Leadership Styles and Employee Behaviour

This assignment requires a critical analysis of leadership styles, their impact on employee behavior, and the relationship between organizational commitment and citizenship behavior. The student needs to review various studies and research papers on these topics, including ones by Boddy (2014), Chen and Ke (2013), Chumg et al. (2016), Harrison et al. (2016), Kaila (2014), Khan et al. (2016), King (2017), Mills et al. (2013), Pradhan and Jena (2015), Rock (2014), Rogers (2016), Venieris et al. (2015), Rooke and Torbert (2005), and Nair (2017). The student should discuss the different leadership styles, such as transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire, and their effects on employee behavior, including organizational commitment and citizenship behavior.

Organisational Behaviour

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
AC 1.1 Different types of organisational structures, comparison between tall, flat structures
long and short chain, broad and narrow breadths of control:......................................................1
AC 1.2 Relationship between organisation structure and culture and effects on the
organisational performances.......................................................................................................2
AC 1.3 Factors which might influence the individuals behave at workplace.............................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
AC 2.1 Comparison of leadership styles.....................................................................................4
AC 2.2 Link of Organisational theories with styles of management..........................................4
AC 2.3 Style of management which should adopted by City college and Enterprise................5
AC. 3.1 Impact of different leadership style in the behaviour of city college and enterprise....5
AC 3.2 Various motivational theories that city college and enterprise should adapt.................6
AC 3.3 How the city college and enterprise apply the motivational theories.............................7
AC 4.1 Nature of groups and workers behaviour in city college and enterprise........................7
AC 4.2 Various factors that may affect the team effectiveness and the factors which threaten
the success of city college and enterprise...................................................................................8
AC 4.3 Role of technology in the success of organisation:........................................................8
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10
ILLUSTRATION INDEX
Illustration 1: Different leadership style..........................................................................................4

INTRODUCTION
The organisational culture and structure affect the entire business organisation. The
behaviour, values, attributes, society of employees will create a negative and positive impact in
the organisation. The organisational behaviour is based on the interactions with the group of
individuals are there to manage the entire organisation. It is way of study by which people
interact within the company. It is refers to that scientific way approach which defines the entire
management of personnel. It helps people so that they can work efficiently and effectively within
the organisation. By organisational behaviour, both managers and employees will understand the
requirement of each other in a well manner. Using this approach the worker develop there skills
and knowledge and perform well in the company. Moreover, it concerns with the study of human
behaviour. The interface is based on the human-behavioural aspect and the organisation.
Changes in human behaviour will create a negative and positive impact in the company.
TASK 1
AC 1.1 Different types of organisational structures, comparison between tall, flat structures long
and short chain, broad and narrow breadths of control:
Organisation is based on the entire behavioural aspect of the employees and the staff
members. It has various essential society and structures in the business entity(A. Agarwal, 2014).
The organisational cultures relates to those pattern which concerned with beliefs, attributes,
values of the employees, workers and the whole management. There are comparison :
 Functional Structure: This is based on the structure which assigned the clear task and
work assigns and provide training and develop skills in employees.
 Product Structure: In the large scale organisation there are wide range of products are
there for customers. The entity methodologies are product based and elimination of
necessary internal competition (Alias and et. al., 2013).
 Unity of command, span of control and sense making: Unity of command is based on
the employees that should in proper order and direction. When the large amount of
people reporting to their management leader is based on create problems and
communications are creating problems kin communication.

 Tall and Flat Structures: In flat structure top manager who is the owner of the
company, managed entire the management. The tall structure is based on the level of
hierarchy under this each manager has control and directions to manage the subordinates.
 Long and short chain: Chain of command refers to that hierarchy which concerns with
the relationships of entire management (Barry and Wilkinson, 2016). It is highly
accountable to decision making power.
 Charles Handy Model : Power remains in the hands of the few individuals which
manage the and control the organisation. Task-culture is based on the targets or based on
the problem solving behaviour. Person-culture employees feel that important on the
follow a cultures. The role cultures employee is delegation roles and responsibilities to
the middle level managers.
 Edgar Schein's model of culture: It is based on the three basic elements of culture.
Artefacts concern with those elements which is visible to employees as well as the
external personalities like, dress code, company logo, working climate, art etc. Espoused
values are known as the values, standards and strategies which based on the assumptions
and goals which company want to achieve. Assumptions are the values which are shared
in particular culture. It refers to the situation espoused and actual values are not similar
and this create issues, frustrations and ineffective working abilities of employees.
AC 1.2 Relationship between organisation structure and culture and effects on the organisational
performances.
The culture of personnel is correlated with organisational structure. The culture reflects
the working abilities of employees. Basically a structure is a framework and the culture is based
on the implementation approach. Sometimes team dictate the structure of business organisation.
The culture help to build the sound business structure in the company. Cultures and values affect
the entire business organisations. Organisational structure is based on that formal area which
defines the working system within the organization (Boddy, 2014). The structures and cultures
are the essential elements to run the businesses successful. It the company concentrate the
requirements of their employees values and attributes and various aspects, it will become more
easier to attract the customers with sound nature of business. The present case study of city

college and enterprise there staff are involved with producing and delivering higher eduction
courses and encourages the employees come with the new ideas and this is because they values
the cultures of their employees. On another side the enterprise employs motivated individuals
with the potential to become good leaders and workforce perform their task effectively and
efficiently.
AC 1.3 Factors which might influence the individuals behave at workplace.
The individual may influence the workplace by their negative or positive behaviour
within the organisation. The key factors based on the individual attitudes and behaviour affect
the workplace.
Abilities: It refers to traits of individual personality which directly affect the business
environment. These traits are intellectual abilities is based on the person intelligence verbal and
analytical knowledge, physical abilities are the individual physical strength capability and skills,
and self-awareness abilities are based on that situation that what person actually feel about
allotted task or work (Chen and Ke, 2013).
Gender: The two different genders are perform in their same abilities and mental status. But in
some area the differences are found that women are caretaker for the children only. These kind
of some critical mentalities related to gender will create the working abilities in workplace.
Perception: The perception of a individual will affect the working abilities of individual
workers. It refers to that physiological system that based on the internal judgement of sound, of
speech, touch, taste, other senses and the social world.
Attitude: This is that important which defines the person behaviour very well. It based on the
abstract where the person response and react will help to understand the behaviour and this
remains be positive and negative (Chumg, and et. al., 2016).
The present case study, city college and enterprise is very much sound and efficient in
their work. College encourage their employees to come up with the innovative ideas and after the
discussion it adapted and implemented in the business environment. Same as the attitude of
enterprise that their aim is not selling the product but they are the good service provider. These
kind of attitude will help the organisation to run successfully in business world.

TASK 2
AC 2.1 Comparison of leadership styles
The leaders are the those individuals personalities which lead and control the entire
organisation with their abilities and skills. There are different kind of leadership styles which are
usually the guidelines for the leaders that how they perform and become a sound or good leader.
The present case study of City college and Rent car enterprise very much sound in their
performances:
Democratic Leadership: The Democratic is based on that participative culture of in the
management which boost the employees to contribute ideas and more involved in decision
making process (Harrison, and et. al., 2016). In this leadership style the leader shows connection
with their employees. In the case the city college encourages the entire employees of their
college to contribute their ideas and through the valuable discussions they implement those ideas
in the college. On the other hand, the enterprise of Rent- car is also make involved to their
Illustration 1: Different leadership style
(Sources: Nair, 2017)

employees to give best services and make more customer more comfortable. These are the best
example of democratic and participative approach of leadership skill.
Team Leadership Style: This leadership style is concerns the unity and work together
attitude(Kaila, 2014). The team leaders is refers to the personality who give directions, guidance
and with the regular interactions they help to their employees to work with good ability. In the
case of City college they are very much dedicated to work with their employees involvement in
good decision making. There are many departments that work together for example, as admin
assistant work with the human resource manager, who turns work with the sound production
controller. On the other hand the enterprise employs motivated individuals with the team
management. The enterprise concentrate on the leadership qualities in the candidates when the
choose their leader. Enterprise looks the skills and capabilities to lead others are the essential for
their business growth.
AC 2.2 Link of Organisational theories with styles of management.
The management style is base of the direction which is constant in working environment
of business(King, 2017). The present case study of city college enterprise is work on the basis of
the leadership styles. The entire management will affect negatively and positively. Management
theories are like autocratic, consultative under this the entire employees of the company will
work on the direction of their leaders, democratic approach is based on the participative culture
where the other employees will take part in decision making process.
The enterprise use the leadership strategies to their employees and these different styles
help them to create a good internal environment in the company. The styles of management are
based on the strategies and structures of companies and these strategies' are created on the basis
of the theories and methodologies of organisational behavioural aspect. Thus, the city college
enterprise adopted the culture of leadership styles. and these approaches will help to their growth
in business.
AC 2.3 Style of management which should adopted by City college and Enterprise.
The organisational theories are very much correlated with the different styles of
management. City college is very much dedicated to their work and they believe in work with
unity. The basic two innovative kind of administration style should adopted in both the case.

MBWA ( Management by walking around): This kind of innovative style is based on the regular
interactions with the employees. In this situation the employees discuss the issues and problems
and the leader take information by listening. While using this kind of style the managers are
behave like counsellor not the leaders. both the organisation specially the large scale enterprise
will understand the value of regular interactions with their personnel. The abilities of their will
increase if the leader or director behave like a counsellor.
Democratic managing style: It refers to the situation when a manager encourage the entire
business personnels participate in the discussions of decision making (Mills, Dube, and Zulch,
2013). This is will boost the abilities of work to their employees. In the case study of large
enterprise the service provider company will use the democratic approach to their employees,
and make them involve in decision making process. This will help to understand the
requirements of their employees and company run successfully. Involving them in different
important decisions and generating new ideas will help them to remain in business concern.
AC. 3.1 Impact of different leadership style in the behaviour of city college and enterprise.
The various leadership style create a effect on behaviour of staff members of city college
enterprise.
Delegation leadership effect: This particular style is also known as the laissez-faire leadership,
under this the management leader take less decisions and delegate their authorities of decision
making to the groups (Pradhan and Jena, 2015). As this style provide few merits, it creates more
disadvantages. Because of this style the line of management become confusing. When the city
college enterprise give the overall responsibilities to take decisions this will create the
management line blur and other team members become confused. This confusion will reduce the
working efficiency of city college enterprise.
Organisational culture effect: This corporate culture create a strong effects because after
delegation of authorities by managers the employees gave a come with the feeling that they are
the mirror of their directors (Rock, 2014). Thus, they can misuse the authorities and power given
my their managers. In the case of city college enterprise, if the enterprise provide the authorities
and power they will may misuse of these powers.

Thus, the leaderships are based on the different kind of leadership styles and these approaches of
leadership will create a negative and positive effect of both the company.
AC 3.2 Various motivational theories that city college and enterprise should adapt.
The motivation theories are very much important by which the organisation build their
working efficiency and ability. There are many theories which is based on the human and
employee motivation strategies.
Hertz berg's Two- Factors theory : This is based on that motivational model that is work on
the basis of dual factor that is motivator factor and hygiene factor (Rogers, 2016). Motivator is
based on that that element which satisfy and motivate the employees through hard work. On the
other hand the hygiene factor is the element which leads to the dissatisfaction and less motivated
if this particular element is absent in the workplace. This model implies in the city college and
enterprise in such a way that will become the happiest and most creative or productive
employees. It helps to motivate employees and feel sure that the organisation will appreciate on
their work and support them when any kind of issue arise.
Maslow's Hierarchy of needs: It is based on the requirement categories of individual which
comes under basic need (Venieris, Naoum, and Vlismas, 2015). Physiological need are based on
the individual survival like food and shelter. Safety need includes the personal and the financial
security and the individual feel healthy and wealthy. Love/belonging is the need which is based
on emotional aspect like need of friends, relationships and family. Esteem is based on the need
where the individual feel confident and respected. Self-satisfaction is the need or desire that the
individual want to achieve each and every thing in their life. This pyramid should used by the
enterprise
AC 3.3 How the city college and enterprise apply the motivational theories
The case study is based on the two organisations one is city college and another one is
Rent-car enterprise. Both organisation are different in their nature. The enterprise have around
75000 employees and the city college are small scale. Both have different working condition and
environment.
The enterprise use the leadership style to their employees even the firm choose those
candidates which have leadership skills. Using of Maslow's Hierarchy of needs model and

Herzberg's two factors theory will help to growth of their working abilities. Need theory of
Maslow's will help to understand more the employees of city college and enterprise. This
abstract behaviour of employees will may change by using these five categories of need. On the
other hand, the base of two factor theory motivator and hygiene will help the management feel
happy and more concerned to perform their work and tasks.
AC 4.1 Nature of groups and workers behaviour in city college and enterprise.
In the case of city college, they have around 200 staff members. Their teaching
department is very much skilful because they involved with the producing and delivering higher
education to be inclusive to all learners from diverse backgrounds. The human resource
department is very much involving in developing and maintaining the college workplace through
encourages their employees to come up with the good and innovative ideas and that can be
discussed, adapted and implemented in their college environment (Rooke, and Torbert,2005).
The nature of city college is based on small private college. They provide many learning
opportunities for their students. The city college is very dedicated to their employees and the
entire management.
On the other hand, the enterprise is based worldwide vehicles company. There aim is to
achieve the trust of their customers as they are not product seller they are service provider.
Enterprise employees motivated individuals with the potential to become good leaders. It
recognises that the skills and capabilities to lead others essential for their business growth.
AC 4.2 Various factors that may affect the team effectiveness and the factors which threaten the
success of city college and enterprise.
There are various factors:
Group-think: This is the main factor which affect the effectiveness of the city college as they
involve their employees and encourage them to give their new ideas in decision making. By
using this kind of nature in the business employees providing new ideas and this will create
issues and conflicts in discussions.
Role identity: The role is to identified in earlier because if the role of each and every employees
are not cleared this may create confusion and that directly affect the efficiency of their work.

Team Size: This is the essential factor which create a negative impact in the organisation. The
size my affect the working abilities of the business concern.
Some other factor that may threaten to the success and effectiveness of the city college
and enterprise that the college are more encouraging their staff to provide new ideas which they
implement in future. This may create issues and conflicts in their management. On the other
hand the enterprise are choosing those candidates which have leadership skills. The company
should provide the training and developed the leadership skills of their internal management
personnel.
AC 4.3 Role of technology in the success of organisation:
The technology evolution is help to create the various opportunities in the company
which improve the performances of workforce and by this they achieve more success in the
business world(KHAN, RASHID and VYTIALINGAM, 2016). The technology plays a crucial
role in their success of business. In the global market the technology have a great importance. It
help to deal with the competition with other companies. The technology driven innovative will
help to generate long term growth and profit.
In the case of city college and enterprise the college required to use more effective and
technological way to teach their students and provide training sessions to their employees
develop their teaching skill by using the technological way. On the other hand, enterprise will
use more advance technology to create their cars more effective and innovative.
CONCLUSION
The present assignment is based on the organisational behaviour within the companies. It
defines the theories and different kind of models which is very much helpful for the business
growth. Under this, there is a case study of two companies one is the city college and the another
one is enterprise of rental cars. The firm is work on the basis of leadership skill and they choose
their candidates on their leadership skill and abilities. In this assignment the theories of Charles
handy and important elements of Edgar Schein Iceberg model were defined. The value
importance of organisational structure and culture. Assignment shows the different leadership
styles and the management theories.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
A. Agarwal, U., 2014. Linking justice, trust and innovative work behaviour to work engagement.
Personnel Review. 43(1). pp.41-73.
Alias, M. and et. al., 2013. Predictors of workplace deviant behaviour: HRD agenda for
Malaysian support personnel. European Journal of Training and Development. 37(2).
pp.161-182.
Barry, M. and Wilkinson, A., 2016. Pro‐social or pro‐management? A critique of the conception
of employee voice as a pro‐social behaviour within organizational behaviour. British Journal
of Industrial Relations. 54(2). pp.261-284.
Boddy, C.R., 2014. Corporate psychopaths, conflict, employee affective well-being and
counterproductive work behaviour. Journal of Business Ethics. 121(1). pp.107-121.
Chen, Y.N. and Ke, H.R., 2013. An analysis of users' behaviour patterns in the organisation of
information: A case study of CiteULike. Online Information Review. 37(4). pp.638-656.
Chumg, H.F. and et. al., 2016. Factors affecting employees' knowledge-sharing behaviour in the
virtual organisation from the perspectives of well-being and organisational behaviour.
Computers in Human Behavior. 64. pp.432-448.
Harrison, J. and et. al., 2016. Performance measurement beyond best practice: tools for
tomorrow’s organisation. Pacific Accounting Review. 28(4). pp.362-363.
Kaila, H.L., 2014. A case of Behaviour Based Safety (BBs) implementation at a multinational
organisation. Journal of Organisation and Human Behaviour. 3(2).
KHAN, S.K., RASHID, M.Z.H.A. and VYTIALINGAM, L.K., 2016. The Role of Organisation
Commitment in Enhancing Organisation Citizenship Behaviour: A Study of Academics in
Malaysian Private Universities. International Journal of Economics & Management. 10(2).
King, R., 2017. School organisation and pupil involvement: A study of secondary schools (Vol.
31). Routledge.
Mills, D., Dube, M.B. and Zulch, H., 2013. Affective Processes and the Organisation of
Behaviour. Stress and Pheromonatherapy in Small Animal Clinical Behaviour. pp.37-68.