Organisational Behaviour Report

This report analyzes the organizational behavior of the BBC, examining factors like organizational culture, power dynamics, and motivation. It explores how these elements impact employee behavior and performance, drawing on theories like Handy's Model, Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, and Vroom's Expectancy Theory. The report also discusses different types of teams within the BBC and the importance of effective team development, using Tuckman's theory and Belbin's model. Finally, it examines the impact of leadership styles on team performance and productivity, highlighting barriers to effective performance and the relevance of OB concepts in shaping behavior. This report is available on Desklib, a website that provides past papers and solved assignments for students.

Organisational
Behaviour

TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS..............................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
P1 How the following factors have affected behaviour of staff within the BBC in the
recent past and today...............................................................................................................3
a) Organisational Culture using Handy’s Model:..................................................................3
b) Power and political behavior of managers:......................................................................4
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................6
P2 Explain how content and process theories of motivation can help to achieve
individual and team capacity...................................................................................................6
a) The content and process theories that are been followed are:.....................................6
b) How will improved levels of motivation within the BBC help to achieve its
organizational goals..................................................................................................................9
TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................10
P3 Explain different types of teams within BBC and why having different types of
teams is important...................................................................................................................10
a) Different types of team:.....................................................................................................11
b) Elements to make an effective team...............................................................................12
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................15
P4 Impact of appropriate theories and models on the team performance and
productivity within BBC..........................................................................................................15
a) Path goals theory................................................................................................................15
b) Main barriers to effective performance within BBC.......................................................15
CONCLUSION.............................................................................................................................17
REFERENCES............................................................................................................................18

INTRODUCTION
Culture implies for the underlying beliefs, assumptions, values & behaviours
which takes places within an organization and contributes in its goal attainment. In the
context of business unit, culture has high level of influence on employee’s productivity
and profitability. In an organisation, behaviour of employees and management plays
crucial role to meet their requirements and perform business operations in an effective
and significant manner. The behaviour within an organisation is deeply based upon the
culture, power and politics that exist at a work place. This influences people and their
work effectiveness to a greater extent (Smyth, Gustafsson and Ganskau,2010). This
report is presented in context of BBC, which is a publically owned firm and world’s
largest broadcaster in terms of employees. But in recent times, it has faced many
problems related to the cultural and power conflict.
This report will lay emphasis on various factors affecting behaviour of staff at
BBC using various theories and concepts. The process and content theory of motivation
will be discussed with impact of improvement in level of motivation to achieve its goals.
Other than this, various types of teams will be analysed with their importance. The path
goal theory is considered to improve the team performance in BBC. Also, the main
barriers related to effective performance is been taken in consideration by the
organisation.
TASK 1
P1 How the following factors have affected behaviour of staff within the BBC in the
recent past and today
a) Organisational Culture using Handy’s Model:
The organisational culture has deeply affected the organisational factors and
performance of an organisation to a greater extent (Bolden, 2016). The culture pays a
very crucial role in maintaining the operations of business activities and the relation
between various employees. In order to identify the influence of culture on the cited firm,
Handy’s model is used. It involves the following factors that impacts the organisational
behaviour to a greater extent which are as follows:
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 Power culture: power has been hold by few people in an organisation like BBC.
This help to decide the flow of operations and thus decide the steps to be taken
in order to carry out organisational functions. The people in power will decide the
rules and regulations which will be mandatory for everyone to follow. This culture
is susceptible to turn toxic due to inequality and less involvement in decision
making process for employees.
 Role culture: In this system, the organisational systems are taken in
consideration by the role played by an individual at BBC. This involve tall chain of
command. However, the decision making by a person holding a role in the
organisation can be slow and makes the firm less likely to take any sort of risk.
 Task culture: In this, the team is been formed on the basis of a specific task in
order to address specific problems or issues in the projects at BBC. In this, the
power often drifts from one person to another. The variant mix of various team
members makes the team more effective and creative.
 Person culture: In this, a person considers himself as a major and superior
being in the organisation. It exist for the people who work within an organisation
like BBC. In includes the culture which is made up of individuals from various
backgrounds working together.
b) Power and political behaviour of managers:
This involve the various sort of powers as classified by French and Reven’s
power types that include coercive, reward, legitimate, referent and expert powers hold
by a person and are been explained as:
 Coercive: it is based on the concept of Coercion i.e. being forced to perform a
task against one’s own will. In this compliance is not obtained.
 Reward: it is the power to provide rewards or appreciation to a subordinate in
return of his/ her good or effective work. It motivates and individual to work with
more dedication.
 Legitimate: These are the forces that are been taken in consideration by a
person on the basis of authority provided by management of firm.
 Referent: this is power provided by management, based on the ability to
administer someone on basis of personal acceptance.
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 Expert: this power is obtained on the basis of in depth knowledge and expertise
in a field. The leaders with such power are highly intelligent and trustworthy.
On the basis of these analysis, this can be said that power is a social influential
condition that impacts the behavior to a greater extent. Political factors on the other
hand, can impact the overall performance of organization as well as the individual
employee. As per Chanlats characteristics, political behavior at a workplace is required
to be monitored in order to have a development of good work place ethics and carrying
out the business operations to a greater extent by having a good following of work
ethics. Thus, BBC has to look after the proper handling of these factors to carry out the
business operations effectively. Proper management if workplace politics and power
management is must.
Smith review:
Considering the condition and issues that are been faced by BBC that are been
also discussed in Smith review, this can be said that the cases of bullying and
harassment that have occurred at the workplace have negatively affected the overall
work performance of employees that are been working at the firm (Okurame, 2012).
Also, the pay and gender discrimination has caused the firm to have a bad image in
market. To tackle such conditions effectively, cited broadcasting firm will have to take
appropriate measures like delayering, restructuring and revamping the work culture in
order to meet the operational requirements.
Looking at the past experience, the HR director of firm, Valrie Huges-D’Aeth had
taken various measures like redefining of management structure, reprogram the code of
conduct and strategies and content to improve efficiency and control the issues and
barriers with a little reckoning to have a disciplinary governance. The above discussed
measures are been based upon the Smith Review that undertakes and examines the
cultural practices depended on the behavioral approaches of the staff working at BBC
during the time of Jimmy Savile and Stuart Hall worked there. The assessment of these
practices helped the firm to regulate the issues regarding various challenges such as
inappropriate code of conduct, sexual conducting at work place, BBC’s organizational
structure etc.
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As per the Smith review on the operations of BBC, in the recent past, the firm
has faced many significant issues like employee turnaround, sexual misconduct, lack of
communication that have led to the down bringing of the firm. In contradiction to this,
today the conditions are quite well and better within BBC as it has changed the work
policies and thus it has improved the overall functionality of the selected organization.
Influence of culture, politics and power of an organization individual and team
behavior and performance: The culture, power and politics at BBC will impact the
organisation that will impact their work performance. A good culture, proper allocation of
power to a right and emphatic person and reduction of the interdepartmental politics that
can harm the overall performance and growth or development of the firm is required to
be mitigated in order to have a good team behaviour and performance. BBC will also
see through that the proper measures are been taken by them in order to improve the
overall work place environment and culture.
TASK 2
P2 Explain how content and process theories of motivation can help to achieve
individual and team capacity
Motivation is the encouragement and zeal to perform a particular task or
operations that will help an individual to meet the operational requirements and have a
good control over the operations an individual can perform. It helps the firm to get full
potential of its work force and hence, plays a deep role in improving the performance of
a business entity to a greater extent (Robbins and et.al., 2013). BBC will look after the
proper management of the motivational factors at its work place, in order to reduce the
employee turnover and discriminatory activities that have occurred in past. To handle
the business operations in a much effective and better way. Various theories and
concepts can be discussed and adopted at the cited firm that will help the organisation
to meet behavioural requirements of the company.
a) The content and process theories that are been followed are:
In order to meet this measures, process and content theories are been applied
and analysed by the organisation like BBC that helps the firm to handle the business
activities and operations which are as follows:
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Content theory: This can be stated that the human or individual has certain needs
which are required to be fulfilled. This is to note that this needs, to a greater extent,
changes with time.
Maslow hierarchy of needs: Postulated by Abraham Maslow, this theory states
various factors or needs that are required to be fulfilled to motivate an employee to
perform better. These needs are:
Figure 1: Maslow's Hierarchy of needs
(Source: Mcleod, 2018)
 Physiological needs: This are the biological requirements like sleep, food,
shelter clothing etc. that is important for the survival and existence of an
individual and performing well at the work place. BBC is required to look after the
proper fulfilment of these demands in order to handle the business activities and
operations in a much effective and better way.
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 Safety needs: BBC is required to provide a safe and comfortable environment
for an individual that will help an individual employee at the work place to work
freely. Looking at the past experiences of harassment and bullying, management
of BBC has to see through the proper management of safety requirements of its
employees.
 Love needs: Every individual needs to be loved and cared. The feeling of social
belongingness and having an interpersonal relationship with family, friends and
colleague’s motivates them to perform better. Cited entity has to see through the
proper building of team bonding among its employees and co-workers as a team
(Smyth, Gustafsson and Ganskau,2010).
 Esteem needs: Each individual requires to be respected and esteemed that
helps them to improve their quality and performance. A sense of dignity,
achievement, mastery and status provides a person with motivation to work
better at office. The proper employee engagement and their proper appreciation
will encourage the workers of BBC to perform well with dedication and integrity.
 Self-actualization: This will involve the personal achievements that an individual
at BBC can gain in order to perform well. This is the key motivating factor for a
person to work better. The selected firm has to see through that the organisation
is capable to provide proper opportunity to its employee’s so that they can fulfil
their personal and professional goals.
Process Theory: this theory provides a basic idea about how entities or needs change
or develops. This idea is dependent on different variables that are been taken in
consideration.
Vroom’s expectancy theory: Stated by Victor Vroom, it helps the individual to carry
out people who operates within the firm that supports the organisation to define the
motivational factors that are been taken in consideration by the organisation and thus
will support its proper growth and development. It includes certain factors that assist the
firm to get the desired outcomes (Su, 2014).
This theory consist of three factors, which are required to be taken in
consideration by the organisation in order to improve the overall work process and
capabilities, which are as follows:
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 Expectancy: It is based on the belief of individual that the more he will lay on the
effort on a process, the higher will be the outputs. This thinking helps the firm to
motivate its employees and improve their performance in a better way.
 Instrumentality: This factor assist a person to set a connection between
activities and goals. This helps the person to develop a better understanding
about the goals and activities that are been followed by him in a better way. This
factor motivates an employee that if he/she will work well, it will be surely
rewarded. However the rewards or appraisals should be provided on an accurate
basis, else may lead to demotivation (Rao, 2010).
 Valance: It can be explained as the extent to which a person can be rewarded
on the basis of his/her values. This helps the firm to extend the results of his/her
success to a greater extent. In order to meet this factor, individual or team has to
be motivated enough to give the recurring high level of performance.
All these factors discussed under content and process theories help in
maintaining the team effectiveness and the individual growth that helps the firm to
handle business activities and make the work capability of the employees more precise
and improved.
b) How will improved levels of motivation within the BBC help to achieve its
organizational goals
BBC will look after the proper management of the motivational factors at its
workplace. This will not only help the firm to improve their work ethics and environment
but will also help in satisfying the customers and meeting of business activities and
operations. The proper implementation of different work ethics and motivational theories
will support the organisation to carry out the business activities in a better way. This will
help the organisation to carry out the business activities and other behavioural
operations of an individual or a team as a whole (Chand, 2018).
The enhancement in the work practices and the measures that are been
implemented at the work place of BBC to motivate its staff or workers to perform well
and increase the productivity and core performance of the cited enterprise. The
enhancement measures that are been implemented at firm will help it to meet their
operational goals. Also, it will motivate the employees to perform with dedication.
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Besides this, it will help them to have a contentment level at work place. The Maslow’s
and Vroom concept will help BBC to identify the needs and requirements of their
employees or staff and reason behind their development. Identification of this factor will
help the firm to improve the organisational behaviour and enhance their performance.
Influence of behaviour of others through the effective application of behavioural
motivational theories, concepts and models
The proper implementation and utilization of different behavioural and
motivational theories, concepts and models, will help an individual and will influence the
business operations and activities to a greater extent. Theories like Maslow’s hierarchy
of needs and Vroom’s expectancy theory will help the organisation to lay a deep and
significant impact on a person’s behaviour (Steyn and Niemann, 2010). Other than this,
it will help the person to have a good control over various operations and activities
which will lead to identify and access the strengths and weaknesses of a person’s
weaknesses. It motivates an individual to have a good work place behaviour and
improves his/her performance.
Evaluate the relationship between culture, politics, power and motivation that
enables teams and organizations to succeed
The organisational culture, politics, power and motivations are cross connected
and are linked in a very significant manner (Polston-Murdoch, 2013). A proper
management of the workplace culture, politics, power and motivation is deeply related
and failing to cope up with any of this may lead to falling down of complete structure.
Thus, in order to carry out the proper management for success of an organisation,
certain recommendations can be followed such as:
 Proper development of a work environment that will help the firm to carry out
their business operations and activities in a much effective and better way.
 Resolution of conflicts is very necessary as this will help in proper team building
and thus will lead to the effective handling of various business operations in BBC.
On the basis of all these assessments, this can be said that the proper
management of the culture, power politics within the selected firm will help the
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organisation to handle the conflicts and resolve the issues related to it in much effective
manner. Thus, the firm must manage it properly.
The proper placing of the motivational theories that are been taken in
consideration by the BBC will help the firm in many ways. For example, the working will
help the employees to came up with effective innovations and new ideas that will
catalyze the growth and development of the firm. Besides this, it will help the fir to
enhance the work quality and thus will lead the employees at the selected organization
to have a good satisfaction level. Besides this, it will help the firm to meet their
customers or clients requirements, leading them to earn a significant quality of
investment to run their operations.
TASK 3
P3 Explain different types of teams within BBC and why having different types of teams
is important
In an organisation like BBC, the effective team is a group that is able to achieve
its targets and goals to a greater extent while on the other hand, an ineffective fails to
meet its objectives.
a) Different types of team:
Different types of teams are been taken in consideration which will play a crucial
role in carrying out the business operations and activities of selected firm in a very
effective and significant manner. A team is a group of people, set together to fulfil a
specific goals or objective. In order to have a strong and efficient team, proper bonding
and communication is must. The sharing of mutual objective and goal in an organisation
like BBC will help a team to perform well. In general, there are four major types of teams
that exists within an organisation which are as follows:
 Functional Team: This team consist of the members which have the similar
functional knowledge and share the similar organisational goals. They are usually
formed on the permanent basis and co-exist in almost every department of a
firm. They collaborate and communicate with other teams of department to get
the work done (Knight Shteynberg and Hanges, 2011). For example, BBC will
look after bringing this team in scene during handling a major or important event.
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Their main objective is to carry out suitable and meaningful communication at the
organisation. This help in carrying out the projects goals.
 Problem solving Team: This is the group of people which comes together within
a department for resolution of a problem that is existing within an organisation
and thus will help the firm to carry out business activities and action plan that are
required to be followed to get the problem or issue faced by the organisation
mitigated. For example, in BBC when the gender pay gap was identified, a
special team is been set that analysed this problem and came up with solutions.
It will improve the teams work performance.
 Project team: It is a combination of various teams or department that come
together in order to achieve a common goal or objective. They may be created
on a temporary basis in order to complete a project. They will carry out the
business operations and activities that are been taken in consideration by BBC. It
will help the firm to meet the operational requirements of the organisation in a
much effective and significant manner. For instance, this will be the major team
that will perform all the task specialised and guided by selected organisation.
Thus, their proper management is very necessary in order to get suitable outputs
and managing of business activities and operations of BBC.
 Virtual teams: These are the type of teams which are not located on one
specific location but are remotely placed, performing similar tasks (Malik, Aziz
and Hassan, 2014). They are connected though the means of various
communication mediums like telephone, internet etc. this helps to work in
different cultures, nations and ethnicity and thus, work effectively to carry out
different sort of business operations which will support their proper functioning in
a very effective and significant manner. For example, correspondents of BBC
communicating to each other as well as to central office for exchange of news
and information. They may also be connected to each other by the means of
virtual private network (VPN).
Having these different types of team is very important for an organisation due to
following reason:
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 It will help the firm to carry out their operations in more effective and significant
manner.
 It helps in improving performance of the firm.
 It supports development of effective team structure.
 A good team will motivate its employees to achieve their goals more effectively.
b) Elements to make an effective team
For an organisation like BBC, proper team development is very important. The
team development theory is been postulated by Bruce Tuckman and also known as the
Team building cycle. This involves five phases which are required to be followed to form
and develop a better firm:
Figure 2: Tuckman’s theory of team development
(Source: The Five Stages of Team Development, 2018)
 Forming: In this phase, a team is been formed by taking the members from
various fields. This is based on the analysis of every team member that helps in
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the proper guidance and direction by the organisation. During this phase, proper
aims and objectives related to the team forming are been followed. It is also
dependent on the acceptance and assessment of leaders to form and develop a
suitable team at BBC (Kozlowski, Chao and Jensen, 2010).
 Storming: This is deeply based on the basis of the environmental factors that
will help the team or a firm like BBC as a whole. This involves the deep analysis
and evaluation of the information or data that is been collected during the forming
stage. In this the feasibility and practical approach of proposed aims and
objectives are been taken in consideration by the management, leaders or the
firm.
 Norming: In this stage, conflicts and differences occurs within the team. Most of
the teams are either fails or dissolves during this stage due to indifferences.
Thus, in this case, leaders at BBC will look after proper resolution of this conflicts
and thus will help in superior growth and development of the firm. Many team
mates tends to leave the tam during this stage. In such condition, it is the duty of
leaders to set certain rules, code of conduct and take the disciplinary actions for
the benefit and proper functioning of the team.
 Performing: It is the stage that involves the proper management of different
operations and activities that are been followed by the team members to get the
proper output and thus will help team setting up of effective business operations
and activities (Lee and et.al., 2010). In this stage, team is required to resolve out
all the conflicts and develop a good bonding at BBC in order to give out their best
and carry out business operations in a very effective manner. A proper support
and team work will lead to achieving of targeted goals and objectives.
 Adjourning: It is the finishing stage of a team that requires to be followed
effectively in order to get the projects done properly. Once the desired objectives
are obtained, the team is then dissolved and members are sent back to their
respective field.
Analyze relevant team and group development theories to support the
development of dynamic cooperation:
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Different measures including theories and models can been taken in
consideration by BBC to develop an effective and significant team (Riebe and et.al.,
2010). This will help the organisation to carry out the operations and meet them in more
elaborative and effective manner. Tuckman’s theory or Belbin model will guide the
selected enterprise to take suitable steps which will help in catalysing the business
operations that are been followed by the firm. This theories and models will assist the
firm to identify the problems and issues related to team building and take proper
measure to resolve it.
TASK 4
P4 Impact of appropriate theories and models on the team performance and productivity
within BBC
This leadership theory is based on attaining goals and objectives by eliminating
pitfalls and obstacles through motivation and clarification of communication and
establishing reward systems. As per this theory, there are for styles of leadership which
are as follows:
Achievement-oriented leadership- This style includes setting of challenges with risk
taking by constantly displaying improvements and confidence in employees for solving
work independently.
Directive leadership- In this type, the leader takes all the decisions and give clear
instructions to his employees with close supervision as employees with less experience
need support and direction while working.
Participative leadership-This style of leadership is significant in context of discussion
and consultation for quick and reliable decision making with specialist knowledge and
proper conceptual ideas.
Supportive leadership-Here, this style assist in useful management of situations where
the leader put attention on completion of tasks on time by being cooperative, amiable
and empathetic towards the employees.
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In addition, to the above, BBC can improve the productivity and overall
performance at their workplace by adopting few techniques that have been used in the
path goal theory and its inclusive styles:
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Illustration 1: Path goal leadership theory
(Source:House’s Path Goal Theory, 2018)

Transparent communication channel: There must be an apparent, unbiased and neutral
interactive network to be built by the BBC’s management to have a two-way gateway
regarding any problems facing by the employees and also asking them feedback or
opinions for decision making (House’s Path Goal Theory, 2018).
Guidance: In regard this, employees might face discrimination, harassment or bullying
at work, which can be avoided by motivating them in positive direction and providing
them cooperation and coordination for any improvements.
Implementation of reward system: This helps the organization to motivate and influence
workforce to give their best efforts to fetch maximum profits with time efficiency. Any
raise in salary, incentives, bonuses, promotion etc. can boost them to work with loyalty
and responsibly.
Strict adherence towards policies and regulations: BBC must implement an open door
policy with flexible work hours, exchanging opinions, etc. so that targets can be
achieved but not hampering the trust or concerns of employees.
b) Main barriers to effective performance within BBC
Some main barriers to effective performances are as follows: Complex hierarchal structure: A proper structure helps in establishing clear
instructions on the roles and responsibilities of employees, senior managers,
consultants etc. however, BBC followed an autocratic system which affected their
business environment adversely (Hashim and Wok, 2014). Poor communication: An effective interactive session amongst all the individuals
at workstation leads to cooperation, team work and sense of trust. Lack of this
chain of networks only resulted in misunderstanding, clashes, jealously at BBC
office which impacted the environment in the most negative manner, leading to
inefficiency and unproductiveness. Lack of proper guidance: When the objectives, goals or principles of an
organization remain unclear, then it will affect the entire BBC framework
harmfully and damaging the work ethics due to the absence of managerial
involvement. Issues related to tasks must be indicated in appropriate structure to
reduce the complexity attached to any project (Mounivang, 2018).
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 Absence of accountability: There was a lack of proper hierarchical structure at
BBC which led to degradation in the quality of work as well as the entire cultural
set up. This impacted their employees negatively and pushed them not to put
their sincere efforts in completion of assignments. Their reputation reached at the
bottom due to failure by their careless management in providing instructions to
finish work. Ignorance of interaction: The management must look after the proper
management of the operations that will impact the performance and
understanding of the firm, affecting their performance in market.
 Lack of preparation: the employees and the organization is required to be well
prepared to have the effective performance and thus will lead to the conflicts and
misunderstandings causing rise in the failure of operations.
These barriers not only affected the performance but also their image at global
level, which got tarnished due to this unsuccessful implementation of structure by this
organization.
Evaluating how concepts and philosophies of OB inform and influence
behaviour in both positive and negative way:
Concepts and philosophies of OB plays a crucial role on the business operations
and activities in both positive and negative way (Wood and et.al., 2012). Some of its
impacts are as follows:
Positive impact:
 A proper leadership and behaviour will help the firm to develop a good work
environment and thus will help the firm to carry out the business objectives and
operations in a better way.
Negative impact:
 Absence of proper guidance or leadership can impact the overall functionality of
firm. Besides this, it can lead to job dissatisfaction and employee turnover in
BBC.
Evaluating the relevance of team development theories that influence
behavior in the work place
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Different theories and action plans that are been undertaken by the selected
organisation like Tuckmen’s model, Vroom expectancy theory or Maslow’s hierarchy of
needs will help BBC to have a better growth and development and will facilitate an
effective work environment for its employee’s.
CONCLUSION
On the basis of analysis performed above, this can be said that the organisational
behaviour is deeply dependent on the culture, vision and environment of the
organisation like BBC. The analysis of the condition and issues faced by selected firm
on basis of Smith review that helped in the proper management of the business
operations and activities. Besides this, various models regarding the employee
motivation are been analysed and presented to find proper and effective work operation.
Also, effective team building and development steps and the reason being their
effectiveness is been discussed with organisational concept of performance and
productivity for selected enterprise. Other than this, the barrier s to effective
performance in the firm are been evaluated to avoid them for getting effective outputs.
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