Organisation Behaviour Report

This report analyzes the influence of power, policies, and culture on organizational behavior at A David & Co., a food and beverage company in the United Kingdom. It explores various motivational theories, including Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and Vroom's Expectancy Theory, and examines the impact of effective and ineffective teams on organizational performance. The report also evaluates the relevance of team development theories for employee development and concludes with the importance of fostering a healthy organizational culture for success.

Organisation Behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................2
TASK 1. ..........................................................................................................................................3
P1.Analyse the influence of power, policies, and culture in the organisation.............................3
M1. Analyse the influence of power, politics and culture and team performance......................4
D1. Evaluate the relation between power, culture and politics and how it motivates the persons
......................................................................................................................................................5
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5
P2. Evaluate content and process theory of motivation and its techniques.................................5
M2. Evaluate how to influence the behaviour of others through the effective application of
behavioural motivational theories................................................................................................8
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................8
P3 Effective team and ineffective team.......................................................................................8
M3. Analyse the team and group development theories for he development of employees.....10
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................10
P4. Philosophies and concept of organisational behaviour........................................................10
M4. Evaluates the philosophies and concepts of organisational behaviour...............................11
D2.Analyse and evaluate the relevance of team development theories ....................................12
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13
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INTRODUCTION
Organisation behaviour helps the organisation to understand the behaviour of persons
who works in the organisation. It can improves the efficiency of the company which helps to
maximise the productivity and capability. This report talks about A David & Co. which is
incorporated in United Kingdom. It deals in food and beverage industry. The aim of organisation
is to maintained the effective organisation culture so that it can achieve the desired goal. It
covers the following topics like: influence of power, politics and culture in the organisation,
motivation theories and concept. Apart from this, report also mention about the ineffective and
effective team and how individuals can motivated to perform better so that efficiency can be
improves.
TASK 1.
P1.Analyse the influence of power, policies, and culture in the organisation
It is essential for the organisation to analyse the behaviour of humans so that work can be
done in effective manner. Companies evaluate the human tendency and attitude which helps the
organisation to understand the behaviour of people. So that it can assign roles and duties
according to ability, knowledge and key skills of persons and it helps to maximize the
productivity of business. An organisational culture helps the organisations to frame the policies,
rules and regulations and all members have to follow it. A David & Co can maintain its
organisational culture so that persons can do their work according to it. It can use the Handy's
organisational culture theory in its company so that efficiency can be improved (Reb and Atkins,
2015). This theory has discuss about the various cultures which are such as follows:
Role culture:
Roles of individuals are decided by the organisation and according to it employees have
to perform. Human resource manager can assign the roles as per the abilities and skills of
workers in A David & Co.
Power culture:
Generally power is vested in the hands of higher management authority of the
organisation so they are able to take the decisions. In A David & Co. power is assigned to the
manager so it takes the management decisions and employees have to follow it.
Task culture:
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It is important for the organisation to delegates the task according to the ability and skills
of individuals so that productivity can be enhanced. Human resource manager of the organisation
assign the task to its employees to address a specific problem so that project can be completed on
time. It helps A David & Co. to increase its efficiency and productivity.
To use its power in effective manner is important for the organisation so that it can make
better decision and it helps to develop good management. French and raven's power theory can
be used by A David & Co so that they can take the decision according to it. This theory is
described as below:
Reward power:
Organisation can use this power to encourage its employees so that they can perform
better. Human resource manager can motivates their staffs by using this power and provides
rewards to them if they do their best and achieve the objects of A David & Co. Rewards can be
in form of monetary and non monetary. This system can increase the willingness of workers to
perform in effective manner.
Legitimate power:
According to this power an organisation can take the decisions which are needed to
followed by the employees. In A David & Co. this power is vested in the hands of its Human
Resource manager and it takes the decisions and persons of the company have to follow the
instructions of it (Pepper, 2016).
Coercive power:
Coercive power can be used by the management and they instruct their employees that
they have to work according to the it. Human Resource manager can use this power when its
workers are showing the leniency in work than it can force their employees to follow the
guidelines of it. It can help the A David & Co. to achieve its targets and maximise the efficiency.
Political behaviour:
Political behaviour is important to be maintained by the organisation and it should be
follow in positive manner so that employees does not get affected from it. It involves acquisition
and formation of political attitudes, beliefs and preferences by groups and individuals. It can
influenced the political behaviour as well as decision making. It is concerned with the possession
of power which is hold by the management and it can control over its resources and information
to maintain power. Company can use also Chanlat's theory because it gives emphasis on
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affirmative aspect of definite forms of positive conflicts. As to the pay differentiation in the
company can create bedlam condition for the A David & Co . Human Resources manager of the
company makes differentiation between the employees and play politics with the workers. It can
give negative results because staffs can leave the organisation and it is not a good sign for it.
M1. Analyse the influence of power, politics and culture and team performance
Power, politics and culture can influence the behaviour of humans who engaged in the
work of organisation. It can affect the efficiency and productivity of the workers. An effective
culture can encourage the employees to do better and its enhance the team performance. If A
David & Co does not use its power in a positive way than employees can not do work efficiently
and it reduce the productivity also. If politics, power and culture are effectively maintained by
the company than its management can improves which leads to the high efficiency.
D1. Evaluate the relation between power, culture and politics and how it motivates the persons
Power, policies and culture are interrelated with each other and it helps to motivates the
persons in the organisation. An effective organisational culture can encourages the individuals to
perform better and accomplish its task. If organisation use its power in positive way like it can
introduce reward system which can motivates the workers do perform effectively. Bad politics
can develop unhealthy organisational culture which can affect the efficiency of the staffs and
through it workers does not satisfy.
TASK 2.
P2. Evaluate content and process theory of motivation and its techniques
Motivation is tool which can be used by the management to encourages the employees so
that they can perform better and achieve their task. It helps to maximise the productivity of the
workers so that efficiency can be improve. A David & Co. can apply motivational theories which
are discussed as follows:
Content theory:
Content theory can be used by the organisation to motivate its employees and it focuses
on to identify the needs of persons. As per the requirement it encourages the workers so that they
can perform better. It is also knows as the theory of need (Laforet, 2016). Company can use
Maslow's Hierarchy of need theory which can help A David & Co. to motivate its staff. This
theory is mentioned below:
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Maslows Hierarchy of Needs:
This theory can be used by the company to motivates its employees so that they can
perform their task effectively. In this theory hierarchy of needs are mentioned which can be from
from lower level to higher level.
(Source: Maslows Hierarchy need theory. 2018)
Physiological needs theory:
It is the basic needs which are needed to be fulfilled by the organisation. Without these
employees can not survive. HR manager of A David & Co. should provide better good, water
and shelter so that workers can get motivated and perform its best to achieve the organisational
objectives (Karsh and Holden, 2014).
Safety need theory:
It is essential for the management to take care the safety of its employees so that
productivity does not get affected. A David & Co. and its HR manager can provide effective
working place and job security so that workers feel happy and satisfied.
Social need theory:
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It is the impressibility of the company to fulfil the social needs so that employees can feel
motivated and happy. HR manger of A David & Co. can be behave friendly with its staffs which
can create belongingness (Knights and Willmott, 2016).
Esteem need theory:
Esteem need is related to the moral and status of the workers. By providing essential
task , recognizing the achievements and status to make staffs feels valuable. These things can
encourage the workers of A David & Co.
Self actualization:
Self actualization is important for any persons and its helps to motivates the employees.
HR manager of A David & Co. can assign crucial task to their workers which can help to bring
out creativity from the persons. It helps to accomplish the objectives of company.
Process theory:
Process theory can provide the help to the organisation so that it can accomplish its target
through completed its task. This theory describes the process that how a work is to be done and
what steps are essential to be followed by the company so that is can achieve its objectives and
goals. A David & Co. can use this theory so that work be done smoothly and effectively.
Organisation can apply Vroom's expectancy theory so that it can encourage its workers to
perform better (Jha, 2014).
Vroom's expectancy theory:
Vroom expectancy theory is based on the performance of the workers and it depends on
their capability, attitude and skills. As per this theory there is strong relationship between the
performance and efforts of the staffs. An effective performance is able to bring out better results
and satisfy the needs of employees. It has focused on mainly three dimensions which are as
follows:
Valence:
Valence can help to motivates the employees of an organisation. In context to A David &
Co., it can analyse the most desirable and valuable thing which can encourage the workers to
perform better. Some staffs can get motivated through money, some can from promotion or other
incentives. Company should access the needs and then try to encourage its employees.
Expectancy:
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Organisation should know the expectancy of its employees and according to it can
motivates its workers. HR manager of A David & Co should analyse that what resources and
training can be given to the workers so that company can accomplish its objectives.
Instrumentality:
It can be used by the management to fulfil the needs of employees. There is belief in the
workers that they should be rewarded when they achieved their targets. HR manager of A David
& Co., should accomplish its promise by giving rewards and incentives to their staffs when they
help the organisation to achieve its objectives.
M2. Evaluate how to influence the behaviour of others through the effective application of
behavioural motivational theories
Motivation is an essential technique which can be used by the organisation to encourages
its employees so that they can work smoothly and efficiently. Motivation theories and concepts
can provide the help to management so that they can motivates their workers so that productivity
can be enhanced. A David & Co. should Maslow's hierarchy need theory in its company so that
they can encourage its staffs. Vroom's expectancy theory also can be used by the organisation to
motivates the employees (Hutchinson and Plastow, 2015).
TASK 3.
P3 Effective team and ineffective team.
Effective team: It is related to a team in which member comes together and work with the
common objective to perform an certain task and attain companies goals. The main motive of
this team is to increase the effectiveness in company process and bring alternative method to
perform business activity. In business world, effective team are more responsible towards
achievement of clear goals and thus help in increasing business productivity. In A David & Co.
LTD the features of effective team are discussed:
Clear objective: This team have common agreed aims and objective and other teams
member of company. They have a clear objective what to do in future with the predefined
objective (Pennington, 2014).
Balanced roles: In this kind of team each member have a specific role that are set
according to skills set, abilities and power to complete a certain task.
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Communication: In A David & Co Ltd. Member have a decent conversation with each
other and with their supervisor so that plans, ideas are regulated in proper manner.
Leadership: It is observed that to have an effective leader the team will perform well, so
In A David &b Co Ltd. HR manager appoint effective leaders that are able to manage team well
and makes them work accordingly (Hsu and Chang, 2014).
Ineffective team: This type of team are those in which team member do not have clear
mindset, there is no clear vision and communication between them and it lead to low
productivity and demotivation. The nature of ineffective teams are described below:
Domination By leader: Under this team leader have full control and power to take
decision that sometime led to mismanagement and also decrease the employees creativity as they
are not involved in business decision.
Communication gap: The communication is not appropriate between the team member
and other executive so that company faces the situation of conflicts among employees.
Difference between effective and ineffective team:
Basis Effective Team Ineffective Team
Communicating This team have open and clear
communication between group
members and manager
(Davies, 2018).
In this, there is a gap of
communication between
worker and manager that
reduce the productivity.
Involvement The supervisor of this team
allows its associate to involve
in decision making process
that will increase their
potential.
There is dominance of leaders
and every decisions are made
by them, that result in reducing
the skills of employees.
Vision and mission An effective group have
transparent imagination and
intention about their objective.
An ineffective team do not
have a clear vision and mission
that led to low productivity of
company.
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In business world companies like A David & Co Ltd wants effective team that will
increase their productivity and profitability so that market share is increased. They applies
Tuckman's team development theory to form effective teams (Geppert, 2017). According to this
theory a team is appointed a task and they work together from the formation till the task is
complete. So manager of A David & Co Ltd. Form effective team by considering phases that are
discussed below:
Forming:
In this method, management of organisation builds the team so that it can address the
particular task. A David & Co., can form the team on the basis of skill, knowledge and abilities
of its team members so that work can be done smoothly.
Storming:
In this type of method employees focus on its work and want to achieve its objectives. In
this style there are conflicts can be occurred among the group members due the different attitude
towards their work. The main reason of conflicts are, employees came from different
backgrounds and they have its own style of work so that company does not accomplish its
objectives.
Norming:
It is that stage where employees wants to know each other and group members starts to
solve the conflicts among them. Team members believes their team and appreciate the work of
each other. It helps to develop strong relationship between the workers so company can achieve
its objectives. Members of A David & Co. follow this method so that healthy working
environment can be established (Axelsson and Easton, 2016).
M3. Analyse the team and group development theories for he development of employees
For an organisation it is essential that its team perform better so that they can accomplish
their task and achieve the objectives. There are various teams in the company and all
departments have its own team. So it is necessary that all teams of the organisation perform
better so that A David & Co. can able to achieve its targets. Team leader guide the group
members so that they can enhanced their productivity and do their best. An effective team is able
to fulfil the requirements of the company.
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TASK 4
P4. Philosophies and concept of organisational behaviour
There are various concept and philosophies which can be used by the company so that it
can maintain effective organisational behaviour. It can help the company to improve its
management. A David & Co. can use path goal theory so that it can motivates their members in
the organisation. This theory can help to satisfy the need and wants of its workers so that they
can perform better and it can accomplish its goals and objectives. Path goal theory mainly
focuses on the four types of leadership which are such as follows:
Supportive leadership theory:
This leadership theory can be used by the company so that performance of employees can
be enhanced. Supportive leadership theory suggests that leader should be friendly with their
employees and being supportive. It help to develops the belief and confidence in the workers to
do their best. Human Resource manager of A David & Co should provide support in the work of
their staffs and if they are facing any problem than suggest the effective solutions. Company can
use this leadership style to motivates its workers so that they can perform their work smoothly.
Participative leadership:
Participative leadership can be used by the organisation to improve the performance of
their employees. This leadership style can be helpful to motivates its workers. Leaders of
organisation can involve their staffs in the decision making process and it develop the confidence
in the employees that they can effective advise to the management. A David & Co. can follow
this leadership style to encourage its staffs.
Achievement oriented leadership:
In achievement oriented leadership style, leader can challenge their group members to
accomplish the critical task which is give by the management. In context to A David & Co.,
their leader can assign the difficult task to its team members so that they can know finished their
duties. It helps to understand the organisation that its workers are able to perform in effective
way or not. Company can use this method so that it can motivates its staffs and its helps to
maximize the productivity and efficiency of the workers (Andriof and et. al., 2017).
Directive leadership style:
This leadership style can be used by the organisation to motivates its employees. In this
type of leadership style leader instruct their workers and as per the guidelines staffs have to
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follow their duties. In context to A David & Co., its leader use this style so that workers get to
know that how they have to perform so that they can achieve their task effectively. Leader shows
the path and its subordinates have to follow it so that work can be done perfectly and timely.
By using path goal theory A David & Co., can motivate its employees in the organisation
so that they can perform efficiently. It can help the company to achieve its objectives.
M4. Evaluates the philosophies and concepts of organisational behaviour
An organisation can use concept and philosophies so that it can fulfil the needs of
employees and satisfy them. These theories provides the guidelines to motivate their workers so
that they can perform effectively and achieve the targets which are needed to be followed. A
David & Co. should various concepts like: supportive, directive, participative, and achievement
oriented leadership. These concepts can provides the help to encourages the workers to put their
maximum efforts so that company can get success.
D2.Analyse and evaluate the relevance of team development theories
Team development theories can help the organisation to make an effective team so that it
can achieve its objectives on time and effectively. A better team can be build when all members
put their 100 percent efforts to accomplish the task. Leader plays an important role to make an
effective team. A David & Co. Should focus on the team building activities in its company so
that efficiency can be improves and productivity can be enhanced. A company does not
accomplish its targets with out the efforts of team members (Dasgupta and Singh, 2014).
CONCLUSION
As from the above report, it has been concluded that organisation behaviour can help the
organisation to develops strong and healthy environment so that efficiency can be enhanced. A
David & Co. effectively follow the culture, power and politics so that company can maximise its
efficiency. Organisation introduced various theories and concepts which help the company to
motivates its employees so that they can put their maximum efforts to accomplish its goal. It
apply philosophies so that effective team can be build which help the organisation to gain
sustainable success. Team development concept and theories provide help the company to
completes its task on time and enhance productivity.
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REFERENCES
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Andriof, J. and et. al., 2017. Unfolding stakeholder engagement. In Unfolding stakeholder
thinking (pp. 19-42). Routledge.
Axelsson, B. and Easton, G., 2016. Industrial Networks (Routledge Revivals): A New View of
Reality. Routledge.
Davies, A., 2018. Industrial relations and new technology. Routledge.
Geppert, M., 2017. Beyond the Learning Organisation: Paths of Organisational Learning in the
East German Context: Paths of Organisational Learning in the East German Context.
Routledge.
Hsu, M. H. and Chang, C. M., 2014. Examining interpersonal trust as a facilitator and
uncertainty as an inhibitor of intra‐organisational knowledge sharing. Information
Systems Journal. 24(2). pp.119-142.
Hutchinson, M., Mack, J. and Plastow, K., 2015. Who selects the ‘right’directors? An
examination of the association between board selection, gender diversity and outcomes.
Accounting & Finance. 55(4). pp.1071-1103.
Jha, S., 2014. Determinants of employee turnover intentions: a review.
Karsh, B. T., Waterson, P. and Holden, R. J., 2014. Crossing levels in systems ergonomics: a
framework to support ‘mesoergonomic’inquiry. Applied ergonomics. 45(1). pp.45-54.
Knights, D. and Willmott, H. eds., 2016. Labour process theory. Springer.
Laforet, S., 2016. Effects of organisational culture on organisational innovation performance in
family firms. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development. 23(2). pp.379-
407.
Pennington, D. C., 2014. The social psychology of behaviour in small groups. Routledge.
Pepper, S., 2016. Senior executive reward: key models and practices. Gower.
Reb, J. and Atkins, P. W. eds., 2015. Mindfulness in organizations: Foundations, research, and
applications. Cambridge University Press.
Online
Maslows Hierarchy need theory. 2018. [ online]. Available Through:
<https://www.simplypsychology.org/maslow.html>
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