A Comprehensive Review of Organizational Behavior Theories

This assignment provides a comprehensive review of various organizational behavior theories, including employee engagement, negotiation, attribution theory, and transformational leadership. It includes a list of relevant articles and studies from journals such as the Journal of Organizational Behavior, Journal of Management, and Performance Improvement Quarterly. The assignment also references Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, providing an illustration of the theory. This is a valuable resource for students looking to understand organizational behavior theories and their applications in real-world scenarios.

Organisational Behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
a). Use of Handy's cultural typology...........................................................................................1
b). Culture, power and politics affects behaviour within BBC...................................................2
M1 How culture, power and politics affects organizational behaviour......................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................3
a). Content and procedure theories of motivation.......................................................................3
b). Motivational techniques improves effectiveness of teams of BBC.......................................6
c). Improved levels of motivations within British Broadcasting Corporation............................6
M2 Evaluate behaviour of others by applying different motivational theories..........................7
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................7
a) Explain different type of teams in context of BBC.................................................................7
b) Tuckman model for team development..................................................................................8
M3 Analyse team and group development theories....................................................................9
TASK4...........................................................................................................................................10
a) & b) Organisation theory and concept and barriers which affect performance of BBC.......10
M4 Evaluate concept and theories of organisational behaviour...............................................11
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Organisational behaviour plays most important role in all kind of business enterprises.
With the help of this concept, company can easily determine behaviour of its employees as well
as managers (Alfes and et. al., 2013). Also, it assists in organization in identifying working styles
and current performance of its workers so that it can provide them appropriate training program
to them so that they can improve their performance. It is highly important for all companies to
manage their business environment otherwise they can not accomplish their desired goals and
objectives. In order to manage their working environment they can take hep of various tools ad
techniques. with the help of organisational behaviour concept company can easily determine
behaviour, nature, working style and performance of an individual (Bird, Saalfeld and Wüst,
2010). This project report is based on, British Broadcasting Corporation which is known as most
successful broadcasting company of United Kingdom. In this report, it has been evaluated that
how culture, politics and power influence impact on individual's behaviour within work place.
Ways of motivating people and teams has been determined so that they can accomplish desired
results of this company. At last, different concepts and philosophies of OB has been
demonstrated.
TASK 1
a). Use of Handy's cultural typology
Business enterprise is that place where many individual come and work together for
achieving some common goals which are know as organizational obstructives. Each and every
employee of company have their own working style and culture. So, it is highly important for all
business enterprises to determine the efficiency and effectiveness of its all employees so that it
can identity their actual skills as well as working abilities. Apart from this, company should also
take help of various tools and techniques through which it can easily improve the current skills
and abilities, also can motivate them to contribute more on organizational growth and
development (Farndale, Hope-Hailey and Kelliher, 2011). In present scenario, market
competition is increasing day by day so, it has become major task of all companies to conduct
those training programs to improve the efficiency as well as effectiveness of employees so that
they can operate business activities in most effective manner which will helps company in
achieving its desired results as well as competitive advantage. There are various organisational
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culture which are carried out by British Broadcasting Corporation. According to Handy's cultural
typology working performance and organisational culture of organisation interlinks with each
other. As per this concept, there are four major organisational culture which are follows as under:
Power culture: According to this concept, organisation should allocates all the power, duties and
responsibilities as per the individual's capabilities and skills. By following this culture, company
can operates its different business activities and practices in most effective and systematic
manner. Also, it assist in developing good working environment within work place which
encourage staff members to perform their roles and responsibilities in proper manner.
Task culture: It is that organisational culture, in which superiors make effective teams of those
people who have high skills and abilities, then allocates them tasks as per their capabilities. By
following this kind of organizational culture organization can encourage its employees to
improve their working style and performance. With the help of this culture, BBC can easily
achieve its desired goals and objectives in appropriate manner (Pentecost and Andrews, 2010).
Person culture: It is that kind of business culture, in which employees of company gets
compared by their colleagues. This is the best method through which organization can force its
work force to enhance their current skills and abilities. So, it is most effective culture which can
be adopted by company to improve efficiency and effectiveness of its workplace.
Role culture: In this type of organisational culture, business enterprise allocates roles and
responsibilities to its workers as per their position. So, that they can operate them in appropriate
manner.
Hence, these are the main organisational cultures which helps company in improving its
current market position and achieving its desired results. Currently, British Broadcasting
Corporation is following task as well as role culture.
According to the Smith Report, BBC culture directly impacts on its employees due to this
they cannot able to perform their operations in a effective manner. Within the organisation has
done several negative things with staff members such as sex crime, illegal activities,
discrimination and so more. Thus, employers of the BBC company seeks to be develop goal and
tasks oriented working environment so that every staff members will significantly perform their
operations with better quality.
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b). Culture, power and politics affects behaviour within BBC
Every business enterprise establish to achieve its goals and objectives. For accomplishing
them organisation operates various business activities and practices. Also, it searches for all
those area in which it can expand its business. In simple words, it is highly important for all
organisations to take help of effective tools and techniques through which they can accomplish
their desired results as well as competitive advantage. British Broadcasting Corporation should
evaluate its work force on the basis of their performance. With the help of culture, power,
policies, rules and regulations working environment of organisation can easily determined. Also,
it helps in evaluating business problems and their possible solutions. Future growth of BBC also
depends upon these factors.
Moreover, BBC is that broadcasting company which gives core attention to its workers
and their working efficiency. On the basis of their skills and abilities it assign them business
roles and responsibilities so that they can perform them in most effective and systematic manner.
High skilled employees helps it in achieving its all desired goals as well as objectives (Sandman,
and et. al., 2012).
Furthermore, politics are that important aspect which can provide huge opportunities as
well as chances of business expansion to BBC. Success and failure of all companies totally
depends upon political factors. So, it is highly important for organization to consider political
issues while making any any changes within its work place. Legal bodies makes various rules
and regulations which should be followed by company otherwise it can suffer from financial
loss. Authorised bodies have made various laws for employees and organisation so that good
working environment can be maintained within work place.
M1 How culture, power and politics affects organizational behaviour
Success and failure of all organizations largely depends upon their culture, politics and
power. Also, these factors helps in improving employees efficiency and effectiveness in most
effective manner, which assists them in operating their given roles and responsibilities in
appropriate manner. It is highly important for all companies to provide good working
environment to their workers so that they will feel comfortable while operating business
activities as well as practices. Positive working environment helps company in various ways
such as it improves employee's performance, increase organisational profitability and
productivity. It can help company in achieving its all desired goals and competitive advantage.
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TASK 2
a). Content and procedure theories of motivation
Motivation is that most effective factors by which business enterprise can increase morale
and confidence level of employees. Highly motivated workers contributed a lot in achieving
organisational goals and objectives. In business enterprise, it is highly important for managers as
well as leaders to have great motivational skills so that they can motivate work force to perform
their given roles and responsibilities in most effective and systematic manner. There are various
motivational theories which can be used by British Broadcasting Corporation to motivate its
employees in appropriate manner (Suppiah and Singh Sandhu, 2011). Some of the most
important motivational theories are discussed below:
 Maslow's needs hierarchy theory
 Herzberg;s motivation hygiene theory
 McClelland's need theory
 McGregor's participation theory
 Urwick's theory Z
 Vroom's expectancy theory
 Porter and Lawler's expectancy theory
Hence, these are some most important theories of motivation. Form above mentioned
theories, managers of BBC use two major theories which are follows as under:
Maslow's Need Hierarchy theory: This concept help company in motivating its employees in
best manner. This theory is based on five major individual's needs. By fulfilling these needs
company can easily motivate its employees. All those needs are follows as under:
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Illustration 1: Maslow's Hierarchy Theory
(Source- McLeod, 2017) Physiological needs: This is considered as basic needs of individual. It is highly
important for people to fulfil them otherwise they can not survive in competitive world.
Mainly, it involves air, food, water, clothing and shelter. To consider these factors, BBC
provides various accommodation facilities to its various employees (Jeung, 2011). Safety needs: After fulfilling psychological needs, individual wants to fulfil their safety
needs so that he can live his life safe and secure environment (Venieris, Naoum and
Vlismas, 2015). So, it is highly important for BBC to provide that business environment
in which its employees will feel safe and secure. By providing this kind of working
environment, company can easily motivate its employees in most effective and
systematic manner. Social needs: Man is considered as that social animal who always like to be a part of
some group. In simple words, every individual like to be loved and cared. So,
organization should provide them effective working environment in which employees can
openly communicate with each other. Self esteem needs: It That individual needs in which he like to get respect and
appreciation from others. According to this concept, organization should provide various
rewards, incentives and appreciation to the workers so that they will get motivate and
operate their given task with more efficiency. Self actualisation needs: It is known as last stage of Maslow's hierarchy need theory. In
this, individual seeks to achieve everything in his life. Organisation should provide their
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works growth opportunities and new responsibilities, so that they will keep focus on their
job .
Herzberg's motivation theory: This concept is based on two motivational factors which are
follows as under: Hygiene factors: It involves those factors which provides less satisfaction to employees.
In simple words, workers gets satisfaction for limited time period (Willits and Nowacki,
2014). Mainly in involves salary, fringe benefits, work conditions, vacations, paid
insurance, status, job security and so on.
 Motivational factors: There are various motivations factors which satisfy employees for
long time period and these are personal growth, achievement and recognition etc.
Hence, these are two major motivational theories which is used by British Broadcasting
Corporation. These theories helps it in motivating its work force for long time period so tat they
will keep focused towards their assigned job.
b). Motivational techniques improves effectiveness of teams of BBC
In business enterprise, human resource plays most important role. Without them company
can not accomplish its desired goals and objectives. There are various motivational theories
through which company can motivate its employees to contribute more in achieving business
goals and objectives. British Broadcasting Corporation takes helps of two major motivations
theories which are Maslow's needs hierarchy theory and Herzberg's two factor theory. Both
concept helps this company in motivating its work force and also convince them to perform their
assigned tasks in most effective and systematic manner.
BBC is largely influence by Herberg's two factor theory that is why its provides various
future opportunities to its employees so that they will remain motivated towards their job. Also,
it helps workers in satisfying their all kind of needs (Miao and et. al., 2013).
On the other side, Maslow's theory also helps company in satisfying its employee's needs
and wants. There are various services and facilities which is provided by this company to its
workers so that they will remain satisfied form their jobs. This theory force company to provide
most effective working environment so that its employees will feel comfortable while
performing their assigned roles and responsibilities.
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c). Improved levels of motivations within British Broadcasting Corporation
Employers of the firm want to be increase profitability and productivity of their business
firm so that they can get success and achieve their goals and objectives in a effective manner.
Thus, employee's working performance and skills plays vital role because with the help of this
company can achieve their goals and objectives. Along with this, it is necessary to be conduct
appropriate programmes and activities at work place of BBC company so that staff members can
learn and increased their working performance and skills. While employees perform their
operation's and tasks with high confidence and motivation level then respectively increased sales
and revenue of the business firm. Due to this, it can be compete with their major competitors as
well as set a brand image in customer's mind. However, there are explaining several sources for
BBC organisation so that it can be attain their goals and objectives in a systematic way.
(Sinclaire, 2011)
 Increased commitment of employees: While employers of the firm effectively allocate
and delegate works and task to staff members according to their capabilities and abilities.
Thus, they can significantly perform their operations and get success in competitive
market place. It is necessary to be delegate works and operations to employees as per
their working capabilities because it allotments has not that much effective then might be
developed conflicts and problems at work place.
 Developed motivation and confidence level: It is required to be conduct effective
motivational programmes and activities for staff members so that they can effectively
enhanced their working performance and skills. Due to this, they will systematically
perform their tasks with better quality. While employees working with high motivation
and confidence level then respectively increase company's profitability and productivity
in a impelling way. Hence, they will get success in competitive market place as well as
achieve their goals and objectives. (Kulik and Olekalns, 2012)
 Improve working efficiency: Employee's working efficiency plays a vital role for every
business firm because with the help of this company can get success and attain their goals
and objectives in a effective manner. While staff members perform their operations and
works with better working efficiency then significantly increased sales and revenue due
to this employers of the firm can build a healthy working environment at work place and
give proper satisfaction to their customers in a effective and efficient style. (Jeung, 2011)
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M2 Evaluate behaviour of others by applying different motivational theories
As per above define, Maslow's Hierarchy motivation theory it aids to increased
motivation and confidence level of company's staff members so that they will effectively
perform their operations and tasks. Due to this, company can get success in competitive market
place as well as can build a brand image in customer's mind. It is required to be conduct some
motivation programmes and activities at work place for employees so that they can enhance their
knowledge level and increased their working capabilities in a impelling way. Apart from this,
employers of the business firm wants to be increased profitability and productivity level thus,
they focuses on employee's working performance and skills. (Miao and et. al., 2013)
TASK 3
a) Explain different type of teams in context of BBC
Basically, team can be carried out as a group of persons who working together for
achieving common goals and objectives in a effective way. Thus, employers of the firm seeks to
be make a team of person and decide their targets that have to be achieve by them. Apart from
this, it is required to be make team of persons because while staff members working together for
attaining their targets then respectively increased their working performance and quality. Hence,
they will attain their goals and objectives. Along with this, thee are defining several type of team
in the context of BBC company such as follows: (Martinko, Harvey and Dasborough, 2011)
 Functional team: In this type of team included similar type of persons who have same
working capabilities and skills thus they wants to be achieve goals and objectives in a
impelling way. However, all team members wants to be meet with pre decided standards
due to this company can may be get success in competitive market. In the other words,
employers of BBC company must be have primarily with their staff members so that
team members can easy to communicate with their employers as well as share any kind
of information with them.
 Problem solving team: This is another kind of team, these type of teams are made for
solving particular problems and issue of the company. Thus, it aids to develop health
working environment at work place due to this all staff members can significantly
perform their operations. In the other hand, it is required to be clarify the problems and
obstacles of company to all team members so that they can set their targets as well as
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should identify them. So that they can attain their goals and objectives in a effective
manner. In the other hand, it is necessary to be make appropriate team of person as well
as must be clarify the targets and objectives to them so that they can achieve them in
future. It helps enhanced profitability and productivity level of business firm. Therefore,
company can set a brand image as well as provide better services and facilities to
consumers so that they can get satisfaction towards their needs and requirements in a
impelling way. (Wang and et. al., 2011)
b) Tuckman model for team development
While employees of the firm working in a team for achieving particular common goal in
a effective manner due to this, an organisation can will achieve their goals and objectives as well
as can get success in competitive market place. In the other words, team of persons aids to
increased profitability and productivity of the business firm due to this they can get success in
competitive market place. Thus, there are explaining Tuckman team development model which
can be used by BBC company for developing team of employees. Hence, there are included five
steps which all are defining under below: (Coccia and Rolfo, 2013)
FORMING It is the first step of Tuckman model, in which make team of person who
have same working capabilities and skills so that they will significantly
perform their operations and tasks.
STORMING This is the next stage of model, in which all team members effectively
share their opinions and views with each others so that they will
significantly perform their operations with mutual understanding.
NORMING After that, allocate and delegate works to all team members as per their
capabilities and skills so that they can effectively perform their
operations with better quality.
PERFORMING Next stage, all team participates perform their operations without
interrupting and distractions. Thus, all these will significantly perform
their operations and attain their decided targets in a impelling way.
TRANSFORMING / In the last stage, employers of the firm provide proper protection and
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ADJOURNING safety to them. Due to this, while working at work place they will
significantly perform their operations.
As per above define, Tuckman model it aids to increased working performance and skills
of team members due to this they will significantly perform their operations with better quality.
On the other hand, it is necessary to be set a target for a team and clarify them in a effective way
so that they can analyse and evaluate how they should perform their tasks and get success. While
employees working in a appropriate team then business firm significantly attain their vision and
missions as well as can provide better quality of services and facilities to customers. Thus, they
can get proper satisfaction towards their needs and expectations. Therefore, with the help of
effective team employers can set a brand image in competitive market place. (Graham, Ziegert
and Capitano, 2015)
M3 Analyse team and group development theories
Team can be carried out as a group of person who working together for achieving an
particular target and objective. Thus, as per above define different type of teams which aids to
increased profitability and productivity of the business firm in a effective way. Additionally,
while employees of the business firm perform their targets and operations in a team then
respectively increased their working capabilities and skills. Due to this, BBC can attract high
number of customers towards organisation as well as can set a brand image in competitive
market place. Apart from this, it is required to be develop effective team of persons so that
significantly increased mutual understanding among them and make healthy relationship as well.
TASK4
a) & b) Organisation theory and concept and barriers which affect performance of BBC
Every business firm wants to be increase their profitability and productivity level due to
this they focuses on to use and adopt better methods and techniques within the organisation. So
that employees of the firm will significantly perform their operations and attain their goals in a
effective manner. Apart from this, it is necessary to be proper analyse and evaluate the actual and
current market situation with the help of appropriate techniques because with the help of
appropriate methods business firm can be give proper satisfaction to their consumers towards
their needs and requirements. (Tierney and Farmer, 2011)Along with this, every business firm
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seeks to be compete with their competitors so that they can set a brand image as well as attract
high number of customers towards organisation in a impressive manner. Apart from this, there
are concluded some major barriers which affects on working performance of BBC company.
Therefore, it is necessary to be properly analyse and evaluate all factors because they directly
impacts on organisation either positive or negative manner. In the other hand, there are having
different type of concepts and methods which can be used by BBC company for enhancing sales
and revenue of the business firm in a impressive way.
 Path Goal theory: In the context of this theory, in which included leaders and their
behaviour because leaders of the business firm helps to give appropriate guidelines and
directions to others so that their followers will significantly perform their operations and
achieve their goals in a impelling way. Along with this, it is necessary to be have
leadership quality and capabilities in a person because with the help of this business firm
can attain their objectives ad goals.
 Behavioural organisation theory: In which included distinctive attributes due to this, all
employers of the business firm significantly perform their operations with better quality.
It aids to increase profitability and productivity of the business firm. Therefore, it is
necessary to be develop healthy working environment at work place of BBC company
because with the help of this significantly enhanced performance and skills of employees
in a impressive way. As per above define two type of organisation methods which can be
used by BBC company at their work place due to this they can get success as well as
attain their targets in a impressive manner, also can give proper satisfaction to consumers
so that they can set a brand image in the competitive market. (Ng and Feldman, 2012)
M4 Evaluate concept and theories of organisational behaviour
In the context of organisation behaviour, it aids to define their working system, culture,
management system internal environment of the business firm and so more. As per their business
surrounding can easy to identify their work place in a impressive way. Along with this, it is
required to be adopt and use effective methods within the organisation so that all staff members
will significantly perform their operations and attain their decided targets in a effective way. It
aids to increased profitability and productivity of the company. Hence, with the help appropriate
strategies and methods company can get success in competitive market place as well as provide
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better services and facilities to customers as per their needs and demand. So that they will get
proper satisfaction towards their requirements in a effective and efficient manner.
CONCLUSION
From the above mentioned study it has been concluded that, organisation behaviour helps
to define its working environment, management system and culture of the business firm. Thus,
there has been defined Handy's Culture typology which can be adopted by BBC company for
manage and controlling activities ad operations of the organisation in a effective way. However,
has been discussed several type of cultures in the context of BBC company. Apart from this,
Maslow's hierarchy motivation theory has been elaborated because it aids to increase motivation
an confidence level of their employees. Due to this they significantly perform their decided
operations and tasks. Moreover, it has been elaborated Tuckman model with proper stages with
the help of this BBC company can develop effective team of persons. In the last, has been
explained several type of organisation concepts as well ass several barriers which has been
affected on BBC firm either positive or negative way.
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