Organizational Behaviour: Influence of Culture, Politics, and Power on Team Performance

This document explores the influence of organizational culture, politics, and power on team behavior and performance. It discusses the implementation of power and culture models, as well as the motivation theories used by Ryanair. Additionally, it examines the factors that contribute to an effective team. The document provides insights into the concepts and philosophies of organizational behavior implemented by Ryanair.

ORGANIZATIONAL
BEHAVIOUR

Table of Contents
ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
ACTIVITY 1....................................................................................................................................3
Organizational culture politics and power influence team behavior and performance...............3
ACTIVITY 2....................................................................................................................................3
Content and process theories of motivation................................................................................3
ACTIVITY 3....................................................................................................................................6
What makes an effective team....................................................................................................6
Concepts and philosophies of organizational behavior...............................................................8
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11
Books and journals....................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Ryanair is and airline company, it is providing the services to the employees which
includes the services like food service in the flights and the other services in the company which
are provided in the flights. Company is commenced in 1985 and it was founded in 1984. it is
providing the low fares and facilities in the flights which are providing the satisfaction to the
customers. The company is concentrating on improving the employees performance and also
improve the team performance in the company. The report consists of the implementing the
power model, culture model and change the political behavior of the employees which are
working in the company. It also consists of the motivating the employees of the company by
implementing the content theory and process theories of the motivation. The company is also
planning to change the corporate structure, so the company wants to know the factors which are
making the team effectively. The company also wants to apply the concepts and philosophies of
organization behavior are implemented by the company and the report also consists of the
philosophies which are implemented on the organization.
ACTIVITY 1
Organizational culture politics and power influence team behavior and performance
Organization culture is considered as the common platform where people work together
in unison to earn profits and livelihood regarding themselves is known as organization culture.
Every firm has its unique features or unique style of working. It also considers as the beliefs,
principles, ideologies as well as values of an organization . The culture of the organization able
to controls the behaviour of the employees among with each either and with people outside the
organization(Skinner. and Stewart, 2017).
Handy's Power culture
According to the Charles Harry there are four types i.e power, task, role as well as personality
Power Culture -In the Ryanair Organization power can be handled by only few individuals.
There are certain rules as well as regulation in the company. Employees of the Ryanair can be
judged through what they achieve instead of how they are act. An outcome of this is a Quick de
decision-making (Chumg, Seaton, Cooke and Ding, 2016).
Role culture – Ryanair based on the roles as well as responsibilities of everyone working there. It
is totally based on the rules. Power defined by a role culture is considered as the person's
position(role) within organization structure.

Task culture – It can be formed when teams are formed in the Ryanair to address the specific
problem regarding important projects. It is considered as the crucial thing as powers in the team
often shift totally depends on skills, leadership and personalities (Szymura-Tyc. and Kucia,
2016).
Person culture- Ryanair with person culture is a collection of the individuals of different cultures
as well as unique as well as superior to the company.
Power- The simple meaning of power is influence. It considers as the capacity of the person to
impact the behaviour of other persons for performing some tasks. there are two basis of power
first one is positional power that is also known as Formal power and second one is legitimate
power based totally on the agreements and also commonly held to enable one person to have
power over the another (Ferreira and et.al., 2019).
French and Raven's power types
Concept that is usually used in an organization is wide communication. The five of power
are given below
Coercive Power- it is based that people can forced to do something against their will as the main
aim is the coercion is compliance. This power highlights that what will be outcomes if the
compliance is not going to obtain. Ryanair follows this style of leadership on the threats of their
management styles (Szymura-Tyc. and Kucia, 2016).
Reward Power- This type of power includes the capacity of individuals to assign matters that
people do not wish do for the other people and also to reward them. Managers of the Ryanair
reward their subordinates good outcomes within a positive manner. Sometimes it creates
problem if employees need to be bigger reward than the previous one as if these types of rewards
are continuously given that they become satiated through rewards as an outcome it will lose its
effectiveness (Batras,Duff. and Smith,2016)..
Legitimate power- Rewarding as well as punishing can be considered as the legitimate part of
the employees. Here most of the managers of the Ryanair execute a particular degree of
punishment as well as management.
Referent power- This form of power of the leaders can be seen as a role model of the Ryanair.
As it is treated with charm or admiration.
Expert Power- This form of power is often based on the depth information ,knowledge as well
as expertise. Here the leaders of the Ryanair are often highly intelligent as well as they trust

within their power to meet the needs of the organization roles and responsibilities. This allows
them combine the power of reward within right mode.
Political Behaviour it consider as the process as well as behaviour within human interaction that
includes the power and authority. Politics in an organization are unofficial,informal and also
sometimes it can behind the scenes to sell the ideas as well as increases the power or able to
achieve targeted objectives (Chumg, Seaton, Cooke and Ding, 2016).
In the Ryanair they can require appropriate skills in handling agendas of conflicts as
well as shifting power of agenda. It often portrayed negatively effects on the company as it is
crucial to be aware of the destructive aspects of the firm's politics to reduces the negative impact.
Politics is an integral part of an organizational life because organisation are made from various
interest that required to be aligned (Skinner. and Stewart, 2017). Organization has often limited
resources that can be allocated in certain forms. There are given below possible behaviours
outcomes. The conditions mention below
Ambiguous role – When the goals of the company are more ambiguous than there are
more room available for the politics. As a result employees of the Ryanair may pursue personal
gain under the appearance of pursuing goals of the company (Chumg, Seaton, Cooke and Ding,
2016).
Hofstede's cultural dimension theory
It is considered as the framework for the communication called cross cultural communication. It
able to focus on the effects of the cultural values of society and how these values relates to the
behaviour. It has power distance index which reflects on the less powerful members of the
organization as well . Here the power is distributed unequally.
Uncertainty avoidance – It defined as the avoidance of the index such as society tolerance .
Masculinity versus Femininity – Masculinity is considered as the preference to the
society ,assertiveness as well as raw materials . Women also in society acts to a different jobs as
well as display the various roles (Kirwan 2016) .
ACTIVITY 2
Content and process theories of motivation
Motivation means the motive which includes the needs, wants and desires which want to
be fulfilled. It is the process through which company is accomplishing the goals and fulfilling the
desires of the employees. Content theories is the theories which were applied in early times. It

is focusing on the motivating the individual and which explains the necessities and requirement
of the individual. Content theories include the Maslow theory and Herzberg theory. Process
theory is the outline of various patterns which are fulfilling the needs of the individual and the
requirements as well. Process theory includes the equity theory and goal setting theory. Content
theory is concentrating on the reasons which are changing the needs of the human frequently
while process theory is concentrating on the processes which are affecting the motivation and
expectations as well (Dohlman, DiMeglio., Hajj and Laudanski, 2019).
Content theory of motivation
Ryanair is implementing on the content theory, it includes the Maslow hierarchy of
needs theory. The theory is focusing on improving the performance of individual and improve
the performance of team as well. The theory consists of the five stages which is followed form
downwards.
From downwards the theory is including the physiological needs of an individual which
includes the necessities of the individual. Basic needs includes the food, water, shelter and many
more. An individual would not perform well if these conditions are not fulfilled. The employees
of the company Ryanair are provided with all the basic needs of and individual (Merrah 2018).
Safety needs includes the security to the individual in the form of the income and
employment and financial aid as well. The company is providing the safety to the employees in
the form of providing health safety and financial safety for future as well.
Belonging and love needs which includes the love and affection of the individual from
the family, colleagues and friends as well. These needs also includes the social life of the
individual. The company is providing the friendly and comfortable working environment in the
company. It would encourage the employees of the company and performance of employees
would be improved and also the performance of team work would be improved (Ryan, 2016).
Self esteem is must for every individual because it motivates the individual to improve
the performance. It includes the respect given to an individual and every one in the employee in
the company as well. The needs of self-esteem are implemented by the company on the
employees which are respected and praised as well which would increase the performance of the
employee as well.
Self actualization needs includes the desire of the individual to gain more and work
more. Through these one would develop and grow according to the need of the individual. The

employees of the company are giving their best for the company which would improve the
performance and these would be appreciated by the company as well.
The content theory of motivation which is focusing on what would motivate the
employees of the company. Ryanair is fulling the needs of the employees which would motivate
them to work better and it would change the performance of the employees and also performance
of team work and company as well. Through the performance of the employees the company
would be able to achieve the long term objectives(Nagar and Sharma 2016).
Process theory of motivation
Ryanair is implementing the process theory and it would include the Adams equity
theory. The Adams equity theory consist of the equity among the individual which are treated
equally on the basis of the efforts. The theory is concentrating on the inputs of the employees and
the outcome of the work done and accomplished.
People are compared on the basis of the work and the cost. Theory is stating that the
employees of the company are putting the inputs like education, time, skills, experience and
many more. In return employees of the company must be provided with the salary, reward,
bonus, promotion and opportunities while working in the company. The company is using the
education, skills and energy of the employees which are working in the company Ryanair. In
return the employees of the company are provided with salary, security and bonus as well. The
company is also providing the good working conditions and friendly environment to the
employees which is motivation them to improve the performance of the company as well. The
employees which are working in the organization and are not treated equally they reduce the
efforts and also not improve the quality of the work and it would directly affect the performance
of the employee as well. Employee is raising the output when the employer has raised the pay
and quit the situation as well.
The equity theory is concentrating on all the needs of the employees, it is not
concentrating on the individual needs, values and personalities of the employees. Some
individual needs of the employees might not be fulfilled. The theory is maintaining the balance
between the work of the employee input and output. The employees of the company is not
treated equally and the employee would be demotivated. It would have effect on the performance
of the employees and also it would have effects on the performance of the team work. The
employees of the company are provided with the immaterial rewards and the employees are

motivated to perform better. These factors are motivating their employees of the company which
would help the company to achieve the long term goals.
These both the content and process theories are implemented by the company Ryanair.
These theories are implemented on the employees and the employees of the company are
improving the performance of them and also the performance of team work as well. The content
theory is focusing on the individual needs and the process theory is focusing on all the needs of
an employee. The employee satisfaction is important for the company because it would help the
company to achieve the growth in the market and fight the competitors in the market. So the
company is focusing on the needs of the employee and motivate the employee as well (Rana.,
K’Aol, and Kirubi, 2019).
ACTIVITY 3
What makes an effective team
A team consists of the two or more employees which are working on the same projects
with the clear purpose and effective communication between them. Through the help of effective
team work one is able to work efficiently and effectively. Through the effective team work a
company is increasing the productivity and also team bring out some innovative solutions which
would improve the performance of the employee. It is also creating the committed work force
and the employee is motivated to work better. In the team when the morale is low, other member
of the team is motivating the other employee. Through the effective team one is able to solve the
problems of the other members. Every member of the team is different form one another and
have different skills as well. These members of the team would work efficiently and learn new
things from the other employees of the team.
Types of team in an organization
Project team is the group or team of the employees which are working together and
sharing the goals and strategies which are effective for the team and the projects as well. In the
project team an employee is clear about the roles and the responsibilities of the employee.
Project team includes four types which incudes the functional team, cross functional, matrix,
contract team. Matrix team is a team where there are two bosses which would take the decisions
of the company. Contract team is also the part of the project team which consists of the team
members which are in the team on the basis of the contract which is signed by the team members
(Miles, Cromer, and Narayan,, 2015). Ryanair is implementing on making the project team and

the company has increased the performance of the employees and the team work as well. The
company is preparing the strategies which would improve the present condition if the employee.
So the employees of the working in the project team and the members of the team are aware
about the roles and the responsibility of the company as well. The company is also motivating
the team members for improving the performance of the team (Yan, Wang, Chen, and Zhang,
2016).
Functional team is including the members of the same department of the organization
with the different responsibilities. A team leader is responsible for every thing which is happened
on the team. These types of team require the leader which is managing the work and also
willingly take the responsibilities of the team. Through these the company would improve the
performance of the team and the employees as well. The company Ryanair had made the
employees of department as the team member and these members are known about the roles and
the responsibility of themselves. These team needs team leaders which will manages the team
efficiently, so the company is appointing an employee as the team leader which will give the
direction to the team members and also distribute the work according to the ability and the skills
in the employee.
Virtual team is including the employees which are locating in different locations and is
fully dependent on the communication between them. Through these teams business is increased
and the employees are working efficiently. These types of team s are divided by the time, space
and culture. Team are divided upon the time when the people are working like day shift and also
in different time zones. Team is divided by the space where the people are working like
employees are working in same company but in different areas. Members and teams are also
divided on the basis of culture. Culture is including the factors like gender, age, race and
economic factors as well. Ryanair is having the virtual team which are locating in the different
countries and the employees of the company are fully dependent on the communication and
collaboration between them. By the help of these team company is spreading the business in
different countries through which company has build the brand image in front of the customers.
Teams of the company Ryanair is divided on the basis of the space and time between the
employee and the offices (Lovegrove, and Fairley, 2017).
Problem solving team is the team which is focusing on solving the problems which can
solve the any problem occurred in the organization. Problems could be financial crisis and the

event or any problem of the organization. The team is prepared aiming that the team would be
able to solve the problems which are occurred in the organization. Through these team
performance of the company is increasing the market and the company is gaining the growth and
increasing the goodwill in the market. Ryanair is forming the problem solving teams in the
company for solving the problems of the company which is affecting the growth of the company.
The problems of the company could be problems relating to the aircraft and also could be the
problems from then internal affairs like employees are not satisfied with the company and the
facilities of the company. The company is forming these team and the try to solve the problems
which are affecting the performance of the company (Salisu, Chinyio, and Suresh, 2016).
All these team and types of the team are improving the performance of the employee and
the performance of the team as well. These team are increasing performance of the company in
the market. The members of the team are learning the new skills from the other team members
team are coming up with the new ideas which would improvise the quality of the work done in
the teams. Through the help of these types of team, teams would be able to solve the problems
and obstacles in completing the team projects as well. It is building the morale and also
supporting the team members of the company as well. Problem solving team is solving the
problem of the organization and virtual team is spreading the business in the other areas. Project
team is working efficiently and the with the projects given and the functional team is working on
the functions of the department (Healy, 2016).
Concepts and philosophies of organizational behavior
Belbins theory
The Belbins theory is concentrating on the team performance and the theory is divided
into the roles of action, people and thoughts. Action oriented is focusing on the performance of
the team and the team member individually as well. Through following the role the employees of
the company Ryanair would be complete finisher and also implement the work according to the
company. People oriented roles will bring the people and ideas together which will make the
employees work as the coordinator and team works as well. Thought oriented roles would make
the employees plant the innovative ideas and also monitor the work as well. The theory is
implemented by the company and the theory would give the positive results but the company
would not implement on These theories completely because it is provoking the employees of the
company and the also inflexible while working in the company(Stoyanov, 2017). Through this

theory any person would be influenced easily and it would the business environment of the
company as well. It is looking like the big picture and the company and it would lack the ability
to inspire others which would change the performance of the employee as well. On other side it
also some strength which can be used by the company effectively like it would search the errors
and omission and also turns the innovative ideas in to the practical solutions as well. It would
listen to the employees and also fulfill the needs as well. It is able to solve difficult problems
which is affecting the performance of the company and the team as well (Wahab, Shamsuddin
and Abdullah 2018).
Tuck man and Jensen group theory
Ryanair is following the tuck man theory which is focusing on the group development
and the team development as well. The theory is divided into the stages which are forming,
storming, norming, performing as well. The theory states that it must not be followed strict, and
in some cases it would stop the work of the team in the company. So rules and agreements must
be followed by the company as well. Forming consist of the team which need to be planned and
organized by the company. Through the forming the company need to plan the objective of the
team and the employees would be known about the work which is being carried in the company
as well. Storming includes the team which would gain the trust of the other and the members of
the team must work according to the team leader. In some case the members of the company
raises the voices and it would create the conflict among the employees which are working
effectively. The team leader is always guiding the team members to work efficiently. Team
leader is motivating the employees of the company which would also encourage the employees
for working. Norming consists of the working of the team. Working of the team must be tasked
oriented and work must be performed according to the people which are working effectively.
The team members must share the ideas and help each other in the team. The cooperation
between the team members must be accurate and according to the task given and allotted by the
team leader. Performing includes the team functions which is run the team as the unit and the
team would benefit the task allotted to the team as well (Hirt, 2016.).
Path goal theory
path goal theory is focusing on the leadership behavior and also plays the significant role
in improving the performance of the team as well. It consists about the leadership styles which
would also include the motivating the employees through the leadership styles. The team

members must be clear about the policies and the principles of the team as well. The theory is
focusing on the directive leadership style, supportive leadership, achievement oriented leadership
style, participative leadership style. Directive leadership style is concentrating on the leaders
which must give the proper directions to the employees which are working in the company. The
team leaders must provide the guidelines and the work to the every member of the team as well.
The employee of the company need guidance for performing the task effectively (Bickle, 2017).
Supportive leadership style is including the leaders which would support the employees in
every moment. The problems of the team members must be solved by the team members. The
employees of the team must be treated with respect and environment of the team must be
friendly. Achievement oriented leadership style is including the leader must set the challenging
goals and also expect the high level trust on the team members as well. Employees must be
flexible for working in the team. Participative style of leadership consists of the leader which
encourage the team members to present the ideas and the opinions related to work. The
employees also must be praised for participating in the team work and also includes the
suggestions which would encourage the employees which are working in the company Ryanair.
Model of change
The model used by the company for changing the organizational structure is Kurt lewin
change model. The model is divided into three steps called unfreezing, changing, refreezing, in
the process of unfreeze the company Ryanair would refreeze the organization and then it would
implement the new structure. Through these the company would resist the change and create
awareness among the employees of the company and it would create the awareness among the
employees. The employees have to change the way of thinking, processes, and also maintain the
environment of the company friendly (Anderson, and Sun, 2017). Changing includes the process
of employees of the company have begun to move and the company would also change the
organizational culture to move and also implement the change as well. The changing of the
structure is refereed to as the uncertainty among the employees which are not able to accept the
change in the organization. Refreezing is the process of reinforcing and stabilizing the work
effectively the stage include the impact of the change of organization structure on the company
as well. The stage includes the efforts which is made by the company for implementing the
culture efficiently in the organization as well.

CONCLUSION
From the report provided above the company Ryanair is trying to improve the employee
relations and also change the organization culture as well. The company is implementing on the
power culture and the culture model and the politics model for improving the performance of the
organization and the employees as well. The employees if the company need to be motivated
which would also improve the performance of the employees which are working in the company.
Ryanair is motivating the employees of the company by implementing content theory of
motivation and process theory of motivation as well. And also the work of the employee is
improved by implementing those theories. Maslow theory and Adam equity theory is implement
ed by the company on the employees. The company is also changing the organizational culture
and the company would work accordingly. The company is following the path goal theory for
effective working of the team in the company. Company is also encouraging the employees for
leadership and those employees are working efficiently. These are increasing the efficiency of
the work and also improve the performance of the company. Through these the company would
achieve the long term goals.

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