P4 Concepts and philosophies of organization behaviour (Doc)

Organisational behaviour

Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1 Organization culture, politics and power influence individual and team behaviour and
performance.................................................................................................................................1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................3
P2 Content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques to enable effective
achievements of goals in an organization...................................................................................3
TASK 3 ...........................................................................................................................................5
P3: Understanding of what makes an effective team and an ineffective team............................5
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................8
P4 Concepts and philosophies of organization behaviour..........................................................8
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................10

Introduction
Organizational behaviour deals with the behaviour of an individual and how they interact
with each other. This study is applied in the real life scenario so to create more efficient business
environment. The assignment is related to the 4com plc founded in 1999 at Bournemouth,
Dorset. The company is aim to improve the communication service of Small medium enterprise
in United Kingdom. In this will discuss about the how culture, politics and power influence the
behaviour of the individual. Moreover, how individuals can motivate the team and achieve the
goals of the individual. How Content and process theories of motivation and motivational
techniques helps the organization to achieve the goal of 4Com plc. At last, philosophies and
concept affects the organizational behaviour.
TASK 1
P1 Organization culture, politics and power influence individual and team behaviour and
performance
Organizational Culture is an amalgamation of values, assumptions, norms shared between
the employees. Culture plays and crucial part in the company as it affects the employees
motivation and performance in greater sense. 4Com should maintained and monitor their
working environment and try to make it a friendly one so that employees can give their best
performance thus helping the 4Com plc to attain their vision (Wilson, 2017). Organization
culture is beautifully describe by the Handy's typology and how it influences the behaviour of the
company.
Handy's typology:
According to Charles Handy there are four types of culture which are described below,
Power culture
Power culture states that the authority remains at the hand of few individual and they are
the only one who takes the decision of the company. These kind of people have special power
within the organization. 4Com plc can use this power in the critical time as it helps in taking the
fast decision. Other than that their decision affects the performance of the company if the
decision does not favour the employees benefits.
Task culture
1

In this culture task are assigned to the individual according to their skills and capabilities
to accomplished an specific task. Teams are made to solve any particular task that can affects the
company's efficiency. Through this culture, the productivity of the teams and individual increase
due to synergy factor (Wilson, 2018). 4Com plc should use this task to divide the overall goals of
the company and divide it into different task and try to achieve it within a given period of time.
Person culture
In this culture, individual of the company feels more important and unique for
themselves. Their main focus is to attain their personal objectives and goals rather than the
company's objective. This type of culture can affect the 4com plc in negative sense. It will
degrade the friendly nature of the culture thus degrade the motivation of the employees. 4Com
plc should try to ignore this culture as much as possible.
Role culture
Role culture spells out that roles and responsibilities assigned to the individual is
according to their skills and abilities. This can help the individual to improve their productivity
while working as the task assigned is according to their competencies. It can also help the
individual to improve their knowledge and skills by continuous learning. 4Com plc should try to
inculcate this culture as it will help the company and individual to attain their goals and
objectives.
Organisation's power
Power refers to the authority a person has due to their position held in the company.
French and raven has describe power into five types which are describe below,
Referent power
This type of power comes from the inter relationship and attracting behaviour of the
individual. This can help the 4Com plc to increase their productivity and efficiency by giving the
power to the born leader.
Legitimate power
This is a type of power person acquired from the position they have held in the company.
4Com plc should assign this type of power to the capable person as it will help the company to
attain their goals. But if the power is given to the incapable person then they might use it for their
personal use that can affect the performance of the 4Com plc.
Expert power
2

Power is assigned to the person who has vast knowledge and expertise in their specific
field. This type of person can help other to increase their knowledge and skills thus increasing
the overall productivity of the company. 4Com plc can use this type of power to improve their
knowledge and skills so to attain their vision.
Reward power
Power is assigned to the individual by rewarding them according to their work and
quality of it. Rewards includes promotions, incentives, bonus, trips etc. 4Com plc can use these
type of power to motivate the employees by rewarding them according to their performance.
Coercive power
When the individual has the authority to threaten other employees to work harder or they
would be replaced by another (Robbins and Judge, 2014). Coercive power has positive and
negative impact on the employees. If uses in a better way it can improve the efficiency and
effectivity of the 4com plc employees. If uses in a negative way it can degrade the performance
of the employee's.
Organisation politics
Politics plays an important part in the success of the organization. It can create the
positive or negative impact according to the use of politics. Politics can create the positive
impact on 4Com plc as it will help the company to assign the task according to their specialities.
But on the other hand this power can be use by the individual to nag other employees so to
degrade their performance. Hence company should use politics in a positive way to improve the
performance of the employees.
TASK 2
P2 Content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques to enable effective
achievements of goals in an organization
Motivation is a process of force initiated within an individual to attain any given assigned
task. It can help the individual to improve their performance by increasing the efficiency of the
performance while working. 4Com plc can motivate their employees through giving promotions.
Monetary benefits, recognition in the workplace etc. There are two different types of
motivational theories i.e.., Content theory and motivation theory which can help the 4com plc to
attain their vision with full efficiency which are described as below,
3

Content theory of motivation
Content theory states that how and why individual motivation changes with time and
what are the factors that affects the performance of the individual. In this assignment Maslow
hierarchy theory is taken into consideration. Individual should attain their lower hierarchy that is
also known as definition needs to shift to the other need known as growth needs. All the different
levels of hierarchy is explained below,
Physiological need : This need includes water, air, food, shelter etc. This need has
occupied the lower level of pyramid. Physiological needs has to be achieved as it is the basic
amenities required by the individual to stay alive. 4Com plc should give their employees proper
salary and working conditions so to attain this need. It would help the company to improve the
performance of the employees thus helping the company to achieve their business objectives.
Safety need: Safety needs becomes the priority of the individual after attaining the
physiological need. This type of need includes healthy working environment, job security, free
from any type of discrimination in the workplace etc. 4com plc should provide all the factors so
to satisfy the safety need of an employees (Pettigrew, 2014). It would help the company to
improve their performance in the workplace hence helping the 4com plc to upgrade their
productivity at work.
Social need: This need includes love, friendship, compassion among the employees in the
workplace. It helps the individual to increase their productivity while working. 4Com plc should
organized informal meetings, parties, brainstorming sessions so that they get to know each other
and relationship between the employees will get better. Friendly environment helps the company
to improve their performance thus helping the company to attain their vision. Isolation at the
workplace would leads to depression and impacts the performance of the employees.
Esteem need: It becomes the priority of an individual after achieving all the deficiency
needs of the pyramid. Employees should be valued and respect by the other workforce so to
improve the performance of the employee. 4Com plc should give promotion and recognition to
the employees according to the performance rather than on favouritism. It will help the
employee for their personal and professional growth.
Self actualization need: This need is the top level if need in the pyramid. It is the level
where employees wants to accomplish challenging task to realize their potential. 4Com plc
4

should give different and unique scenarios so to attain the full potential consequently helping the
employee and company to achieve their full productivity.
Process theory of motivation
Process theory deals with the psychology and behaviour of an individual and how it helps
the employees to increase motivation among employees. There are four different types of
enforcement which are describe below,
Positive reinforcement: In this enforcement, employees can be motivate through giving
rewards and awards according to their performance while working. 4Com plc should give
rewards to the employees so to increase the motivation of the employees. Through this,
especially sales team can be motivate by giving incentives and bonus by the 4com plc for their
extra work generated by them.
Negative reinforcement: It is way of shrinking the unappealing behaviour of an
employees so that their productivity won't get affected. It helps the employees to remove their
weakness thus helping in attaining more productivity. 4Com plc could threaten the employees so
to remove their undesirable behaviour.
Punishment reinforcement: In this type of enforcement, company can punish their
employees for their repetitive unappealing behaviour. As due to their behaviour company's
performance is degrading. For instance, in 4com plc if any employees is behaving badly with
their seniors then they can suspend that employees for the short period of time so to remove their
behaviour towards the seniors (Conger, 2017).
Extinction reinforcement: In this company tend to ignore the bad behaviour of the
employee so that it will automatically get removed over time. For instance if an employee is
coming late to 4com plc than they should ignored it in the starting. If this behaviour tend to
happen regularly then they could take other approaches like negative or punishment enforcement
so to remove the behaviour.
TASK 3
P3: Understanding of what makes an effective team and an ineffective team
External environment is changes with time and so does the company strategies. 4Com plc
has to to make the team like sales team or marketing team etc to attain their vision. The team
which company has created should be effective than only it will help 4com plc to gain the
5

competitive advantage. But if the team is ineffective than it will degrade the overall performance
of the company (De Board, 2014).
Basis Effective team Ineffective team
Contribution In this type of team, all the
decision taken by the members
is mutually agreed. All the
members play there part in
decision making process and
the best solution is taken into
consideration.
In ineffective team, decision is
taken by the leader and no
brainstorming session happens
before taking the final
decision.
Purpose of team The task assigned to every
individual in the team is clear
and they have a proper
understanding of why there
team has formed and what is
the expectations of the team
from their management.
The task assign to the
members is not clear and
everyone wants to beat other
performance so to gain the
dominance in the team.
Leadership and their style The leaders prefers to opt a
participative style where the
leader behave as the team
member and the decision taken
by the group will be the final
one.
The leaders prefers to follow
an autocratic style where they
do not take any opinion of
others and the decision taken
by them will be the final.
4com plc should try to form an effective team as it will them to achieve their business
objectives. It helps the company to create a friendly environment in the workplace thus creating a
motivating environment in the company.
The Belbin team role model can be use by the 4Com plc so to increase the productivity of the
company which are described below,
6

The implementer: These are the kind of people who likes to solve the problem rather than
analysing it. They like to implement the idea into a real life scenario. These kind of people can
help the 4com plc to implement the strategy they have made to gain the competitive advantage
(Belbin Team Role Management, 2016).
The co-ordinator: These are the kind of people who likes to coordinate the team so to
maximum utilization can be achieved. Their work is to align the activities and goals of the team
so to achieve the objectives within the given time period. 4Com plc should make these kind of
people leader as they will motivate others to achieve the goal.
Resource investigator: There work is to find the unique and new ideas to make the
product so that with the help of that competitive advantage can be attain. 4Com plc can use these
type of people while making the new product so that more SME market would be captured.
Team worker: These kind of people are sensitive in nature. Their main work is to
maintain the relationship among the employees so that no conflict would be raised. Thus helping
the company to improve their productivity by making a favourable environment to work. 4Com
plc can use this type of people as HR as they help to maintain the peace of the company (Parijat
and Bagga, 2014).
Specialist: They have the full knowledge and expertise in their specific field. Their work
is to help the other employee with their knowledge so that they can also achieve their target.
4Com plc should provide these kind of people to every team so that every goal would be
achieved with full perfection.
Complete finisher: There work is to check the quality of the work done by the team
members and try to make it perfect within deadline (Okhuysen and Eisenhardt, 2017). Their
work is to complete the full task allotted to them in the given time so that performance of the
4com plc won't get affected.
Shaper: These people tend to achieve their target within the deadline and are self
dependent. They can manage themselves and don't like if anyone interfere them before the task
get completed.
Monitor: Their work is to analyse the ideas and to find out the pros and cons of the
product. This will help the 4com plc to analyse their new or existing product before launching it
into market.
7

Plant: These are the kind of people who prefers to innovate product so that customer
unmet needs can be attain. They have a hard time when facing the criticism as they are not use to
it. They may be poor communicators as they prefer to work rather than making relationships with
other.
TASK 4
P4 Concepts and philosophies of organization behaviour
Path goal theories describes that employees performance is affected by the leaders
behaviour and the environment in the workplace.
Path goal theory describes in three steps.
Leadership style: There are four styles that depends on the organization environment.
Directive leadership: In this, leaders gives direction to the subordinates and they have to
follow it. 4Com plc can use this leadership style to give training to the new joinee so that there
path of attaining the goal would be clear (DeNisi and Gonzalez, 2017).
Supportive leadership: In this style, leader support their subordinates so to attain their
goals. They are friendly to all the employees and take their opinions while making the decision.
4Com plc can use this style so to increase the employee engagement.
Participative leadership: In this leader interact with other employees and consider their
opinions and suggestions. 4Com plc can use this style while setting the goal for the employees.
Achievement oriental leadership: This type of people set the challenging goals so that
maximum productivity would be achieved. Their aim is to achieve the target in any means. This
can help the 4Com plc to improve their performance thus increasing the productivity.
Employee characteristics:
Leader should be well aware of their employee characteristics as how they want to get
motivated or which type of leadership they prefer. Like if employees want less interference by
their leaders than company should use participative leadership style. If employees want to get
challenging task at the work than achievement leadership should be use (Swanepoel, Botha and
Rose-Innes, 2015). So leader has to maintain and change their leaderships style according to the
employees and subordinates. Prefer style will help the employees to improve their performance
thus increasing their productivity.
Task and environmental characteristics:
8

The main focus of the path goal theory is to tackle the hindrance with best performance.
Leader work is to clear the path of the employees so that they can attain their task with full
efficiency. Problem that could create the problem for the employees of the are as follows,
Design of the task: Leader work is to design the task according to the employees skills
and abilities. It will help the employees to accomplish the task with full potential. 4Com plc
should appoint the leader according to their skills and characteristics as it directly affects the
performance of the employees and company.
Formal authority system: The authority is given by the senior or the leader. Their work is
to find out that who can handle the power and make the best utilization of it. In 4com plc, they
should employees while making the decision as it will increase the motivation of the employees
and helps to improve the performance (Bolman and Deal, 2017). If the power is given to the
wrong employee's than they might take the advantage of their authority in a negative way.
Work group: Leader work is to maintain the peace and enthusiasm in the group as culture
of the group affects the performance of the employees. If the employees have conflicts among
the group than it will affect the team performance in a negative way. In 4Com plc, leader should
promote individual learning, enthusiasm, team work etc as it will increase cohesiveness among
the group members.
CONCLUSION
Behaviour of an employees directly affects the productivity of other employees and the
company. Culture, politics and power influences the employees behaviours thus its leaders
responsibilities is to use these power in positive sense so to increase the performance and
productivity of an individual. Motivating the employees is important as demotivated person will
give poor performance that's directly impacts the profits of the company. Company should use
different types of theories like content and process theories so to motivate the employees.
Effective teams plays part in the success of the organization and ineffective team plays part in
the downfall of the organisation. So to make the effective team, company could use Belbin team
model to make the best utilization of their resources. Company should Path goal theory to
influences the performance of the employees and how leaders should change their style
according to the employee characteristics.
9

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Wilson, F.M., 2017. Organizational behaviour and gender. Routledge.
Wilson, F.M., 2018. Organizational behaviour and work: a critical introduction. Oxford
university press.
Robbins, S.P. and Judge, T., 2014. Essentials of organizational behavior. Pearson,.
Pettigrew, A.M., 2014. The politics of organizational decision-making. Routledge.
Conger, J.A., 2017. Motivate performance through empowerment. The Blackwell Handbook of
Principles of Organizational Behaviour, pp.143-155.
Rumbles, S., 2015. Groups and teams. In Organizational behaviour. Wiley Publications.
De Board, R., 2014. The psychoanalysis of organizations: A psychoanalytic approach to
behaviour in groups and organizations. Routledge.
Parijat, P. and Bagga, S., 2014. Victor Vroom’s expectancy theory of motivation–An evaluation.
International Research Journal of Business and Management.7(9). pp.1-8.
DeNisi, A.S. and Gonzalez, J.A., 2017. Design performance appraisal systems to improve
performance. The Blackwell Handbook of Principles of Organizational Behaviour,
pp.63-75.
Bolman, L.G. and Deal, T.E., 2017. Reframing organizations: Artistry, choice, and leadership.
John Wiley & Sons.
Swanepoel, S., Botha, P. and Rose-Innes, R., 2015. Organizational behaviour: exploring the
relationship between ethical climate, self-efficacy and hope. Journal of Applied
Business Research.31(4). p.1419.
Okhuysen, G.A. and Eisenhardt, K.M., 2017. Excel through group process. The Blackwell
Handbook of Principles of Organizational Behaviour, pp.219-233.
Online
Belbin Team Role Management. 2016. [Online]. Available Through:
<http://www.werkenmetteamrollen.nl/Werken-met-Teamrollen/The-9-
teamroles.asp#.W_FPOS0zab8>
10

11