Organisational Behaviour: Influence of Politics, Power, and Culture on Performance and Behaviour

This report explores the influence of politics, power, and culture on team and individual performance and behaviour in an organization. It also assesses how process and content theory of motivation and techniques enable effective goal attainment. Additionally, it describes the characteristics of an effective team compared to an ineffective team.

Organisational
Behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK1.............................................................................................................................................1
P1. Examine how an organisation's politics, power and culture influence team and individual
performance and behaviour. .......................................................................................................1
TASK2.............................................................................................................................................4
P2. Assess how process and content theory of motivation and techniques enables effective
attainment of goals in terms of organisation. .............................................................................4
TASK3.............................................................................................................................................6
P3. Describe what makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team. ......................6
TASK4.............................................................................................................................................8
P4. Apply philosophies and concepts of organisational behaviour in terms of respective
company and in given situation. .................................................................................................8
Reflection: ...............................................................................................................................10
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Organisation Behaviour is define as application and study of knowledge about behaviour
of human which relates to other elements of organisation like technologies, system and structure.
It is also known as branch of social science which seeks to maintain theory which applies for
understanding, predicting and controlling the behaviour in enterprise (Griffin and et. al., 2020).
Generally it is related to understanding behaviour of team members who performs various roles
and their contribution which helps organisation to become successful.
In this report, Google UK Ltd. Is considered, it offers web based services of business. It
is company which provide web based search engine and advertising program which involves
many options like image, directory, web and searches. This type of organisation serves its
customers worldwide.
Furthermore, this report also includes information about how an organisation's politics,
power and culture influence behaviour of team member. It also includes various theories and
techniques of motivation by involving difference between ineffective and effective teams. There
are also various philosophies of organisational behaviour in organisation which are discussed in
the report.
TASK1
P1. Examine how an organisation's politics, power and culture influence team and individual
performance and behaviour.
Concept of organisation Behaviour provide understanding about the behaviour and
performance of employees at work which helps company for develop understanding which helps
in motivating employees which helps in increase their work performance. It also helps
organisation to establish trust and strong relationship with their staff members. There are three
major factors which influence behaviour and performance of individual in organisation such as
power, politics and culture (Miao and et. al., 2020). It is very important for director and
managers of Google UK Ltd. To study these all factors which helps in formulating the proper
strategy for improving efficiency of work. These factors are describe below:
Culture: Organisational Culture is defined as personality of company which involves
norms, values, tangible signs of team members, assumptions and behaviour of individual at work
place. It leads to great impact on behaviour and performance of individual in company. In terms
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of Google UK Ltd. There is corporate culture which refers to customs, tradition and ideas which
influence behaviours of employees (Balwant, 2018). This culture motivates employees as by
sharing information which supports innovations. With help of Handy's Four class culture helps
for understanding the impact of culture on employees of Google UK Ltd.
Handy's Four class of culture Power culture: In this type, mainly focuses on key decision makers. It mainly includes
some individual which have power with them whose influence is spread overall
organisation. There are regulations and rules in this culture that with whom the power is
spread they decides for overall functioning of company. In this power culture, individuals
are mainly judge by their achievements rather than how they are functioning. In terms of
Google UK Ltd, there is source of strength which highlights core control. There are few
procedures or rules and competitive atmosphere which is oriented on power. Role culture: When this type of culture is followed by organisation it is based on rules
which are highly controlled with every member of organisation which have their own
responsibilities and roles. In a role culture, power highlights the role or position of person
in company. In terms of respective company, cultural role plays a vital role, as work of
enterprise is controlled by regulations and procedures. Job description or role is very
important than individuals who fill positions. Task culture: This type of culture mainly forms in terms for addressing task or problem.
As task is very important in every organisation which leads to power of task which may
shift according to position of project, task or problem. This type of culture influence the
team member for work in effective manner for gaining position or power in teams. In
context of Google UK Ltd, the goal of company is to recruit right people and assign them
for doing the job. The influence of this culture is mainly based on strength of experts
rather than personal position or strength (Barbaranelli and et. al., 2019).
 Person culture: In every organisation, individual are see themselves as superior and
innovative in organisation. In this, there is simply existence for complete their work or
task from team. This cultures helps in improving the performance of company as well as
employees. In regards of respective company, individual is considered as main point,
enterprise only serve individual in it.
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Power: This refers to ability in individual for influence other people and their actions. It defines
capabilities of candidates for influence behaviour and work of other individual in enterprise. For
understanding the Power Google UK Ltd, can use French and Raven's power types which are
describe below:
French and Raven's Power types: Coercive power: This mainly includes force somebody to do something for which they
are not interested. This generally attain by able for punish individual for non compliance.
This type of power should not used by Google UK Ltd, as it effects the behaviour of
individual in company which leads to negative impacts on it. Reward power: This type of power includes provide benefits to individual for doing
something extra or company. This helps in influencing individual at work place as they
are doing hard work for organisation so this leads to advantage of power. Google UK
Ltd, use this reward power for motivating their employees to work in effective and
efficient manner (Khan and et. al., 2019). Expert power: This type of mainly includes experience of individual, their skills,
competence and expertise which helps in making trust and also influence others. In terms
of respective company, experts analyse their company which helps in improvement of
work efficiency. Legitimate power: This type mainly includes form of set or position which leads to
formal relationship. This type of power mainly includes in leaders in elected officials and
hierarchies. Individuals are influenced by this power as they have to follow regulations
and rules. In Google UK Ltd, this type of power can control the performance and
productivity of their employees at work place. Referent power: This type of power in mainly based on respected and likes of an
individual by other team members which is done by attraction or value. This power is
influencing behaviour of other team members.
 Information power: In this it based on capabilities for controlling flow of information
which helps in completion of task. It mainly derives from confidential information which
others not have any knowledge (Arslan and Roudaki, 2019).
Politics: Organisational politics is defined as set of activities which are associated in
decision-making in groups or form of power in relation between individual like distribution of
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status or resources. It refers to use of individual which involves authority and powers. In
company organisation culture may be negative or positive. In terms of Google UK Ltd, there is
positive politics at organisation which helps in maintaining a cheap environment which ensures
better relationship between management and staff. On other hand, negative politics enhancing
staff and reducing moral of employees.
TASK2
P2. Assess how process and content theory of motivation and techniques enables effective
attainment of goals in terms of organisation.
Motivation is defined as process which guides, initiates and maintains behaviours which
leads to goal oriented. It includes emotional, biological, cognitive and social forces which
activate behaviour of individual (Perreira, Berta and Herbert, 2018). There are many theory are
included which helps in effective attainment of goals. In terms of Google UK Ltd, Process
Theory is discuss below:
Process Theory of Motivation: This theory is refers to system of ideas that explains how
an organisation develops and changes. There are many factors which determine degree of effort,
modification of efforts, continuation of effort and so on. There are many theories include in this
one of them is discuss below in context of Google UK Ltd.
Expectancy Theory: This theory is considered as most effective and important study of
motivation. It mainly highlights as motivation is decision making process which is helpful in
evaluation of efforts for outcome. This theory is proposed by Victor Vroom in 1964, he defines
motivation as process of getting choices among various voluntary activities which is controlled
by individual. This theory mainly have three components: Expectancy: This element mainly involves that one's effort which have outcome in
attainment of desired performance goals. This component is mainly based on past
experience of individual which have self confidence and have perceived difficultly in
attainment of goal. Instrumentality: This component mainly beliefs about ability which helps in performing
expectations when it is met. This type of reward is pay in itself in form of promotion, pay
increase, sense of accomplishment.
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 Valence: This element mainly involves the value of candidate places on reward of result
which mainly based on their goals, values, needs and motivation source.
Content Theory: This theory mainly reflects on “whats” of motivation. This mainly
focus on different things that individual feel as their desires in their lives. Theory implies
individual's motivation is based on attaining things that they have need. There are many theories
which is involves in content theory one of them is discuss below:
Alderfer's ERG Theory: This theory of motivation builds on need hierarchy theory of
Maslow which states human needs & desires having three core types of needs such as Existence,
Relatedness and Growth. These needs are considered as there are different needs of individual at
different levels and their importance for individual may vary over time. Physiological needs or
existence needs are at on top base (Solomon and Brown, 2020). This involves needs like drink,
shelter and safety. After this there is relatedness needs that have to be connected with groups and
individual. These type of needs are fulfil by maintaining and establishing relationship which
leads to positive aspect for organisation. At main top of need hierarchy growth needs which is
self actualisation and personal achievement of needs are considered.
Techniques of Motivation:
There are various techniques of motivation in terms of Google UK Ltd, which is
discussed below: Financial Incentives: In this technique, money is considered as indicator of success. So
this method is useful for fulfil status and psychological needs which satisfy their desires
by money. Job enlargement: In this method, task which is assigned in job are enhance by adding
same task. So this technique have high scope for motivate subordinates. Job enrichment: This technique is considered as most meaningful and challenging as it
includes growth opportunities and increase in responsibilities.
 Job rotation: This method of motivation involves shifting of individual from one job to
another. It helps for developing competency in various job which leads to development of
employees.
In terms of Google UK Ltd, manager and leaders use many theories and techniques
which helps in motivation of employees and productivity of organisation is increase.
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TASK3
P3. Describe what makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team.
Team is refers as group of persons who come together with motive of attainment of goals
effectively and efficiently. There is a coordination between all team members which are
interdependent in regards to resources, skills, information which can pursue their efforts for
achievement of common goals (Blackstock Salami and Cummings, 2018). There are various
types of teams are involved in company which are detailed below:
Types of teams: Self managed team: These teams generally concerned with group of individual of team
who are working in integrated and collaborative way because are are not working under
any formal superior. Individual of team are work with coordination with each other by
defining distribution of task, responsibilities which in terms for making decision and
supervising themselves. Functional team: In this, all team members generally belongs to same functional area
and they have to coordinate with one team leader. In this type of teams, manager and
leader of organisation have to fulfil task by performing day to day functions and activities
which are according to their knowledge and skills.
 Cross functional team: In this type of team, there is different types of members are
involved of distinct departments that is to be performed in particular tasks by different
expertise and inputs. This type of team generally form for fulfilling specific tasks within
time limits.
Effective Team: This type of team mainly made with clear goals that must be achieved in
specific manner. This leads to enhancement of employee motivation and productivity.
Ineffective Team: This team involves with stink of negative competition, distrust, unfocused
and conflicts. These conditions leads to poor communication, frustration, intolerance and high
absenteeism.
Basis Effective Team Ineffective Team
Fundamental goals The goal of effective team is
task which are give to team
members are well accepted
In ineffective team, it is
difficult for team members to
understand what objectives are
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and understood by all
members of company.
task are given to them.
Conflict resolution In organisation, when there is
disagreement between team
members they communicate
with each others and when
there is no sign it leads to
conflict between team
members.
When there is disagreement
between teams it become open
warfare and this leads to
suppression of leader.
Resolution can be done by
having majority of vote.
Leadership The leader of effective team
not dominate any type of
dictatorship on team members.
In this, leader or chairperson
enjoys leadership by sitting on
head of table.
Tucksman's Team Development Model: This type of model is introduced by Dr. Bruce
Tuckman in 1965. It involves four phases- Forming, storming, Norming and performing. This
model explain about maturity of development in teams, establishment of relationship and any
changes in leadership styles. In terms of Google UK Ltd, these phases are defined below: Forming: In this stage, team members are very much depends on direction and guidance
of leader or manager. Roles and responsibilities are not clear to individuals of company.
In this step, team is made and task is given to individual according to their knowledge
and skills. In terms of respective company, manager or leaders guides and direct their
staff members and answer them about purpose and objectives of organisation. Storming: In this phase, individual see themselves as part of team. In this, individual
challenge each other about task that in what manner team is working and completion of
tasks. This situation leads to conflicts between candidates of team. This results in loss of
performance of task. In respective company, managers and leaders should use certain
skills and knowledge for resolution of conflicts and any type of uncomfortably between
team members (Obeidat and et. al., 2018). Norming: After storming phase, now norming phase starts. In this, coordination between
team members are made by follow certain values and rules in which they have to work.
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This phase is considered as ideal step, this involves build of trusts among team members
as they are agreeing involvement with each others. In percepts of company, manager or
leader should allow their staff members in decision making process which may leads to
employees work with freedom and comfort.
 Performing: This stage is last phase of Tucksman theory. In this stage team members
generally concentrate on attainment of goals and objectives. In this, strategic awareness
among staff members is increased by having clear vision about what is team doing and
why they are doing. In terms of company, manager should allow their team members by
performing their task own which leads to effectiveness in results.
There is cooperation between team members of Google UK Ltd, as company is using
Tucksman development model. By using this model, company motivates their employees
by providing them proper training and development facilities which leads to encouragement
between them for performing certain tasks. As according to model, when one phase is completed
next one is start. So there is benefit from every stage which leads to achievement of
organisational goals in effective manner (Roberts, Sojo and Grant, 2020).
TASK4
P4. Apply philosophies and concepts of organisational behaviour in terms of respective company
and in given situation.
Organisation Behaviour refers to study of behaviour of individual for setting organisation
which helps in attachment of human resources and company itself. It is related to examine the
behaviour of employee as how they are act and react according to particular situation in company
(Grobler and Rensburg, 2019). There are various concepts and philosophies of organisational
behaviour for finding solution in terms of Google UK Ltd.
Situation Covid-19: As due to pandemic situation standard of living of people including
their shopping behaviour and consumption of them. Generally people are using online platform
this company is leads to increase in their performance level. As due to social distancing and age
restrictions, wants of consumers are also involved in it. With help of Path Goal Theory this
situation is solved which is discussed below:
Path Goal Theory: This method is defined as process which mainly selects by leaders in
particular behaviour which best suits to desires of employees and their working environment. So
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by this they have to guide their employees on their path among their work activities. The goal of
this theory is enhancement of employees motivation, empowerment and satisfaction to their
employee members so that team member works in productive manner. This theory mainly
identifies four styles such as directive, achievement oriented, participative and supportive leader
behaviour. These steps are describe below: Directive: In this style, leaders and managers have responsibility for inform their team
members in such manner that what expect organisation from them by informing them all
activities by giving them proper scheduling, task and coordination & cooperation of
work. In terms of Google UK Ltd, superior of firm have to direct their staff members for
dealing in pandemic situation by providing them clear guidelines on standard
performance and what is the expectation of organisation from them. This results in
reduction of confusion and conflicts between subordinates. Supportive: In this step, leader of company perform good environment by showing
concern for employees by giving them friendly environment or by being approachable.
This phase is considered as most effective because tasks and relationship are physically
& psychologically challenge for them. In terms of respective company, due to pandemic
managers or leaders of organisation have to support lower level management by offering
them special reward system or incentives. Participative: By this theory, there is participation of staff member in decision making
process. They have to concern with their subordinates for implement the decision. This
can be attain by involvement of employees in activities according to their training. In
terms of Google UK Ltd, as this is software company which involves highly skilled
individuals so leader give proper knowledge about firm which results in proper
performance and productivity of employees as well as company (Hosseini, Barzoki and
Isfahani, 2018).
 Achievement: This stage is last stage of Path Goal theory, which is based on set the
objectives and motivate team members for attainment of these objectives or goals.
Leaders organise challenging goals for their candidates with aim of expecting high level
of performance from them and also motivate them for meeting these expectations. This
style is considered as most effective in work environment of professional as regard to
company such as scientific, technical and many more.
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Reflection:
As from above report I have understand about organisation behaviour in terms of
influence of politics, power and culture by understanding different types of culture from Handy's
Four class of culture and French & Raven's types of power in Google UK Ltd. I have also study
many theories and techniques of motivation which is helpful in motivate individuals and team
which is helpful in achievement of goals. I have also understand difference between effective
and ineffective team by analysing different types of teams and Tcuksman Team Development
theory. There is also understand about Path Goal Theory which is helpful in Covid-19 situation.
With help of this theory, it is helpful for company for achievement of goals in effective manner. I
have also studied about effective and ineffective team. In terms of effective team all goals and
objectives in certain manner and there is different leaders for which subordinates have to answer
them. On other hand, ineffective teams there is conflict and grievances between employees of
team as they are not agree or coordination between staff members.
CONCLUSION
From above report, it is concluded as organisation behaviour is a process which identifies
behaviour of individual at workplace for attainment of goals and objectives. In an organisation
there are various types of culture which can be understand by Handy's Four class of culture. In
addition politics and power are also included. Power in organisation is understand by various
types of power of French and Raven's types. Furthermore, it also involves content and process
theory & various techniques of motivation which helps in attainment of organisational
performance. Moreover it also involves various types of team by including effective and
ineffective teams which are analyse by Tucksman's Team development Theory. At last,
philosophies and techniques are identified with help of Path Goal Theory.
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REFERENCES
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context: Lessons from organisational behaviour. Journal of Further and Higher
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727.
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Mediating Mechanism of Reflective Moral Attentiveness. Applied Psychology. 69(3).
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