Human Resource Management and Employee Behaviour

This assignment delves into the relationship between human resource management practices, employee engagement, and behaviour. It proposes a moderated mediation model to analyze how various factors influence these connections. The research draws upon several academic sources, including studies on bullying and harassment in the workplace, animal behaviour, and consumer behaviour.

Organisation And
Behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Compare different organisational structures and culture.................................................1
1.3 Factors which influence individual behaviour at work...................................................2
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................3
2.1 describe leadership styles in different organisations........................................................3
2.2 Explain organisational theories........................................................................................4
2.3 Different approaches to management used by organisation.............................................4
TASK3.............................................................................................................................................5
3.1 Effect of different leadership style on employees motivation..........................................5
3.2 The different motivational theories with in City Group Plc.............................................6
3.3 Measuring the usefulness of a motivation theory.............................................................7
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................8
4.1 Impact of group and group behaviour in organisation ...................................................8
4.2 Factors that prevents effective team work .....................................................................8
4.3 Impact of technology on team functioning.......................................................................9
CONCLUSION......................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
The idea of organisation behaviour is taken up with the behaviour of the people who are
related to the organisation. It is thus useful in knowing the behaviour of the employees in the
organisation. Mankind nature is adjustable but the company has to make emphasis on how well
the nature can be used in managing the different activities. The examination to know how people
are moving with each other in the organisation. This report study is based on City Group Plc
which is private owned college and Enterprise rent- a -car which is biggest buyer of car in the
world or provides car on rent. The study also shows the various organisational composition that
affects the working of individuals.
TASK 1
1.1 Compare different organisational structures and culture
The structure of the organisation is based upon its activities and performance of
employees. It involves authorities, responsibilities and relationship with external market. There
are different ways to manage and coordinate companies towards getting effectual in market. In
City College, evolution of the company can be with the help of organisational structure. It is also
assistive to manage the work flow in organisation and give idea to bring profits
(Wickramasinghe and Perera, 2014). The structure is influenced in City College and the
systematic approach towards organising the different the activities forms culture. The company
follows these organisational structure, that are helpful in order to maintain the overall business.
Such as – Administrative and bureaucratic structure, functional structure and divisional structure.
The other organisation, Enterprise car render, also believes to manages its own
organisational structure and cultures. So that the long term market development and development
of employees. If the decision maker of the company, are not able to adjust with a healthy and
well being organisational cultures, this helps in generating profits for organisations. For that,
company has to follow different organisational structures, such as – matrix structure and product
structure. Matrix structure is also called as horizontal structure based on products and services
(Sandman, and et. al., 2012). It is helpful in the utilization of available resources and supplying
flexibility among project teams. Whereas, product based organisational structure seeks of a wide
range of products and services and maintain their quality.
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Example : These two cited organisations uses matrix and hierarchical organisation structures for
effectively fulfilment of their activities. In matrix structure a model is designed which helps in
assignment and evaluation of different activities.
1.2 Differentiate between organisation’s structure and culture
The term organisational structure seeks to the actual framework of the business in which
employees are perform. To accomplish their goals effectively, every company need to has a
formal structure. An organisational structure is helpful in order to distribute tasks and activities
among different groups and teams (Nafz and et. al., 2011). In city College and enterprise car
rental, the structure is assistive in to bring two people together the same task or project, this
makes easier the process of achieving outputs. Whereas organisational culture reflects on work
ethics, mentality and values of employees of city College and enterprise car rental. City College
prefer to having a cut throat culture in which workers can sharply compete for their bonus and
promotions, along with this enterprise car rental seeks to friendly organisational culture so that
employees can able to work without nay stress.
Organisational structure and culture helps to improves the productivity and performance
of the employees. It provides accurate guidance and and encourages creativity of employees, it
also involves prioritizing work, identify specific measures, and specifying targets. If the structure
of the organisation is totally maintain so that managers are focusing on training and
development of employees. The culture of the City College forces employees to work ethically
and genuinely. It also improves relationship between managers and employees and develop
effective communication (Farndale, Hope-Hailey and Kelliher, 2011).
1.3 Factors which influence individual behaviour at work
There are several types of internal and external factors that affect the
behaviour of individual in workplace. They also impact on their performance
and efficiency of the employees. The factors which affect individual's
behaviour are as follow: - Personal factors – These factors deals with different aspects such as
gender, marital status, religion, age and ability. The large and
differentiated group of employees with same mentality changes their
perception about another employees in the organisation. This results
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in conflicts and wars among employees and they do not find
themselves suitable with the working environment. This in turn hurts
their values and beliefs (Punjaisri and Wilson, 2011). It is ordinary that man
and women are working jointly but research approves that if
managers distinguish between genders, it can be affect their job
execution. Environmental factors – The external environment is consider with
impact on individual's job performance. It involves – economical
factors, socio civilisation factors and political factors. Economic
factors as incidental with wages rates, employment factors and
technological development. Technology also impact on the
performance of the employees because if employees are not work
with updated techniques so that their products cannot compete with
external market. The social environment includes relations with
friends, family members and subordinates and supervisors. The
cultural background of individual also affect on his performance and
productivity.
 Organisational factors – It involves physical facilities, organisational
design and structure, reward system and leadership. Some of physical
facilities such as heat, ventilation, light, noise level etc. impact on
individual's performance. The readiness of the company and its on the
job way also put impact on employees productivity (Suppiah and Singh
Sandhu, 2011) . The system of leadership involves they way by the way
managers give direction to the employees also influence the
performance of an individual.
TASK 2
2.1 describe leadership styles in different organisations
In every business organisations leadership styles refers with working
environment of the company. It is an art to do make something form
someone from someone in an effective manner. Along with this, leadership
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seeks with managing all activities of Enterprise car rental and City college,
so as there is mention below the different styles of leaderships -
 Autocratic leadership style – The manger of city College, prefer to
follow that kind of leadership style. In autocratic leadership style,
managers take decisions without involvement of other staff members
of the industry. This shows segmentation between employees towards
their managers (Alfes and et. al., 2013). An autocratic leader is
comfortable and confident so as long term decisions can be taken in
effective manner and they are helpful at the time of risk and
uncertainty. Transformational leadership style – It relates with diversity in
decision and plans. In city College, managers prefer to implement that
kind of leadership style because there are so many critical situation in
company that forces to changes their plans and policies. Participative leadership style – In that leader are involving in the
every task of the team. In order to measure the execution of each staff
member and deliver them initiate bettering actions (Nafz and et. al.,
2011). In enterprise car rental, it improves the behaviour of the
individual towards their collogues and manager with the help of open
communication.
 Transactional leadership style – In transactional leadership style,
an employer has power so that he can review the all results and
outcomes of its team. This model of leadership works when employees
are not capable to meet enterprise aims and goals.
In Car rental and City College, these leadership styles are helpful in order
to managing all activities and functions so as their managers can easily
achieve growth and success form target market. It shape organisations by
improving their strategics and effectiveness towards goal achievement.
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2.2 Explain organisational theories
Organisational theories relates with the approaches that are helpful in overall analysis of
working environment. It also consist with whole structure and framework of the company in
order to achieve its goals and objectives. The ways in which organisation can easily adapt the
changes. The different methods in which the changes can be easily adopted by the organisation.
The City college and the Enterprise car rental use the following types of the theories that are
helpful in knowing the final results in the organisation.
Classical organisation theory: the core concept of classical organisational theory refers to get
together peoples and machines so as production can be improve (McLusky and Berry 2013) The
theory increases the efficiency and the effectiveness of the organisations so that the best output
can be achieved in the society.
Neo -classical organisation theory: in that kind of concept, managers focus more on
mechanical elements so as organisational operations can be easily completed. Neo-classical
orgnasiation theory can be seen in economic,social and technical terms. It positively impact on
productions and manufacturing process of the company. (Baldassarre Caligiore and Mannella
2013)
Contingency theory – Contingency theory is manageable but view as inescapable. It seeks to
make best organisational structure and framework so as employees can work freely and
effectively. And goals and objectives can be achieve from target market.
All these organisational theories helps in goal setting and integration of systems in Car
rental and City college enterprises. Therefore, it is the process of decision making by that
managers can easily find effective solutions of each and every problems within organisations.
2.3 Different approaches to management used by organisation
Organisational approaches are assistive in order to manage the working activities of
business organisations. It aids in to direct, maintain and control the all functions of the company
to set various standards and values for the company to gain competitive advantage form target
market. There are different approaches ,some of them are as follows that use by City Group Plc-
Decision theory approach – This approach focus on long and short term decisions of the
company and it also shows the willingness of the persons to make the decision. For each activity,
the decisions should be taken in order to run all functions of both enterprises in an effective
manner. Because decisions helps in assessment of roles ,responsibilities or activities that can be
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useful to the organisation and desired goals and results can be accomplish willingly.(Purcell
2014)
Human relation approach – huam relations approach consists to improve human relations of
the company so as all can work together to achieve goals and objectives of the Car rental and city
group PLC. Along with this, the approach helps the manger to know about the performance of
different activities and also the retention of employees for the achievement of the long term
goals in the organisation. Therefore employees can be motivated to work hard.
System approach – systematic approach refers with to manage all activities in systematic
manner so as healthy working environment can be develop. It deals with inter-related or
interdependent elements because both are working for achieving the same objective. This
approach is very useful in the internal and the external environment situations. So that the
changes are easily adapted in the organisation.(Teslya and et.al., 2014)
Social and technical system approach –It is based on the assumption that organisation is
mostly influenced by societal system and focus upon production and managerial functions.
Mostly the approach gives attention to the fact that how people are managing with the different
type of technologies and engrossment on the functional and the operational level in relation to
comparison that can be developed at higher level.
TASK3
3.1 Effect of different leadership style on employees motivation
There are different leadership styles which helps in motivation of employees which are as
follows
 Leadership style It plays a significant role in motivation of the workers of the
organization. The factors that leads to success of employees or organisation is counted on
the way the leaders or the employees of the organisation are guiding the employees about
the different working conditions in the organisation with respect to the different norms
and the standards of the organisation.
 Autocratic leadership style: This leadership style demotivate the employees because
there is no involvement of the employees in the decision making process by the
organisation. The outcome of this is that there is huge employees turnover in the
organisation as the working standards are not properly implemented.
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 Employees oriented leadership style: It focus on social and human relationship with in
the organisation between the workers by winning interest in personal of the employees.
The employees will help in taking the decisions that are related to the leadership styles.
This style motivates or encourages the employees so that the employees will work
effectively and efficiently in the organisation.(A. Agarwal 2014)
 Free rein style: Its main focus is on completing of the task in desired time frame and it
is not concerned with the feeling of employees. This demotivate the workers and it
results in decreasing the mental state of employees for working in proper way and can
affects individual life of the workers as they will be ending up with the depressed self
respect among the employees.
3.2 The different motivational theories with in City Group Plc
The top management had t6o recognise the working of employees so that the work can be
completed according to the standards . The different type of motivational theories that helps in
motivating the employees are as follows-
According the Maslow need theory the basic need is related with precedence for an
individual.
Firstly the basic needs of individuals should be fulfilled such as food ,clothing, shelter
etc.
Next is desire to move on towards self realization need.
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The theory helps in motivating employees for achieving the certain needs. City Group Plc
want to satisfy all employees needs and wants of the people in the organisation.(Suppiah and
Singh Sandhu 2011.)
 Herzberg 's motivation theory -
This theory divides the necessity in two parts one is hygienics factors or other is
motivation factors.
This theory is based on the fact that there are number of factors that motivate the
employees which are as follows -
 Flexible working hours.
 responsibility towards organisation.
 Factors related with personal growth etc.
City Group Plc applied this theory for motivating the employees. It creates a provocative
work environment in the organisation so that employees are aware with their responsibility for
working hours or working condition.(Solomon Russell-Bennett and Previte 2012.)
 Expectancy theory of motivation – This theory focuses on bringing collectively all
element that are related with previous theory. It is thus combined with different aspects
equity theory or behavioural aspects of other theories.
3.3 Measuring the usefulness of a motivation theory
The theories of motivation are very helpful for the managers because these theories helps
manager to know about the main causes that motivates or demotivate the employees in the
organisation. Motivational tools are very important because it helps in increasing the fruitfulness
of the employees in the organisation.(McLusky and Berry 2013.)
In City Group Plc, all people employed in organisation are working towards the
achievement of objectives of the organisation. This helps in the motivation of the employees and
thus increasing the morale of employees in the organisation.
Taylor believes that the employees of the organisation can be motivated by the money
that they receive from the organisation. If company provide rewards and incentives to the
employees in context of work that is done by the employees then productivity of employees will
be increased in the organisation and he will work effectively and efficiently to achieve the
objectives of the organisation.
Motivational theories that are used by cited organisations are:
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According to Herzberg: The workers can be motivated in the organisation by different
factors like working environment conditions duty, responsibility, individualized growth etc. If
company is successful in rendering all these things the employees will be driven towards the
work in the organisation. The Maslow 's need hierarchy theory implies that company should be
successful in satisfying the basic needs and wants of the employees that the movement towards
the self actualization need. If company should be successful in providing all things then it will
achieve the desired outcome of the employees.(Nafz, and et. al., 2011)
So Top Management of City Group Plc should be successful in the motivational factors
according to the requirements of employees.
TASK 4
4.1 Impact of group and group behaviour in organisation
There are different kind people who are working in a group in order to achieve specific
objective of the organisational system. If company wants to achieve coveted result than it should
have to forces labours to work in a group because it helps in to connected all peoples with their
managers. So as both parties can share their problems and issues with each other.
Group would acquire success when all employees are committed towards goals and
objectives of the company. Along with this, if they are contributing equally, then they are enable
to know clearly about their duties and responsibilities with the proper communication that makes
good interpersonal relationship. (Punjaisri and Wilson 2011.) in every company groups are
connected with other and it forces other employees to work hard so as all teams can be
encourage in order to improve their performance. Strong and effective groups are helpful in to
creating effective decisions for business organisations.
Therefore, groups also impact on an individual's behaviour and his performance for the
betterment of organisation. If group members will work in proper manner than it will helps in
competing organisational tasks and objectives.
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Formal groups are those that adhere to all the rules and regulations of cited organisation
and thus are involved inside the organisation.
Informal groups are those that are not bounded to follow the rules as prescribed by
company and thus are operated outside the organisation.
4.2 Factors that prevents effective team work
Team work impact on overall organisational performance and its productivity. It also
plays an important role preventing employees to increases their level of efficiency. There are
mention below the factors that can develop an effective team, such are as:-
 Training- managers should have to provide training and development sessions to their
staff members, it helps in to learn them new skills and techniques. By which they can
compete their all task and assignments properly.
 Compensation –it is an another method by that employers can easily increases te
performance level of their employees. Managers of car rental and city college should
have to give them attractive bonus and packages so as they can automatically influence to
execute well. (Alfes and et. al., 2013..)
 Focusing on goals - therefore, managers have to set team goals and objectives. Or make
it compulsory for every employee that he\she has to achieve it at any cost.
The team members of City Village Plc are committed in order to the organisation in
achieving the specific goals for the organisation.
Limitations: - due to this, all employees are work together so as it increases the chances of battle
and conflicts among employees. Along with this, subordinates are not able to use their proper
knowledge because team work is based upon thinking of all employees not for an individual.
Therefore, other peoples do not get equal opportunities to raise their views and thoughts.
4.3 Impact of technology on team functioning
In today's scenario, every commercial organisation has to pick out the changes for
accomplishing desired outcomes. The impact that affects the functioning of the team members
within the organisation are as follows-
 It can affects employees performance in antagonistic way and also lessening the morale
of the company's staff-members.
 It also increases the productivity of employees if they can learn all skills in positive
manner, with that employees can finishing all activities on time.
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 It also responsible in order to provide growth and development of an individual's career
because the person has the knowledge of all tools and techniques of project management.
 It save cost and time for organisation and identifies the best options for achieving target
market.
The organisations are able to find the weak employees from the group of employees and thus
training is provided to them so that they can improve on their weaker areas.
CONCLUSION
The framework of organisational structure is essential because it helps in controlling and
functioning all the operations of the business in a successful way in the organisation. In the
above mentioned report it has been concluded that there are different kinds of organisational
structure such as- functional, divisional and matrix structure. Along with this, there are different
types of leadership models such as- autocratic, transactional, transformational and participative
leadership styles. Organisational theory also plays an important role in growth and development
of the company. Therefore the report also involves role of team work and group behaviour by
using its employees are enable to contribute towards goals achievements.
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REFERENCES
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