Organisational Behaviour Report

This report analyzes organizational behavior in 4Com Plc., a leading telecommunications company in the UK. It examines the impact of culture, politics, and power on employee behavior, explores motivational theories, differentiates between effective and ineffective teams, and discusses the application of Path Goal Theory in leadership.

ORGANISATIONAL
BEHAVIOUR
Contents

INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1 Organisation’s culture, politics and power influence individual and team behaviour and
performance.................................................................................................................................1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
P2 Content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques enable effective
achievement of goals...................................................................................................................4
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................6
P3 Effective team as opposed to an ineffective team..................................................................6
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................9
P4 Application of concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour.................................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Organisational behaviour includes different kinds of management activities which are
majorly related to understanding, making prediction and having the capability of influencing
other within the company (Coccia, 2014). Therefore, most of the firm apply organisational
behaviour in order to understand the behaviour of employees whether they are comfortable in
performing their activities. 4Com Plc., is the company which is taken in this assignment which
comes under one of the leading firm in the sector of telecommunications in United Kingdom.
Therefore, since the time company was established in the year around 1999, they are providing
better services and facilities to its customers and their employees are helping them in doing so.
This assignment will throw light on the factors that influence the behaviour of an
individual such as culture, power and politics in relation with the selected company. Apart from
this, various motivational theories are mentioned which can be implemented by leaders and
managers. Other than this, concept and philosophies related to organisational behaviour as per
different situations are being explained.
TASK 1
P1 Organisation’s culture, politics and power influence individual and team behaviour and
performance
Organisational behaviour followed by a firm helps them in understanding the impact of
culture and nature on employees who are working within the organisation. Thus, it can be said
that organisational behaviour has both positive and negative effect because of which it is a cause
and effect relationship (Kitchin, 2017). Therefore, whatever findings are gained through
organisational behaviour can be used so as to have better understanding of employees about their
behaviour.
Henceforth, it is crucial that company maintains a coordination between culture, politics
and power so that business can be run in an effective manner.
Culture: Different companies have their own culture which they follow in order to do
their activities properly. In general terms, organisational culture is when where people share
values, beliefs and assumptions. Thus, with the help of organisational behaviour company try to
bring control over activities so that better environment can be maintained. Culture can be divided
into four segments and these are explained below for better understanding:
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Power Culture: In a company powers remains in the hands of limited people who are
capable of influencing the behaviour of other individuals (Gabriel and et. al., 2015). Power
culture enable company in taking quick decisions for their organisation so that effective results
can be gained. In 4Com Plc., power culture revolves majorly around managers and leaders as
they assign roles and responsibilities and show appropriate path to workers so that they can attain
goals and objectives in speculated time frame. Having power and maintaining the same is a
tough task to do employees can develop a sense of hatred if decision are not according to the
needs and requirements.
Role Culture: This is generally based on rules and regulations as the name suggest role
which means a particular person holds a position within the organisation and he/she has the
power of taking any kind of decision. Role are basically defined according to the structure
company follows. For example: in 4com Plc., managers' role is to assign roles and
responsibilities according to the capabilities so that targets can be achieved in an effective
manner. Role culture is likely to be effective where there is stable working environment.
Task Culture: In an organisation every individual have their own task to perform thus, it
can be said that task culture has to basically deal with project and work that are assigned by
superiors (Wilkinson and et. al., 2014). Basically, for doing this company requires a team for
example: 4Com Plc., is dealing with the problem of developing a new software so for this task
superiors will assign best software developer team sin order to get effective results in a limited
period of time.
Person Culture: This kind of culture is basically found in professional partnership and
people who are engaged in this tend to believe that they are superiors than others. Person culture
can be seen in limited person who are specialist and thinks that they are important to organisation
such as IT technicians, software developer etc., In context with 4Com Plc., this kind of culture
can puts a negative impact on an individual.
Henceforth, from all the above mentioned culture 4Com Plc., has adopted task culture
and in this workers are provided work according to the skills and knowledge they have acquired
so that better workplace environment can be maintained.
Power: Power is enjoyed by a person who has the capability of influencing other
individual in regards to thoughts, feeling and behaviour. Thus, power can be divided into four
segments which are stated below for better understanding (Burrell and Morgan, 2017).
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Legitimate Power: this is the power which comes along with position and role which is
being played by an individual. For example: a person who is in a superior position like boss,
he/she allot the task that can be achieved in a speculated time frame. Along with this, superiors
have the power of setting deadlines for the project under which employees have to do the task.
Rewards power: this is the basic factor which always boosts the morale of an individual
and it can be given in the form of monetary and non-monetary (Norton, Zacher and Ashkanasy,
2014). In relation with 4Com Plc., while giving rewards they includes promotions.
Compensation etc., Other than this, managers of the company motivates its employees on a
regular basis so that it can develop a sense of belongingness towards the organisation.
Coercive Power: This is just opposite of reward power because in this managers or
superiors forcefully get their work done either by punishment or by fear. For instance: in relation
with 4Com Plc., during the peak season when there is a need of extra working superiors can
order their employees to work extra or the consequences can be different such as terminating
from the job.
Expert power: In an organisation there are experts who are specialist and have
appropriate knowledge about specific topic or thing. In 4Com Plc., these expertise provides
effective solutions so that company can resolve their problem in a speculated time frame.
Therefore, in the firm they have budget experts who in every financial year formulate a budget
plan so that activities can be done in an effective manner (Bester, Stander and Van Zyl, 2015).
Politics: This is always linked with negative factor but not every things that are included
in this can be taken as a negative element. For instance: politics can be used for making certain
decision that can be beneficial for the organisation. In 4Com Plc., there are some employees who
do backstabbing, spread rumours about people, etc., which should be considered by the
management because this can further harm the functioning of business activities within the
organisation. Despite of all this work place politics can be favourable as through this company
can establish better connection with the employees. Therefore, it is crucial that superiors of the
company use strategies through which better working environment can be provided to the
workers. As a result, this will aid firm in delivering effective services and facilities to its
customers which will further assist them in retaining their loyal consumers for a longer period of
time.
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TASK 2
P2 Content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques enable effective
achievement of goals
Maslow's Theory: This theory is based on the human nature and behaviour with regards
to the needs and requirements that are necessary for living their life (Mitchell and Schmitz,
2014). Maslow Theory is represented in a hierarchical chart which is categorised according to
needs and wants. Therefore, five stages of this are explained below for having better
understanding.
Physiological needs: This is the basic requirement which needs to be considered first and
it stands at the bottom of the pyramid. Physiological needs include certain elements such as food,
shelter, water and sleep. Thus, it is prime role of companies to consider all these factors because
if these needs are not fulfilled than there might be a possibility that workers don’t perform their
task effectively. Therefore, here it is prime responsibility of HR manager to identify basic
requirements so that it can be provided to employees so as to encourage them for achieving goals
and objectives in a speculated time frame (Maslow Hierarchy Theory, 2018.).
Safety Needs: This is the second stage that comes after physiological needs as if a person
is working in an organisation that he/she expects that some sort of security is being provided by
the company. Thus, in relation with 4Com Plc., they have safety measures like health facilities,
safety of income etc., therefore, it will keep the workers motivated and create a sense of feeling
towards the organisation. As a result, company's performance will be increased in a speculated
time frame.
Social needs: Man is a social animal and they requires love, affection, friendship etc., As
per Maslow theory, if worker are given appropriate environment than workers can feel
encouraged. Thus, environment at workplace determines the inter-relationship between
employees like whether workers are happy while working for a common goal. Therefore, this
action will ultimately improves the capability and efficiency of the firm (Carlos Pinho, Paula
Rodrigues and Dibb, 2014).
Esteem needs: Every individual aspire for respect for whatever work he/she is doing any
kind of activity. Thus, esteem needs depends upon the values, norms, respects which plays an
important role in an individual's life. Therefore, managers of 4Com Plc., are boosting the morale
of workers by providing rewards in the form of monetary and non-monitory. Other than this, to
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their valuable employees who are doing best in their jobs are provided with rewards and
compensations.
Self-actualization needs: This is determined as the last stage that shows that after
fulfilment of the basic human needs company tries to encourage and enhance the potentiality of
an individual so that they can perform the task in an effective manner. Thus, self-actualization
needs assist a person in developing their interest in order to gain goals and objectives under
speculated time frame (Lee, Kesebir and Pillutla, 2016).
Vroom's Expectancy theory: This theory is related with the choices an individual make while
doing an action. Basically, main motive of this theory is to encourage workers with their own
actions so that they can be motivated for performing even better in their activities. Vroom’s
Expectancy theory is based on three components and these are explained below:
Expectancy: This is based on the expectancy of an individual in terms of their
performance like if they will show more efforts while doing any kind of task than they will get
successful. Thus, this motivates them in putting their all hard work so as to attain set targets and
objectives.
Instrumentality: This is related to how a company achieve its goals and objectives so
that they can be rewarded. Therefore, workers are motivated in such a way that if they will
perform better than they will be rewarded and given recognition for their action and activities.
Thus, with the help of this performance level of an individual is maximised so that better
outcomes can be get in return in a speculated time frame (Goffee and Scase, 2015).
Valence: Through this behaviour of an individual is perceived by determining how much
value is being given by a person for the received rewards. Thus, it is crucial that manger of the
4Com Plc., give rewards that are satisfactory and according to the performance of an individual.
This will not only motivate the worker but also create a sense of giving maximum to its company
so that better results can be gained.
In context with 4Com Plc., Maslow Hierarchy theory is being used in order to encourage
its employees because this theory provides a clear view about the basic needs and requirements
of an individual that are to be provided so as to get effective results in return. Thus, by providing
all these facilities company can retain its valuable employees for a longer period of time.
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TASK 3
P3 Effective team as opposed to an ineffective team
Effective team: While performing a set of action it is required that company have an
effective team which is capable of performing entire task in an appropriate manner (Tangaraja
and et. al., 2015). An effective team includes members who are good in skills and ability and
know how to do their actions in difficult situations as well. In relation with 4Com Plc., they have
good team of communication process that look after the issues and queries that customers are
facing. Other than this, their productive team show support and express their views and thoughts
for improving its facilities and services.
Ineffective team: Members who are included in this team are unorganized and take work
casually. Members who are involved in ineffective team are don't realise the responsibilities and
the need of attaining goals and objectives. Because of the difference in thoughts their discussion
never comes to an end.
Therefore, in terms of 4Com Plc., company has an effective team which perform their
task with mutual understanding and consider all the views and thoughts of every person who
shows active participation in a team (Sawang, Parker and Hine, 2016). Other than this, they share
their views and thoughts in order to accomplish the task in an effective manner without any
complications. Furthermore, this can be understood with the help of Belbin team role model
which is explained below:
Action Oriented
Shaper: Before starting of an activity it is important that team analyse and then perform
the action. Thus, shaper is considered as the one who take initiative for making any kind of
change and further takes the same as a challenge. Therefore, for 4Com Plc., these kind of people
tend to find out new approaches through which problems can be solved.
Implementer: For attaining success there is a requirement that the entire tasks are being
done in a systematic manner. Thus, implementer is the one who ensure that ideas and thought are
converted into actions. They are somewhat organised while doing any kind of activities and they
make sure that their work is being carried out in a proper manner.
Completer-Finisher: In order to get effective results it is crucial that projects are looked
after thoroughly so as to ensure that errors and issues are given prior attention (Davies, 2016).
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Thus, in context with 4Com Plc., Complete finisher lookout for the activities so as to ensure that
task is being completed right on time.
People oriented
Coordinator: While working in a team coordination plays a crucial role because it is the
key of accomplishing the task in an effective manner. Thus, in relation with 4Com Plc., a
coordinator guide its team members in such as way that all goals and objectives are perceived
under speculated time period. Coordinator is determined as good listeners because for
appropriate results it is important that a coordinator consider view points of other as well
(Lozano, Ceulemans and Seatter, 2015).
Team worker: This is an important part while performing any activity because they
provide support to each member in order to complete the work in an efficient manner. Thus, in a
team they are the one who are capable of performing assigned roles and responsibilities.
Therefore, in relation with 4Com Plc., they have an effective team which provides better
outcomes to the organisation.
Resource Investigator: They are the one who are innovator and curious for identifying
new and innovative ways for accomplishing the task. In context with 4Com Plc., resource
investigator explore options which are available which can be further used for carrying out the
action.
Thought oriented Roles: Members who are indulging in this first analyse various situations and
on the basis of this make their opinions. Thus, it can be said that they have great knowledge and
think twice before making any kind of decision (Coccia, 2014). Therefore, elements that are
included in this are mentioned below for better understanding:
Plant: They are creative and every time come up with new and innovative ideas but most
of the time these people prefer work alone apart from the team. There might be a possibility that
they are not so good in communication and can avoid provided parameters.
Monitor and evaluator: While doing an activity it is crucial that performances are
monitored on a regular basis so that pros and cons can be analysed and effective steps can be
taken in return.
Specialist: In every company there are specialists who are skilled enough in providing
advices to team members. Other than this, they are very helpful in providing appropriate
guidance for formulating strategies and action plan (Kitchin, 2017).
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Henceforth, on the basis of above mentioned theory of effective team building
differences are done and these are mentioned below:
Difference between Effective and Ineffective team
Basis Effective Team Ineffective Team
Goals In an effective team goals and
objectives are clear and on the basis
of this roles and responsibilities are
assigned. Thus, all the members are
focussed on performing their task
properly.
In this goals are assigned forcefully
and tend to believe that work will be
get done by the team.
Interdependence In this for accomplishing the task all
the members are interdependent on
each other in order to complete the
work effectively.
As there is no mutual understanding
thus, team members of ineffective
team does not depend upon one
another for doing any kind of work.
Communication In an effective team, process of two
way communication is used so that
every individual have clear and cut
message about the task they have to
perform.
In effective does not use effective
communication system because of
which no proper interaction can be
seen (Gabriel and et. al., 2015).
Participation
and Leadership
Combined participation can be seen
in this due to which goals and
objectives can be achieved in
speculated time frame.
Members of ineffective team do not
show any initiative for performing
activity.
From above discussion it is concluded that for 4Com Plc, have an effective team which is
productive as well. They include all its team members in different activities which help in
developing mutual understanding between them.
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TASK 4
P4 Application of concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour
Organisational behaviour depends upon certain fundamentals which are basically
implemented by organisation for enhancing performance level (Wilkinson and et. al., 2014). In
addition to this, to provide effective environment it is crucial that superiors knows issues and
problems which is putting any kind of impact on the performance of a company.
Path goal theory
A leader in a team plays a crucial role as team needs guidance in order to perform their
task in an effective manner. Leaders show the correct path so that goals and objectives can be
achieved in a speculated time period and in an appropriate way as well. Path goal theory is
generally used by leaders so as to motivate and encourage team members so that whatever
shortcomings are there it can be resolved. Thus, in this can be determined as an appropriate way
for enchaining and improving working environment and organisational behaviour as well.
Furthermore, path goal theory can be classified into three segments leaders behaviour,
contingency factor and attitudes of subordinates. In terms of 4Com Plc, company with the help
of this theory is bringing a positive change in the environment of workplace and organisational
behaviour. A better outcomes can be possibly achieved when theories are implemented in a
better manner and on a regular basis the theory is checked and evaluated. Therefore, there are
few steps that are to be looked after by the leaders so that Path goal theory can be implemented
properly (Burrell and Morgan, 2017).
Leader's behaviour: A leader has to be adjustable to every situation so that in every
situation they can be able to perform their task. Along with this they should be able to make
understand the activities their team mates are to be performed. Further it can be classified into
four different categories and these are explained below for better understanding:
Directive: Under this stage, both leaders and managers give proper guidance to team
members and employees who are working within the organisation so that they can perform their
task in an effective manner.
Supportive: Employees can give their best performance if leaders and managers are
supportive in nature. Thus, in relation with 4Com Plc., both managers and leaders listen to the
issues and problems if any of the worker is facing while doing their job within the organisation.
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Participative: In 4Com Plc, managers and leaders while taking any kind of decision
includes their employees and consider their views and thoughts in order to take proper decision.
This further assist in establishing a better working environment at workplace (Norton, Zacher
and Ashkanasy, 2014).
Achievement: trust is the biggest factor which should be there in a team because this will
further help a team in achieving their set goals and targets. Therefore, employees of 4Comp Plc.,
have good mutual understanding and agree to work in collaboration for a common goal.
Different situations: Both managers and leaders play their different role according to the
situations therefore, some of the situations are mentioned below in order to understand the same
in an effective an manner.
Unclear goals: If leaders doesn't communicate with their team members properly than a
situation of unclear goals can be raised. As a result, it will create a chaos between team members
of how to perform any work so that goals and objectives can be achieved.
Poor Communication: In an organisation it is necessary that transparency is maintained
so that situation of confusion can be reduced. Thus, 4Com Plc., while interacting with its
employees they are using effective tools and technologies for communicating message in a better
manner (Bester, Stander and Van Zyl, 2015).
CONCLUSION
From the above report, it can be concluded that in order to know the nature and behaviour
of an individual organisational behaviour plays a crucial role as it assist firm in understanding
the needs and requirements of employees. For instance: whether employees are comfortable in
working in this environment. Therefore, different theories such as Maslow and Herzberg that can
be used by leaders and mangers for maintaining effective working environment is mentioned in
this assignment.
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