association to follow new and unique
methods into business as it helps to produce items and services in an effective way. This
will assist firm to take benefits from rivals at competitive world. Like, with assistance of
social media or internet, restaurant will able to know about needs of people.
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Henceforth, it has been comprehended that superior need to consider requisite factors as
it will affect their interest either directly or indirectly (Liu and et. al., 2015).
M4. Influence of factors upon business environment and wider community
Some of elements will provide impact to surrounding of business:
 Products need to be render customers as per their requirements and prerequisites.
 It is must for superior to maintain an adequate relations with clients and employees as
this assists them into their growth and development.
 By providing unique items to people, they will capture attention of numerous individuals
(Zhang and et. al., 2014).
CONCLUSION
From above assignment it has been comprehended that company needs to manage their
operational activities in an adequate manner. This will help them to accomplish work within
limited period of time. Both manager as well as leader has to accomplish their duties and
responsibilities. In this assignment, there is a description of various factors which will will affect
decision making procedure of an enterprise. Apart from this, there are many theories which are
associated with leadership is used by firm.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Ahmadi, M., Haddad, O. B. and Mariño, M. A., 2014. Extraction of flexible multi-objective real-
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Binz, T. and et. al., 2014. TOSCA: Portable automated deployment and management of cloud
applications. In Advanced Web Services. pp. 527-549. Springer New York.
Eghtedarpour, N. and Farjah, E., 2014. Power control and management in a hybrid AC/DC
microgrid. IEEE transactions on smart grid. 5(3). pp.1494-1505.
Expósito, A. G. and et. al., 2016. Electric energy systems: analysis and operation. CRC Press.
Hatziargyriou, N. ed., 2014. Microgrids: architectures and control. Wiley/IEEE Press.
Li, C. B., Li, P. and Feng, X., 2014. Analysis of wind power generation operation management
risk in China. Renewable Energy. 64. pp.266-275.
Liu, B. and et. al., 2015. System operation and energy management of a renewable energy-based
DC micro-grid for high penetration depth application. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.
6(3). pp.1147-1155.
Mendis, N., Muttaqi, K. M. and Perera, S., 2014. Management of battery-supercapacitor hybrid
energy storage and synchronous condenser for isolated operation of PMSG based
variable-speed wind turbine generating systems. IEEE Transactions on smart grid. 5(2).
pp.944-953.
Mohammadi, S., Soleymani, S. and Mozafari, B., 2014. Scenario-based stochastic operation
management of microgrid including wind, photovoltaic, micro-turbine, fuel cell and
energy storage devices. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems. 54.
pp.525-535.
Singh, A., 2014. Irrigation planning and management through optimization modelling. Water
resources management. 28(1). pp.1-14.
White, P., 2016. Public transport: its planning, management and operation. Taylor & Francis.
Zhang, L. and et. al., 2014. Cloud manufacturing: a new manufacturing paradigm. Enterprise
Information Systems. 8(2). pp.167-187.
Zhang, M. and Chen, J., 2014. The energy management and optimized operation of electric
vehicles based on microgrid. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery. 29(3). pp.1427-
1435.
Online
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Marion, G., 2017. Six sigma. [Online]. Available through:
<https://www.thebalance.com/interview-with-a-supply-chain-lean-six-sigma-green-belt-
2221292>.
Operations and Project Management (OPM). 2017. [Online] Available through:
<https://www.beds.ac.uk/research-ref/bmri/centres/bisc/okm>.
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