(PDF) Principles of Management and Organisational Behaviour

Organisational
Behaviour and the
Management of
People

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
DEFINITION ACCORDING TO AUTHORS-.....................................................................3
THEORIES RELATED TO MOTIVATION, LEADERSHIP AND TEAMBUILDING AND
DEVELOPMENT...................................................................................................................6
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE THEORIES WITHIN THE BUSINESS OF MARK AND
SPENSER ..............................................................................................................................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12
.......................................................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Organisation behaviour is the concept which plays a vital role in studying the human
behaviour within the organisation. This concept is vital for the association as it supports the
association in determining how human being behaves in that particular duration of time and also
supports in predicting and controlling human behaviour. Through the implementation of this
process within the business the manager can also understand their employees in a better way and
also provide them motivation from time to time. The chosen assignment will cover the study
about the topic of Motivation , Leadership and Team building and development. Along with this
the study also covers the theories related to these concepts and the differences between them.
Apart from this the study also seeks to examine the implementation of these theories within the
organisation.
MAIN BODY
DEFINITION ACCORDING TO AUTHORS-
Concept of Motivation:
Motivation is the factor which drives an individuals to work and give their best towards
the attainment of the goal and objectives of the business. This is also defined as the core
component through which the will of the individual to perform their best can be built and
encouraged. In current scenario organisation works deliberately with the concept of motivation
only to fulfil their desires and expectations. Motivation can be either positive or negative which
would support an individual in satisfying their unsatisfied needs. Positive motivation is the one
which involves motivating an individual by giving them rewards, more pay, promotion,
incentives etc. through which the morale of the person can be boost and can work with their full
efforts and devotion within the business. Negative motivation may sometimes lead to positive
outcome as this includes giving punishment(j Mullins and Christy, 2013).
According to Grad, 2001 “Motivation is the process which drives, influences and
sustain the behaviour of the human body”.
According to Rakes & Dunn, 2010 “Motivation is the general concept defined as the
procedure through which the individual's needs and desired are fit in a motion”(Theories of
Motivation, 2017).

Concept of Leadership:
Leadership is refereed to as the ability to lead and influence people to work towards the
attainment of the goals in the most effective and efficient manner. This concept is also refereed
to as the process through which the executive can guide , direct their subordinates to perform
towards the accomplishment of the common goal. This component is a situation bound concept
as there is no perfect style to the leadership it occurs as per the demand of the particular duration.
Establishment of the leadership within the association will help the manager or the leader to
bring coordination among the employees working within the company. This also helps in
boosting the confidence and morale of the employees (Owoyemi and Ekwoaba, 2014).
According to Terry.G.R., 2015 “ It is the activity of influencing people to strive their
willingness to work towards the achievement of common goal”.
According to Dubin. R, 2015 “ Leadership is the concept which involves exercising of
the authority and making of the decision”(Theories of Leadership, 2015).
Illustration 1: Concepts of Motivation

Concept of Team building and Development:
Team building and team development is referred to as the concept where the members
within the organisation are encouraged to work collectively as a team so that the goals can be
fulfilled within the given time frame. In this the members who are present within the team are
motivated so that the overall performance can be increased. Whereas the concept of Team
development is concerned with the process of creating a atmosphere with the encouragement of
the cooperation , interdependence and trust level among the team member. Team building and
development is the core concept that is to be established within the association as this can lead to
better employees relation and can enhance the overall productivity and profitability of the
business(Hashim and Wok, 2014).
According to Susan M. Heath field, 2019 “ Team building is refereed to as a process of
converting a group of individual to work for the fulfilment of the organisational goal by working
into cohesive team.
According to Wisner and Feist, 2001 “ Team building is refers to as the process of
bringing the member together who can fit in and can work collectively with proper coordination
and cooperation(Theories of Team building, 2019).
Illustration 2: Leadership

THEORIES RELATED TO MOTIVATION, LEADERSHIP AND TEAMBUILDING
AND DEVELOPMENT
There are number of theories which have been formulated to understand these concept of
motivation, leadership and team building and development. These theories are applied within the
business as per the requirement of the situation. Theories are basically a set of principles on
which the exercise of an activity is based. Execution of the theories within the business supports
an association in understanding in detail about the circumstances and situations so that the better
plan for the business can be formed(Sparrow and Cooper, 2014). Theories are those which
provides an information regarding problem of the cause and its effect. Various theories related to
these concepts are mentioned beneath:
Theories of Motivation :
Maslow's Need Hierarchy theory : This theory is related to the basic needs of the
human body and their need for the motivation at the workplace. This theory of the motivation
consists of the different stages these stages are psychological needs which is related to the basic
needs such as need for the food,shelter,clothes etc. after this the second stages which comes is
safety needs where the individual seeks to have safety regarding their jobs and health. Next to
Illustration 3: Team building and development

the safety needs there comes a need for getting socially recognisable among the society which is
social needs and the fourth and fifth needs are self esteem and actualisation which define how
important the person is to the organisation and ensure that at the last all his needs are fulfilled
and can develop and grow. This theory is essential for the business and individual to understand
their needs and requirement and the factor which can motivate them throughout(Knies and
Leisink, 2014).
Herzberg- Two factor theory : This theory is the one which is concerned with the two
factors that is motivators and hygiene factor. It state that there are some factor at the workplace
that causes job satisfaction and some causes dissatisfaction. Both of these factor overlooks on the
situational variables and fluctuations. Motivation factor is the one which is generally concerned
with the satisfaction level to the individual by fulfilling their needs and wants whereas the
hygiene factor is generally termed as the dis satisfiers. In this factor of motivation theory the
Motivator are more connected to the concept of the actual job that how the job will be
performed, how much opportunity it prevails to the individual whereas the factor of Hygiene
rather than considering the actual job surround the job. This theory also consider different
elements such as job enlargement,job enrichment and empowerment. Workers in this get
motivated to work harder with the motivator factor whereas get dis satisfied with the hygiene
factor which involves issues related to pay structure etc.
Theories related to Leadership:
Participative theory : This is the most effective theory of leadership which defines that
a leader should focus on the involvement of their subordinates in their decision-making process.
They should encourage their group members to contribute and participate in their work related
decision. As because of this they will be able to share their ideas,opinions and conflicts with their
top management. This will help the leader to attain more interest and attention of their employees
in their organisational activities which will provide higher productivity and profitability to the
company. As all the employees will feel that they are important part of the organisation so that
they will inspire to do more efforts in order to achieving the organisational goals and objectives.
This also allows leaders to maintain good relations with the employees and also support in
boosting the morale of the employees to work within the organisation. Through this leadership
style leaders can also encourage the creative solution and collaboration among members to work
with each other(Mojeed-Sanni, Adetunji and Sanni, 2015).

Trait theory : This theory of leadership is known for the inherit qualities of the
leadership. The theory assumes that the individual inherit qualities of leadership within
themselves either by birth or by their surrounding. This theory is often identify a particular
personality their behaviour and characteristics which are shared by the leaders. Leadership
qualities within the trait theory can be inherit or inborn or can be acquired through with the help
of training and guidance. This theory is the one which provide a constructive information related
to the leadership .
Theories related to Team building:
Tuck man's theory of team building: This theory is the one which consist of the five
stages this state that all stages within this theory are essential for the team to grow, face up the
challenges, handling of the problems and finding the best possible solution so that the desired
level of the result can be gained. These stages are as follows forming, storming, norming,
performing and adjourning(Lee and Lawrence, 2013).
Belbin's theory of the Team work: Belbin's theory of the team work is related to an
effective way of assessing the relative strength and weaknesses of the team. This theory mainly
Illustration 4: Tuck man's theory of team building.

focuses on the tendency to behave. This theory was formulated so that the individual can easily
facilitate the progress within the team by enabling an individual to assess their self knowledge
and adjust their behaviour according to the demand of that particular situation. This theory also
provides the member of the team with the language so that the better understanding among the
member with the help of appropriate communication can be built. This model consists of the nine
component which are essential for Belbin's such as – Implementer, resource investigator, plant,
monitor, shaper, coordinator, completer and finisher, Team worker, specialist(Thomson and Van
Niekerk, 2012).
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE THEORIES WITHIN THE BUSINESS OF MARK AND
SPENSER .
The business of Mark and Spenser is known world wide for rendering their best quality
of the clothing items across the world. For manufacturing of these product the business have
focus on utilisation of all the available resources such as labour, land in the most significant
manner(CHEN and et. al., 2013). The business of Mark and Spenser is also facing some
problems which are related to the employees working within the business due to which the
productivity level of the business has decreased. These problems are larger rate of employees
turnover and decreased motivation towards the working within the business. In order to reduce
these problem the business have used certain theories so that they can motivate their employees
to work efficiently. The business have applied major theories such as Maslow's hierarchy theory
and participative leadership style.
Maslow's Hierarchy theory :
The manager of the Mark and Spenser must focus on the lower needs of their employees
as the workers working within the company give their first priority to the survival level. So the
business must focus on providing fair amount of salary and remuneration to their employees so
that the problem of fulfilling their basic needs can be solved. Once the basic needs of the
employees are met than the employees within the business will stay and retain in the business
with the hope to have secure job position and safety from negative stroking and threatening
behaviour. For this the manager will focus on fulfilling their safety needs for the job roles. By
the accomplishment of these needs the manager can gain increase level of employees satisfaction
as well as can enhance firm's productivity level(Fuchs and Edwards, 2012). This will also help
the manager to established a friendly working condition as if the employees within are

organisation are more curious to be social with the other in the environment so that the team
spirit can be developed and social and belongingness needs can be met through which the morale
of the employees to work for the organisation can be boost. Once these needs are fulfilled the
employees within the business will feel safe and secure to work for the attainment of these
organisation. To motivate the employees within the business the manager of the Mark and
Spenser must focus on encouraging their employees to get engaged in the process of Goal setting
and decision making so that the better decision for he business can be gather, the manager must
also give their emphasis on the providing of the opportunity to employees for showcasing their
skills and talents through which their self esteems needs can be gained. After the fulfilment of all
these needs the employees will try to seek the top most level of this hierarchy that is self
actualisation for this the manager must focus on giving their employees with the proper
recognition , rewards for their best work and efforts, they should also pet on the back of their
employees for their excellent performance within the organisation due to which the employees
feel motivated and sustain within the business for longer duration of the time(Pereira, Malik and
Froese, 2017).
By considering on the implementation of this theory within the business the manager can easily
overcome the issues related to the problem of labour turnover and decreased motivation of the
Illustration 5: Maslow's hierarchy needs

workforce. This will also increase the productivity and profitability of the association with
increased morale of the employees.
Participative leadership theory :
This theory of leadership will also enable the manager of the Mark and Spenser to reduce
their problem of employees turnover and participation as this is concerned with the participation
of the employees in each and every major aspects of the business. The manager here can focus
on arranging some meeting and conference where they can assign each individual with some
major authorities and responsibilities to work with so that they can participate in the activities of
the organisation and feel as the most valuable part within the business. Employees participation
will enable the business to increase their productivity and profitability(Kinicki and et. al., 2014).
This will also provide the organisation with the number of solution to the one problem of the
Mark and Spenser as employee here can share their view and can involve in the process of their
decision making which will increase the familiarity and motivation level of the employees to
work and retain in the business for the longer period of time. This will also help the business in
reduce cost and time for their decision making and execution of those solution within the Mark
and Spenser as each individual will be assigned to responsibilities and duties for which they will
be accountable to their manager. All these activities will make the employees feel that they are
the major assets of the business and will motivate them to work deliberately and efficiently
towards the accomplishment of the vision of the Mark and Spenser(Adeoye and Fields, 2014).
CONCLUSION
From the above report it can be concluded that every organisation needs to motivate their
employees with the implementation of the theories. The theories which are mentioned in the
above reports are theories related to motivation, leadership and team building. The study also
covers the concept and implementation of these theories within the Mark and Spenser to
overcome their problem related to employees turnover and participation in the association
operations.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
j Mullins, L. and Christy, G., 2013. Management & Organisational Behaviour. Pearson
Education.
Owoyemi, O. and Ekwoaba, J. O., 2014. Organisational Culture: A Tool for Management to
Control, Motivate and Enhance Employees’ Performance.
Hashim, J. and Wok, S., 2014. Predictors to employees with disabilities’ organisational
behaviour and involvement in employment. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An
International Journal. 33(2). pp.193-209.
Sparrow, P. and Cooper, C., 2014. Organizational effectiveness, people and performance: new
challenges, new research agendas. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and
Performance. 1(1). pp.2-13.
Knies, E. and Leisink, P., 2014. Linking people management and extra‐role behaviour: results of
a longitudinal study. Human Resource Management Journal. 24(1). pp.57-76.
Mojeed-Sanni, B. A., Adetunji, A. T. and Sanni, G. A., 2015. Understanding Organisational
Social Capital Building Benefits. International Journal of Research in Economics and
Social Science. 5(9). pp.96-105.
Lee, R. and Lawrence, P., 2013. Organizational Behaviour (RLE: Organizations): Politics at
Work. Routledge.
Thomson, K. and Van Niekerk, J., 2012. Combating information security apathy by encouraging
prosocial organisational behaviour. Information Management & Computer Security.
20(1). pp.39-46.
Fuchs, S. and Edwards, M. R., 2012. Predicting pro‐change behaviour: The role of perceived
organisational justice and organisational identification. Human Resource Management
Journal. 22(1). pp.39-59.
Pereira, V., Malik, A. and Froese, F. J., 2017. Mapping the impact of Asian business systems on
HRM and organisational behaviour: Multi-level comparative perspectives. Journal of
Asia Business Studies. 11(3). pp.253-261.
Kinicki, A. and et. al., 2014. Management: A practical introduction. McGraw-Hill Education
Australia.
Adeoye, A. O. and Fields, Z., 2014. Compensation management and employee job satisfaction:
A case of Nigeria. Journal of Social Sciences. 41(3). pp.345-352.
CHEN, S. H. And et. al., 2013. Organisational support, organisational identification and
organisational citizenship behaviour among male nurses. Journal of Nursing
Management. 21(8). pp.1072-1082.
Online
Theories of Motivation, 2017. [Online]. Available through
<https://www.onlinedailys.com/different-definitions-motivation-different-authors-
motivated/>.
Theories of Leadership, 2015. [Online]. Available
through<http://smartlearningway.blogspot.com/2015/01/definition-meaning-of-
leadership.html>.
Theories of Team building, 2019. [Online]. Available
through<https://www.thebalancecareers.com/what-is-team-building-1918270>.