Understanding Organisational Behaviour

The provided assignment is a comprehensive analysis of organisational behaviour, covering topics such as Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, Tuckman's Forming-Norming-Storming-Performing model, Path-Goal Leadership Theory, and more. It includes references to research papers and online resources, providing insights into the theories and concepts related to organisational behaviour. The assignment aims to understand the complexities of organisational behaviour and its impact on employee motivation and performance.

Organisational Behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
(a) Handy Cultural Typology.................................................................................................1
(b) Influence of culture, power and politics on behaviour of BBC........................................2
M1...........................................................................................................................................3
TASK 2 ...........................................................................................................................................4
(a) Content and process theories of motivation......................................................................4
(b) Motivational techniques which can assist the company in improving their effectiveness of
team........................................................................................................................................7
(c) Contribution of Improved levels of motivation helping BBC in achieving goals............8
M2...........................................................................................................................................9
D1...........................................................................................................................................9
TASK 3 ...........................................................................................................................................9
(a) Identification of various types of teams in BBC...............................................................9
(b) Methods of making effective team in BBC....................................................................10
M3.........................................................................................................................................11
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................11
(a) Organisational theories which is used for improving team performance.......................11
(b) Barriers that can impact the team performance..............................................................12
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................12
M4 & D2...............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
All the effectiveness of business functions carried out by the organisations are depended
on organisational behaviour. It is the employees who acts a crucial part of any business as
through their actions the company can gain competitive advantage. So it is necessary that these
people have to be handled and managed properly thus building a better relation with them. With
the help of organisational behaviour manager can easily coordinate with these in better way
(Bissell and Dolan, 2012). The concept of organisational behaviour is not knew as firms are well
aware of the fact that through it they can make operations more efficient. This all report will be
dealing with case scenario of BBC. To know evaluate the internal area Handy's cultural typology
can be used. To attain the business objectives various motivational theories can be applied in the
context. It s also identified that the company is going through various managerial issues which
has to be sorted out as soon as possible in order to attain new heights. To gain more knowledge
about the organisational behaviour various models and philosophies is highlighted in this so that
good relations with the employees can be maintained. The main of this is to make people aware
about the impact of culture, politics and power on the behaviour of person who are part of some
organisation.
TASK 1
(a) Handy Cultural Typology.
This is a very handy model which assist people in analysing why they feel comfortable in
working in a company instead of other. There has been highlights on the cultural model followed
by BBC. Handy Cultural typology gives an insight that how a company work and takes certain
decision.
 Power Culture:- It is observed that there are certain organisations where the power and
authority is with small group of people. There is no power brake as all the things are
centralized and this can be used where the motivation level of the staff are quite low. So
for the quick decisions it is necessary that the power should be with single party.
 Task Culture:- This is the technique in which the teams are asked to attain the targets
and resolves any disputes properly (Burnard and Bhamra, 2011). It is analysed that in
BBC teams are formed on the basis of the interest, skills and experience. To make things
creative and unique normally there are four to five people.
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 Person Culture:- In this the people are given much importance and those employees
who are part of the company looks for their self interest instead of the company. It is the
role of the manager to ensure that there is coordination between the employees interests
and the organisational targets which they have achieve.
 Role Culture:- It shows that in an organisation each person has some roles and
responsibilities assigned to them according to their skills and experience. To get better
results the managers gives employees the option to choose their work according to their
interest. But whatever will be the outcomes it will be the full responsibility of the staff to
give answer of it.
(Source:- Organisational culture, 2017)
According to above diagrammatic representation it has been analysed that handy culture
is classified into four section that is ; power, role, task and person. Thus, it is essential for BBC
to adopt this technology in order to run their business operations in most appropriate way.
Therefore to run their business according to this strategy, managerial team of an enterprise
requires to appoint skilled or talented employees by considering relevant information.
To makes this effective BBCX follows the role and task culture which also helps them in
creating better relationship with the staff. The organisation culture of BBC can be understood
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Illustration 1: Organisational culture

through five value dimensions that are power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty
avoidance and Confucian dynamism. Analysed all of them it could be said that BBC score low
on power distance, medium high on individualism, medium on masculinity, relatively low on
uncertainty avoidance and Confucian dynamism. Earlier they were following old way of power
culture where they have divided into three. Board of governors, executive board and the
divisional boards like creative, journalism and commercial boards. Degree of individualism gives
them the freedom to focus on themselves on the other hand the degree of uncertainty avoidance
as low because the BBC is dependent on the six core values. Confucian dynamism as low
because the BBC is dependent on technology that may bring change in short period of time.
In 2005, Dame Janet Smith was given the responsibility to undertake enquiry unto the
corporation connection to the sexual abuse committed by Jimmy Savile. It describes the
loopholes in the organisation culture. It was found that Savile abused and raped 72 people at the
BBC premises at the places where they he has worked. He highlighted that BBC staff was aware
about this but they didn't complain to the management due to culture of not complaining
followed by BBC. The power culture was less and people didn't had power to take any decision.
(b) Influence of culture, power and politics on behaviour of BBC.
There are various factors which are affecting BBC in achieving their goals and
objectives. Whenever the manager put forward any change it is directly influence the employees.
BBC as a world leader in broadcasting serves their content all around the world so they have
diversity at the work. These people are from different religion, country and has various values
and ethics which they follow (Burrell and Morgan, 2017). To bring more productivity the
manager try to motivate the employees through fulfilling their desires. There is need of
delegation of authority to the people who are at the middle level so that they can attain all the
tasks in proper way.
To reduce the chances of disputes it is required that the power are assigned according to
the needs. Whatever the changes be it should not impact the culture and working environmnet of
the company in negative way. It is observed that it is the politics at the workplace which has to
be concerned out. This happens because of the self interest of the people so they take part in the
such activities. Although there are both side of these factors like positive and negative. It can be
analysed that this can bring motivation as well as demotivation among employees. This is the
elements which has most affected BBC as compared to other (CHEN and et. al., 2013). Those
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employees who are in power are taking decisions without consulting to the lower rank employees
which is creating conflicts. But at the same time the top level management also getting help in
taking effective decision which is increasing the participation of the staff.
Both the power and politics has same impact on the behaviour of the organisation. There
will be negative impacts if any difference is inequality in power and politics. To mould it
towards the positive side the management has to allocate power in better way through taking care
of the requirements.
By considering above information it has been analysed that power and culture have a
greater impact on a BBC because it aids in defining their company norms, policies, rules and
regulations which is followed by entire corporations while performing their business activities.
In fact it also motivate employees performing at workplace by conducting various improvement
sessions or events. Management of selected firm assist their staff members according to their
compny culture in order to maintain the environment of an association.
BBC all over the world has a image of bureaucratic by the workers who are part of this
and this was known through the reviews from them. Although BBC's current and past employees
appreciate the outstanding opportunities and the balance in the work life given to them while
working in BBC. The power culture of the organisation has been criticised from many people as
they states that the management and hierarchy at BBC are not good as lots of individuals remain
in the company too long making it difficult to get promoted. Earlier 10 years before things were
not so good as working hours were intolerable and there was no development of the staff.
M1.
If BBC follows a culture where they hire people from all backgrounds and those who
perform well are promoted thus this positively impact the attitude of the staff who is working for
BBC. This makes employees believes that they no discrimination is done in the work premises.
At the same time the employees will put more efforts.
Power can impact the behaviour of the employees as giving power to right person make
all the employees feels good. The leader will ensure that each and every person is allotted the
work according to the skills and capabilities they have. It can impact the behaviour in negative
manner also thus the person having power showing aggressiveness on the decision will decrease
the moral of the employees.
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Politics at the workplace negatively impact the firm and the employees because if
everyone will be involved in some kind of politics then each person will be focusing on the
personal goals rather than the organisational goals. At the workplace if the politics will be
included then there will be delay in the goals which has to be achieved and at the same time there
will also be wastage of resources.
TASK 2
(a) Content and process theories of motivation.
Motivation can be defined as the process or tool through which employees capabilities
and abilities can be enhanced so that they can perform in far more better way. To motivate the
employees it is necessary for them to know the desires and requirement of the staff. Certain
motivation theories can be used by the management of BBC to motivate people.
Maslow Need Hierarchy Theory: It states that there are five needs which a employee
desire for and these are needs which needs to be fulfilled to motivate the staff. Maslow's
Hierarchy of needs are as follows:-
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Illustration 2: Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs.

 Physiological Needs:- Food, shelter, clothing and etc. are some of the needs which are
required for the survival of human beings.
 Security and Safety Requirements:- It is the second needs which has to be fulfilled and
when they have the basic need they looks for the job security and the safety. Employees
will feel motivated managers provide them safe working environment and ensure that
their job security is maintained if they are performing well. With these financial stability,
safety are concerned.
 Social Needs:- This includes desire for love, acceptance, affection and belongingness and
includes the emotions relationship driving the motivation of the human behaviour.
 Esteem Needs:- Each person desire for appreciation and respect of the job which they are
doing from the company as well as the society (Wood and et. al., 2016). There has been a
separate department in BBC which ensures that no one is harassment or face any
discrimination as they treat their employees as potential asset.
 Self-Actualisation Needs:- This is the final stage of this model in which employees
looks to improve the life of others as they have gained whatever they wanted.
Herzberg Two Factor Theory:- According to this theory there are two factors i.e.,
Hygiene and motivational factors which can be used by the manager to motivate employees.
 Hygiene Factor:- These are components which are essential to satisfy the staff and it is
observed that when these factors are not present it has give negative outcomes. They are
extrinsic to the job itself and has to be managed properly. Job security, salary, benefits
are the example of this.
 Motivational Factors:- Motivational is the tool through which the company can make
their employee more effective and if the motivation level of the people will not be so high
then it will hamper the growth of the company (Chevallier and et. al., 2012).
Other theory which can be used is the process theory which can be used to increase the ability of
the employees so that they can play their role more effectively. This theory consists of
reinforcement, expectancy, equity and target setting.
Reinforcement Theory: It states that any staff who is working well should be give
reward which will boost their motivation level. On the other hand Expectancy theory briefs that
the motivational level of the people is dependent on the desirability of rewards which will be
issued for the better level of performance. In the equity theory the perception of the staff will be
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compared with other and directed to achieve goals and objectives. In the gaols setting the targets
will be used to analyse the performance of the person in a time period.
Content theory is also described as content theory as it is one of the oldest theory which
is related with the concept of motivation. It briefs about the reasons for motivating an individual
as it shows the necessities and requirements that is required to motivate an individual. On the
other hand process theory highlights certain behavioural patterns of individual in fulfilling their
needs and requirements.
Motivation can be defined as the reason for the individual's actions, desires and needs. It
is the one direction to behaviour that causes a person to want to repeat a behaviour.
Need theory also called as Three Needs Theory was given by David McClelland and
considered as motivational model that try to brief how the needs for achievement, power, and
affiliation impact the actions of individuals from a managerial context.
(b) Motivational techniques which can assist the company in improving their effectiveness of
team.
There are certain above mentioned theories which can be used by the managers of BBC
to motivate the staff so that they can easily reach to the targets.
Maslow Need Hierarchy theory can play a significant role in increasing the motivation.
Those people who are part of the BBC wants that their requirements and desire should be
fulfilled. But what are those requirement so for that this theory can be used and this model is also
simpler if it is used (Hashim and Wok, 2014).
Herzberg Two Factor theory can be applied to get confirmation of the fact there are no
loopholes present and staff are highly satisfied. Management ensure that they provide equal
opportunities to everyone to increase their performance.
Expectancy theory acknowledge about the expectation and desire that an employee have
from the organisation in which he is working (Hashim and Wok, 2014). To make them happy or
to bring more dedication in their work they can offer them certain bonus, incentives or any non
monetary reward. This will increase the moral and if this happens they will give best efforts to
make more customers. Following are the advantages with this:-
 Learning:- Through this individuals are learning and this is also increasing their work
efficiency.
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 Discipline:- With the learning there will come discipline in doing any work or in
conducting any activity. It is analysed that when the workers will be more motivated they
will be in discipline and will try to do their work in time (Odetunde, 2013).
 Productivity:- It is the motivated people who helps the company in creating a positive
environment at the workplace.
 Job Satisfaction:- Motivation comes only when any individual is satisfied from the job
they are doing. If they will not be satisfied or happy it would be difficult for them to
perform well.
Above mentioned theories have helped BBC in attaining their goals and objectives
because this has brought team effectiveness at BBC. By using Herzberg motivation hygiene
theory they have developed incentives system so that those who will be performing well will be
eligible for that and it showed its impact and team members showing their efforts in the work.
Through using Maslow's hierarchy of needs BBC management has analysed the personal and
professional needs of the employees and set the priority, according to it they have started
motivating their employees. By adopting Hawthorne effect BBC management has brought the
review system for the employees and each of them has been given the orders that they have to
perform well as their performance has been observed by the senior staff and team leaders.
(c) Contribution of Improved levels of motivation helping BBC in achieving goals.
The satisfaction level brings the motivation which will help BBC in reaching the targets
through increasing their work efficiency and the productivity. Following are the benefits and
contribution of motivation that are as follows:-
 Job Duties:- Through a motivated employee they can yield more profits as they will put
more efforts in attaining their goals and personal satisfaction. Whenever a individual is
satisfied they try to work more innovatively and easily able to handle difficult situation.
As the aim of the BBC is to provide world class quality content which can be achieved
through this only (Latham, 2012). To ensure that the employees understand and proper
functions their roles they use various motivation techniques.
 Volunteering:- There will be lack of participation of the employees if they are not
satisfied from the working environment. But on the other hand if they will be happy from
whatever they are getting they will give their full contribution in accomplishing the
business goals and targets (Ifinedo, 2012). The manager at BBC ensure that whatever
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operations they are promising should be completed in time so to do so they need to
analyse the motivation level of the staff.
 Customer Service:- This is the end result of having a motivated employees so they
wants that they should achieve the task which has been allotted to them. So they put their
effort to deliver credible content.
 Higher efficiency and effectiveness:- Those individuals who are motivated wants to do
their work on time. Thus hey get more time in doing other work because they have
created efficiency and are easily able to do more work in less period of time. This all will
improve their image in market and people and their TRP will go high.
M2.
I can use certain motivational theories depending on the situation on which I have to
apply on the teams. Motivated employees shows more efforts so it should be analysed that
motivation comes from the personal satisfaction which can be achieved through fulfilling the
person goals and desires of the employees who are part of BBC.
D1.
Each culture, politics, power and motivation can be linked to each other so that desired
results can be obtained through it. The management of BBC should ensure that the power to take
the power to take decision should be given to a person who has good background record and he
should ensure that no politics should be there at workplace only those who are working well
should be promoted.
TASK 3
(a) Identification of various types of teams in BBC.
If any person who is motivated and as certain experience then it will try to complete the
task which is given to them on time. Through this the team team building is necessary and here
the working comes. It is the process which can be adopted by the supervisors to make sure that
whatever tasks are done is completed effectively without facing any obstacles (Kazemipour and
Mohd Amin, 2012). So for that the management has formed various teams to deal with certain
situations.
 Problem Solving Teams:- It is one of the crucial team which is on the top of the
management. They are engaged in organisational audit and whatever problems are
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coming in between is resolved through using various techniques. This was formed
because there is always changes and variations in the trends so it is necessary to adapt
according to them. It was the year 2008 when the whole world faced the economic crisis
so to deal with that a management team was formed (Kazemipour and Mohd Amin,
2012).
 Virtual teams:- They not have any presence in physical environment and it can be said
that they are present all across the globe. To deliver to the world their content they have
appointed experts who are working in their field to report the news coming from the parts
of the world. They use digital technology for this purpose and they also use the satellites.
 Functional Teams:- They are the special team which was formed with a specific
function. This team comprises of the experts from various departments and try to
complete any operation with effectiveness (Latham, 2012). They organise a meeting and
discussion on the core issues is done and then a final conclusion is process of decision
making. After the approval from the managers things are implemented and they regularly
update the board members that what areas need improvement.
 Self Managed Teams:- They are the considered as the crucial team as it consist of the
employees and they play a crucial role in the decision making.
Apart from all the above team some other groups of or unit which is formed in an
association is mentioned below:- Quality team:- Employees involves in this group are liable for checking the quality of a
product or services offered by enterprise before delivering it to final user. As a result it
helps an organization from rejection . Production department:- These group are liable for manufacturing or designing unique
or impressive goods in order to satisfy their consumer need or demand . Along with this
they also produce products as per customer requirement.
 Sales team:- Their main objective is to grab the opportunities available at marketplace
for maximizing their company sales.
(b) Methods of making effective team in BBC.
There are various ways which can be adopted in the process of effective team building.
Tuckman model has been used to make sure that a better team is build which can yields positive
results. There are five stages in this process that are as follows:-
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Illustration 3: Tuckman (forming, norming, storming, performing).
 Forming:- It is the initial stage where any team is created and the people try to
understand each other who are part of the team. It is the stage where although people are
quiet and observes things happening around them.
 Storming:- It is analysed that this is the stage where conflicts and disputes arises
because now people try to communicate with each, they starts a conversation. There are
chances of clash of egos and interest among them (Wong, Wong and Ngo, 2012) .
 Norming:- This is the level where employees starts adopting things and put their efforts
to adapt in that environment where they have to perform with others. Whatever conflicts
has raised in the previous stage starts decreasing here and the issues are also sorted in
better way.
 Performing:- Now this is the stage where all the team members starts putting their
efforts to achieve the common goals and targets given to them (Odetunde, 2013). They
try to contribute efficiently so that all the things or activities are done in time so that
there is efficiency in the work.
 Adjourning:- This is the final stage where the team which has achieved the goals and
targets are breaks down and each of them goes to their personal paths. This is happening
because the purpose has been complete of forming a team and accomplishing the tasks.
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Through developing an effective team, the company can increase the motivation and
business productivity through effective teams. All the team members share their knowledge and
take responsibility for the team work. With the collaboration the teams can achieve more as
compare to the individual work. There are various characteristics of effective leadership that are
as follows:-
 Clear objectives
 Balanced Roles
 Effective Processes
 Better communication
 Support and Trust
 Mutual Understanding
 Ideal size
 Transparency in decision making
 Creativity
Tuckman theory on group development includes forming, storming, norming and
performing stages and these all stages are compulsory for teams as it helps them to grow, handle
difficult situations, find solutions for those issues and deliver better results. Through Tuckman
theory, teams in BBC can bring effectiveness in their working style and can produce better
outcomes. They can adopt coordinating behaviours, coaching, empowering and supporting
behaviour.
According to given scenario BBC failed in accomplishing demand of employees which
resulted in creation of ineffective team. Thus it is essential for managerial team to adopt various
appropriate theory such as; Tuckman which plays a major role in growth of a particular group. It
means an association may form an impressive or successful team by following strategy which is
designed by experience scholar.
M3.
Each team in BBC holds a certain value and significance so each of them should be given
equal opportunity. While framing teams it should be ensured that those candidates who will be
the part of team should be analysed whether they are suitable to work in those particular teams or
not.
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TASK 4
(a) Organisational theories which is used for improving team performance.
After the process of team building now it is time to make sure that team performs well
and have ability to attain the targets given to them. There are some areas which managers has to
focus to improve the performance of the team.
 The teams members have to organise workforce diversity training for the colleagues.
Those who are involved in the decision making have to work in proper manner. So
whatever problems they are facing regarding the cultural diversity will be resolved
through training process (Unsworth, Dmitrieva and Adriasola, 2013).
 Team leaders has to ensure that there is no communication gap between the employees
and management. For this they can build a common platform where the employees can
put forward their demands and requirement in front of the management. When such thing
will be there then new ideas will be generated and innovation will come.
 The manager needs to ensure that he or she sets the clear goals and objectives through
analysing it through a time table. They have to appoint certain people who can brief the
employees can what task they have to do and in what timings (Ramachandran and et. al.,
2011).
If BBC wants to ensure that they get effective outcomes they need to adopt Path goal theory.
This concept is totally focused on leadership styles and organisational behaviour. It is the
responsibility of the manager to choose an effective leadership style which is appropriate for the
BBC's working environment. It is analysed that they want to increase their viewership so they
need to put more efforts for longer period of time. With the path goal theory they can motivate
their employees which will productive effective results.
Path goal theory is a theory which focuses on effectiveness of leadership or behaviour in
organisation. It can be best for the employee and work environment so that all the goals and
targets can be achieved. The aim of this theory is to increase the motivation level of the
employees, empower them and brings satisfaction in them so that they can become productive
and contribute their efforts towards organisation goals.
The teams at BBC can improve their performance and productivity through determining
the characteristics of the team members and the workplace where they are working. Then
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afterwards a leadership style will be selected which will boost the of the employees. In this their
will be focus on the motivational factors that will assist the employees to get succeed.
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(b) Barriers that can impact the team performance.
It is observed that there are certain obstacles which can influence the team performance
in negative way. Following are those barriers:-
 In the list the top rank comes of poor communication as BBC working environment will
be hampered through misunderstanding (Thomson and Van Niekerk, 2012). This also
breaks the teams and each of them will not perform well.
 There should goals and objectives which they have to achieve as without the it no one
will be aware that what they have to do.
 The managers should be involved in each task performed by the teams as he is the person
who guides the employees that what path has to be followed.
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Illustration 4: Path-Goal Leadership Theory

 Lack of Preparation:- Manager at BBC needs time to prepare for a performance
appraisal. According to the certain skills and improvement resource site mind tools,
managers needs to spend time in reviewing the job duties of the staff and they will be
setting according to the human resource job description. They have to compare the staff
performance to their job duties and review past records to see whether there is any
progress towards the goals or not. Any lack of preparation by either side, or both sides
can lead to an ineffective review.
 Fail in the communication:- Whenever the message will be unclear or the receiver does
not understand any technological tool so this will impact the performance. So it is
necessary that selection of the right medium is important. This will also increase the cost
at the initial level.
Instead of all these above, various factors are identified which act as a barrier or obstacle
in team performance is highlighted underneath:-
 First and foremost factor which act as a major problem in success of a team is when an
individual are more interested in their personal work instead of work.
 When employees are not focussed or fully clear about their specific roles or obligation
which creates confusion between team members.
 Lack of coordination between employees or employers.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it can be analysed that with the organisational behaviour the
relationship between employees and management can be maintained. With proper strategies they
are able to interact and increase the motivational level of the employees. The management has to
ensure that all their employees are satisfied and organisational culture is maintained.
M4 & D2.
Whatever policies and concepts adopted directly or indirectly impacts the organisational
behaviour in both positive and negative way. For example; a new policy has been adopted by the
BBC that each journalist or reporter needs to have a twitter handle and should post at least a
tweet everyday. This might create a positive impact as the employees will get to learn new skills
and will adapt according to the new changing trends of journalism (Organisational culture,
2017). All the teams in an organisations holds key significance and has certain tasks to do so that
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the company can achieve their goals and objectives. But there are lots of factors which needs to
be taken care of while creating any team so they should put team development theories in context
along with the organisational behaviour. There might be chances that certain philosophies
adopted by the company can impact the behaviour in both positive and negative way. There are
some believes and values which organisation follow but if it is not according to the people who
are part of it then it will create a negative impression.
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