Motivational techniques for effective team behaviour

Organisational Behaviour Organisational Behaviour 1 INTRODUCTION 1 TASK 11 P1 Organisation’s culture, politics and power influence individual and team behaviour and performance.1 TASK 22 P2 Content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques enable effective achievement of goals2 M1 7 M2 7 D1 7 TASK 37 P3 Explain what makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team. 7 M3 9 TASK 49 P4 Apply concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour9 M4

Organisational Behaviour

Table of Contents
Organisational Behaviour.............................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1 Organisation’s culture, politics and power influence individual and team behaviour and
performance.................................................................................................................................1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................2
P2 Content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques enable effective
achievement of goals...................................................................................................................2
M1 ..............................................................................................................................................7
M2 ..............................................................................................................................................7
D1.....................................................................................................................................................7
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................7
P3 Explain what makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team............................7
M3 ..............................................................................................................................................9
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................9
P4 Apply concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour..............................................9
M4 ............................................................................................................................................12
D2 .............................................................................................................................................12
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Organizational behaviour refers to the study of human behaviour within an organization.
Its about interaction of people in a group in a certain organization and organization itself. The
major objective of organization behaviour study is to determine the influence of job structure,
performance, communication, motivations, Leadership and so on. The managers and leaders of a
firm can accomplish the goals and objectives of company by maximizing output from utilizing
the individual group of employees.. In this report, 4com Plc is small which was established in
1999 in the United Kingdom by Daron Hutt with an aim to improve communication services in
the SME market. It's headquarter is situated in Bournemouth, Dorset. The report covers
organizational culture, politics and power influence individual and team
behaviour and performance along with motivation and motivational
techniques in order to achieve the goals. Moreover it also embrace the
effective team management and organizational behaviour concepts.
behaviour concepts (French and Holden, 2012).
TASK 1
P1 Organisation’s culture, politics and power influence individual and team
behaviour and performance.
In organization culture, politics and power plays a crucial role because the
company in such a way -
Culture - Organizational culture covers a organization's expectations,
experience, philosophies and values. The 4com plc is an organizations that
has some expectation to grow and work efficiently in order to grow and rise
in the position by every year working. In order to do so, there should be
positive culture that can guide the employee's behaviour of company which
can be expressed as their image, working and interactions with external
world. Culture is based on the attitudes, beliefs, customs, and rules that can
be developed with time . The leaders are responsible to organize ethical
culture in the organization that supports to attain the goal. The
organizations get influenced by individual and team behaviour because as
the management, employees would follow the rules ethically they are able
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to work in organized manner. For an instance, in 4com Plc there is rule that
no one has the right to harm someone's dignity whether they are lower level
staff or the high authorities and hence, all employees employees would like
to work in this environment because they feel secured (Griffin and Moorhead,
2011).
Politics– Politics plays an important role to achieve goals that can be
impact in positive and negative manner. The one who learn to drive politics
in appropriate direction are considered as more productive. The political
culture encourage productivity in the organization that is easy to
understand for the employees. It is useful to establish clear policies and
command that are required to find the solutions of the task and producing
good quality of work. In contrast, negative politics at workplace develops
negative environment and conflicts among the workers. If the employees of
4com Plc encourage to proceed in unethical and favourable behaviour then
the company can be suffer in producing quality work and that would be
decrease the productivity and high turnover rate. When the policies and
commands are not stated clearly the firm can face pitfalls (Kinicki and Kreitner,
2012).
Power – Power has a strong influence on any organization cause it
governs the rules and decision. In 4com Plc the employees can use their
power in optimistic way to influence staff cause it encourage productivity.
When the top management use their power in constructive way then that
would be beneficial for the company in order to grow. The management can
hire new employees who has strong ability to work and perform well in any
task and to supervise other employees to derive the output from them. This
approach enhances the confidence of workers and also motivate them to
work hard to get the high result. This will also decrease employees
retention rates and hence increase the productivity of the firm with
extensive quality. Whereas, the negative power of leaders do not considers
respect of other employees who are working under them and this kind of
place for working would not be preferred by the people to work. The
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management shows them the bossiness to complete the work by threatening
and punishment or job loss. If 4com Plc would do so then it would become
impossible for them to be in the market place from almost 20 years (Lazaroiu,
2015).
TASK 2
P2 Content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques
enable effective achievement of goals
The content and process motivation theories can be defined in a term
where content focuses on 'what' while the process theory centralizes on
'how' that derive human behaviour motivation. The content theories of
motivation made a great impact on the management practices and policies
and these are also known as need theories. Needs theories because it can
identify the needs of employees who are working in 4com plc and it can
relate with motivation in order to fulfil these requirements. On the other
hand, process theories shows more concern about how motivation occurs
and what type of processes can impact on motivation. The content and
process theories can be define in more simple words as content theory
recognizes what are needs that requires motivation and it tries to satisfy these needs whereas
process theories can be consider as to find out the ways in which motivation
occurs and what are the best practices that can affect the motivation in
better manner (Lu, 2014).
Content Motivation Theories : There are different kind of content
theories and they are described below -
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs – The theory was introduced by the
Abraham Maslow and the scholar defines five basic categories of needs in a
hierarchical manner. The pyramid of needs begins with five basic
psychological needs such as safety, belongings, love, self -esteem and self
actualization (Luthans, Luthans and Luthans, 2015).
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(Source: Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, 2018)
In this above figure, there is a level of each need and the lowest
unsatisfied need becomes paramount or the most powerful that must be
satisfied. This made an individual to be active in order to work to satisfy
these requirements. The satisfied needs do no motivate a person and once the lower needs
satisfied then the people put efforts to achieve the higher needs (MacKenzie, Podsakoff and
Podsakoff, 2011).
Alderfer’s ERG theory - Alderfer defines three classes of needs such as
existence, relatedness and growth. These all classes are completely
correlate to Maslows hierarchical because these both are discussing about the
needs how an individual putting their efforts to fulfil the requirements and how it became more
or less important to the people.
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Illustration 1: Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

(Source : Alderfer’s ERG Theory, 2016)
Alderfer agrees with Maslow's unsatisfied needs to motivate people as it grows upward
in order to get contentment with respect to the requirements. That's why it also begins grow
lower level to higher level of needs because the lower needs are essential and much more
important than advanced requirements (Martinko, Harveyand Dasborough, 2011).
Process Motivation theories – There are different types of process
theories and it can be describe as below -
Adam’s equity theory – The Adam's equity theory states that people
get motivation when they are treated equally and receive the cost for their
fair efforts. It is based on social exchange theory because to defines the
people motivate when there is no discrimination among the employees in a
4Com they all wanted to be treated on equal level. (Miao and et. al., 2013).
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Illustration 2: Alderfer’s ERG Theory, 2016

(Source : EQUITY THEORY, 2018)
In this theory, the workers in an organization put their efforts in their
job and compare outcomes regarding the inputs they have to putted to
accomplish a task (Miner, 2015).
The employees of the 4com plc can looking for the output against the
efforts which they give as input to complete the assigned task. As an input
the workers used their knowledge, experience, skills, time and take the
responsibility to meet the target within specific duration. That's why in
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Illustration 3: EQUITY THEORY, 2018

return they expects to get some reward from the managers in terms of
bonus which is not a part of salary. They are getting their usual salary for
their regular job and that is also counted as output because they are
working to gain something that can fulfil their needs.
M1
According to (Moore and et. al., 2012) Culture, politics and power can
influence an individual and team behaviour performance because people get
motivations from the culture of company. When there is a good and
supportive culture in an organization then the employees feels happy to be
work there. Every employees wants to seek better opportunities in their life.
The politics can also impact on the employees that can be positive and
negative because it often can be seen that when an individual incline in
their career then the colleagues tries to make them fall down as they cannot
see someone to be successful within a short time period. The employees
unions also plays a vital role in company's politics so as to take the
advantage of their job. Additionally, power can affect organization because
the one who has authority can misuse their power that can be harmful for
the company. On other hand, if the employee is loyal to the firm then they
would not use their influence in a wrong way. They always do a good deed
which can be beneficial for company in future.
M2
According to (Osland and Turner, 2011)Each company require to know
about dependency that will directly impact on employees behaviour and
4Com firm require to motivate their employees for doing best work to
reaching with desired goals and objectives in better manner. This is very
important for firm is to retain their workers for giving various benefits and
rewards. In such condition, employees does not perform their job in better
way .
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D1
According to...., it is crucial for managers to make good and healthy
atmosphere within organisation in order to promote effective working by
employees and other staff members. When there is a good and supportive
culture in an organization then the employees feels happy to be work there.
The employees unions also plays a vital role in company politics to take the
advantage of their job.
TASK 3
P3 Explain what makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team.
Every organization grows in upward direction because of its team
efforts and the decisions that made by the management. Management plays
an important role to develop the policies and rules for the employees but at
the end the employees who are working at the lower level generates the
productivity. There are two kinds of team which has a crucial presence in
the organization. In 4com Plc there is an effective team is working to meet
its objective with certain differences which are quite different from
ineffective team and that can describe as -
Effective team Ineffective team
 In effective team objective is well
understood and they accepts all the task
which is required to meet the goal.
 The team conducts lot of discussions in
which there are so many participants
contributes virtually but it remains
relevant to the group only (Pinder,
2014).
 As the 4com Plc all the members shares
their ideas to refine the one of the best
that can support the objective.
 Whenever there is an disagreement then
 Ineffective team, the team is not clear
about the task from the beginning they
don't understand in which way the goal
can be attain.
 Only few people discusses about the
task and they participates on specific
points of the tasks.
 The people do not share there point of
view and they ignored each other and
that's why the ideas over ridden.
 On the other, and in ineffective team
disagreements would not dealt
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the team is comfortable with it and does
not show any conflict.
 In effective team all the decision are
taken on majority in which it is stated
that all the members are agreed on one
thing.
 In an effective team the chairperson is
responsible for everything cause they
have the ability to give the direction to
the team in appropriate way in order to
meet the target.
 The effective teams are alert about its
operations and that's why they stop to
examine that how well it is doing in a
task and what can be interfere in the
operations (Dijke and et. al., 2012).
 When the division of labour has been
done then the clear assignment of work
takes place and accepted to complete
within specific time.
 Effective team encourages healthy
conversation between each other and
this increases the efficiency in
completion of goals and objective of
company. different employees
channelize each other's energy in order
to make their team successful at every
task.
effectively. They can be quenched by
the leaders which results in disputes
and hence, these are solved by voting.
 In this team the actions are taken as
casually that does not concern about the
real issues examination and solutions of
the consequences (Sinclaire, 2011).
 The leadership leads with the
chairperson no matter they are weak or
eligible to bare the responsibilities.
 Ineffective teams avoids the discussion
to maintain the operations in better
manner to accuracy to attain the goals.
 In this team when the labour are
assigned with work it makes hassles
because the decisions are unclear and
no one knows who will do the assigned
to task.
 Ineffective team members does not
trust each other and hide their intention
and agenda. they remain confused
about what the team is supposed to
accomplish. they allow some other to
dominate their team. while working
with team, they use code words and
jargon so that other cannot know about
what they are talking.
Tuckman's Model: This model mainly includes forming, storming, norming and
performing model of group development.
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 Forming: In this, team learns about their goals and opportunities and they commonly
agreed on goals and start working on the tasks.
 Storming: In this, team sort out themselves and win each other's trust.
 Norming: In this all team members work towards achievement of ultimate goals and
success.
 Performing: In this, team members are competent enough and they are able enough to
handle decision making process.
M3
There are different types of team development theories that can be executed within an
enterprise. Belbin theory are necessary to follow by team members which are described as under:
 Resource researcher – leaders required to identify various ideas and thoughts which can
be implemented in the company for achieving desired goals. They explore available
options, develop eye contacts and negotiate for resources in behalf of the teams.
 Team work – It is the duty of manager and provide accurate right direction that can
happen in an enterprise. In this, superiors ensures that different employees
in the team are working together effectively.
 Coordinator – They are answerable for coordinate all major activities
and functions within an organisation. Coordinators are excellent
listeners and they value their team members. (Wagner and Hollenbeck,
2014).
TASK 4
P4 Apply concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour
The 4Com plc is based on few fundamental concepts of organizational
behaviour which revolves around the nature of people and organization as
well. The fundamental concepts of the organization behaviour can be define
as -
 Perception
 A whole Person
 Motivated Behaviour
 The desire for Involvement
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 The value of the Person
 Human Dignity
Individual difference – Every person is different from others since
they all are unique in some ways as in birth, experiences, perceptions and
mentality, psychology. Therefore, they all have different ideas and that's
why there thoughts, working style is also different.
Perception – The two people can have different point of view for a
same object and they can differently present a the object with distinct
thoughts. The difference is thinking generates because of their experiences
about the things. A person interprets their experiences about the entities as
what they seen and they value their ability. Employees perceptions also
depends ion the personality, requirements demographic aspects, and social
surroundings in which they spend their lives (Walumbwa and et. al., 2011).
A whole personality – A worker in the 4Com Plc cannot isolated from
their personal life to working life. For an instance, when a woman is
working in the organization and came to the office at sharp 9 o'clock and
also worried about her children that is because the person who is working
in the office is a social being too. The manager should treat them as a whole
personality by known the fact that their work can be suffer but the
employees should get motivation from the m to build the concentration.
Motivated behaviour – The 4com Plc needs to motivate their
employees because that is the only way that can enhance the productivity
with quality. The workers always seeks for some appreciation for their work
for their exertion to complete the given task if the company does not pay
the attention towards their employees then it can increase the employees
turnover. Motivation can be in any form whether as a reward, bonus,
appreciation anything because this encourages them to put more efforts to
grow on high position and that will be beneficial for the company too (Witt
and Schwesinger, 2013).
Desire for involvement – every employee seeks for the opportunities
to work hard and grow in their career. So 4Com Plc gives them a chances to
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inline high by involving them in decision making cause there may be a
possibility that they can give a new point of view to the discussion. The
employees have a hunger to share their thoughts about their experiences
and learning on career so it is good to show them some opportunities that
increase their interest in working (Andersson, Jackson and Russell, 2013).
Value of person – The organization should value a human being the
other worker of the company should not compare a person with economical
conditions. All the staff members wanted to be treated with respect, they
don't wanted to loose their dignity.
Human dignity – Human dignity states that the entire staff should be
treat same whether a CEO or a labour because they are working in a same
organization. An individual has the highest order in the universe that's why
they should be treated with respect.
PATH GOAL THEORY :
The path goal theory was developed by Robert House which defines
that how the leaders of the organization can motivate their employees to
achieve goals. The behaviour what leaders adopts to keep the employees
engage in the work and establish a way on which the subordinates follow
them. 4Com Plc I motivates their employee through keep them satisfying
with the opportunities and manages their work in team. Subordinates of the
leaders put their efforts to maximize the profit of the organization with
minimum resources. The organization can opt for the path goal theory in
various forms such as directive, supportive, participative and achievement
oriented leadership with respect to organization that develops a positive
behaviour of the company. The types of path goal theory can be define as -
Directive – The leaders tells the followers about what to do and what
is expected from them and a path that specifies that how to finish a task.
Supportive – The leaders makes the work interesting by showing
concern to them by friendly and approachable to them.
Participative – The employees are also involved in decision making
this happens when the task force is highly experienced and innovative.
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Achievement – Leaders sets goals that needs to show confidence in
the employees to attain the objectives.
This theory has some advantages such it helps to understand the
leaders behaviour that effects on subordinates satisfaction level and
working performance. It directly deals with motivation with a clear model to
follow the path shown by the leaders (Ashkanasy and Humphrey, 2011).
M4
Various theories and concept that are executed by 4com company that are directly affects
the performance and person behaviour of all staff members in effective manner. There are
various theories which includes path goal theory and contingency theory which are applied for
conducting modifications and changes within an enterprise. A leader provide accurate direction
towards path goal theory which gives rewards and benefits for achieving desired goals and
targets (Avey, Palanski and Walumbwa, 2011).
D2
Team development theories can easily executed in the 4Com firm which help them in
fulfilling all desired goals and objectives of an enterprise. This theory does not applied for
achieving such vision of the organisation and employees leaves their set targets or goals which
set before making mission. Along with this, the culture and values of organisation play an
important role in shaping workers behaviour in better manner.
CONCLUSION
From the above based report, it can be concluded that organisational behaviour is most
playing vital role in the each and every kind of company as this aids in maintaining good
employee relation and this matters a lot for retaining worker for a long period of time. If
employer will not focus on issues associated with their venture, then it may negatively impact on
the performance of organization since they would not show any interest towards their daily
chores related with business. In a simple term it can be define as the performance and activities
of a group or individual performance in companies cause that is human behaviour that impact on
working environment of business organizations. The human resource managers can motivate and
encourage the employees to attain target. In addition of this, motivational theories are also used
by company to motivate as well as encourage workers to perform well. This will directly
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contribute in making workforce more productive. Effective and effective team is also plays vital
role in determining the actual performance of the company. On the other side, concept and
philosophies of organizational behaviour which mat contribute in enhancing the chances of
attaining reliable results.
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