Organizational Behavior Assignment

This assignment examines the impact of power, politics, and culture on individual and team behavior in A David Co., a food and beverage company. It analyzes different theories of motivation, including Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, and explores the characteristics of effective and ineffective teams. The assignment also discusses leadership styles and theories, such as Path-Goal Theory and Contingency Theory, and their application within an enterprise.

Assignment

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
1. Analyzing the way business power, politics and culture influence respective as well as
team behavior/ Performance. .....................................................................................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................6
1. Evaluating the way content and process theory and techniques of motivation enables
effective accomplishment of goals. ...........................................................................................6
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................9
1. Characteristics of an effective team as opposed to ineffective team. .....................................9
TASK 4 .........................................................................................................................................11
1. Application of concepts as well as philosophies of organizational behavior within an
enterprise. .................................................................................................................................11
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Organization behavior is defined as the study which is mainly concerned with the way
people behave as well as interact with each other within an enterprise. It can also be considered
to be as important principle which can be applied in order to run business more effectively.
Organizational behavior can also be defined as part of management activities which is primarily
concerned with developing understanding, predicting as well as influencing behavior of
employees within an enterprise. It is basically study of human behavior.
The assignment emphasizes on assessing the way politics, culture and power in
influences the behavior as well as performance of team and individual. Organization chosen for
present study is A David Co., It is the company which offers food and beverages to customers.
Study will have focus on evaluation the content as well as process theory of motivation. It will
also include the suggestions related to the techniques which can be used by management in an
organization for inspiring people to work.
TASK 1
1. Analysing the way business power, politics and culture influence respective as well as team
behaviour/ Performance.
Politics can be referred to as use of social network and power in order to get work done
by other people in an organization. An individual become part of politics at workplace for
fulfilling their own interest. Politics can also be defined as irrational behavior of people at
workplace for gaining the advantages which are beyond their control. Political culture prevails in
A David co. Politics within an enterprise has great effect on individual as well as team behavior.
It also has great influence on performance of employees in A David organization. Politics at
workplace have both positive and negative influence on individual behavior. The main reason
for politics in an organization is different in culture of employees which first give rise to
conflicts that it covers into politics (Vince, 2018). It is very much important for management in
A David Co. to generate culture difference awareness as this tactic will help them in avoiding the
conflicts as well as politics at workplace. In context of A David organization , main reason fort
the politics is that many of employees in an organization perceives that manager taken decision
for fulfilling their own interest. Biases in management as well as lack of clear policy has given to
conflicts and also given rise to politics at workplace.

Negative influence of politics
The politics between employees has given rise to the various business issues such as high
employee turnover rate, absenteeism, low, morale of workers. All these problems have adverse
effect on the performance of employees as well as organization. In context of A David co, few
employees in an organization has become part of politics in order to come in limelight and they
also intend to gain attention of management.
Effects of politics on A David co. as well as on its employees, this include:
Decrease in productivity: It has analyzed that politics in A David co. Has lead to the decline in
the productivity of firm. Due to politics, employees working an organization has less
concentration on their work. Many of the workers in A David organization has failed to achieve
their target which has adversely effected their performance at workplace (Suddaby,
Viale and Gendron,2016.) .
Affects concentration :Due to politics many of the workers in A David firm is facing issues in
maintaining their concentration on work. It has also been analyzed that people involved in the
politics are bound to make more mistakes.
Changes in attitude of workers: Politics has negative effect on the attitude of workers. Because
of politics serious people lack their interest in work.
Increase in level of stress on workers: In context of A David Co, due to politics people in an
organization face difficulty in sharing their problems with their seniors which has lead to the
increase in their stress level. Workers in an organization find it difficult to confide in any of
their fellow workers due to the fear of secrets getting leaked. Because of politics there is lack of
trust among employees.
Spoils the ambience : The politics has negative effect on the culture a swell as working
environment in an enterprise. In context of A David politics at workplace has adversely effected
the relationship between people working in a group.
Positive effect of politics: In context of A David Co. One the positive influence of politics to
organization is that it can form basis for competitive advantage, specifically when employees are
highly political skilled. Politics is advantageous in context of promoting equality.
Power : It can be referred to as an ability of an individual to control the behavior of
people within an organization. Power can be utilized in positive and negative manner. There are

basically two dimension of power these are personalized as well as socialized that can be sourced
from the different sources such as reward, referent, expert, cohesive and legitimization. In
context of A David co, female employees working in an organization have higher requirement of
socialize power. It is required by manger in A David organization should strive for socialize
power and they should avoid personalized power, as this the considered to be as one of the best
way for utilizing the power in responsible as well as ethical manner. Using the power in ethical
as well as responsible manner is very much essential in order to positively influence people to
make their significant contribution in achievement of goals and objectives (Raelin, 2016).
According to the power interaction model there are basically five types of power these are ;
Coercive power: It is a power used by an individual to force other people for performing the
specific activity. In context of A David co manager uses the cohesive power which objective is
to ensure compliance within an organization and in order to avoid unethical behavior. The use of
such type of power have negative effect on the behavior of employees . Continuous utilization of
such type of power by management in A David Co. can lead to the high level of dissatisfaction
among workers. Manager or leader which uses such power has chances of termination or
demotion.
Reward Power: This is the power which is delegated by senior to its subordinate for generating
the positive results. It is the power which can be delegated by management in AS David co. to
its workers as a reward for their performance. As this tactic will assist management in
encouraging other people to improve their performance at workplace. Main drawback of this
power is that increases the expectation of employees and if company fails to meet that
expectation it leads to high level of dissatisfaction among workers which influence can
negatively their performance.
Legitimate power: This form of power gives the ability to link certain feelings of obligation or
notion of responsibility to the management. In context of A David Co, rewarding as well as
punishing employees is the main role of leader in an organization. Main drawback of this power
is that leader might face difficulty in convincing other people. Legitimate power is completely
based on the position of an individual within an organization.
Referent power: It is the type of power which is provided by management in an organization to
an individual considering their potential to manage people at workplace. Referent power is the

power which is given to an individual who is mostly liked by other people and have strong
identity at workplace.
It is required by manager in A david co. to delegate such types of power, as this will assist them
in positively influencing other people to increase their potential and develop their skills.
Expert power: It is the power which is given to an individual on the basis of their knowledge as
well as expertise in particular field. Manager in A David co. is required to delegate this power to
those employees to whom they feel that have experience in specific field.
Cultural can be referred to as behaviors as well as values and ways people in an
organization interact with each other. It is basically an environment where people shares their
values and beliefs with each other. Political culture is prevailing in A David Co,. Which has
negative effect on behavior and performance of employees (Pedler and Burgoyne, 2017). As
many of the people belonging to the different culture is facing difficulty in adjusting to the
environment in A David CO. Hofstedes Cultural theory, this hypothesis is based on the
assumption that value in the society has great influence on the employee behavior at workplace.
It also states that different in culture is the root of conflicts at workplace. Due to difference in
culture their might be communication gap which might give rise to misunderstanding and
disputes among workers.
The adverse effect of globalization on the business culture of A David Co. is that it give
rise to diversity issues which further results into conflicts between employees in an organization.
Globalization has effect on the routine activities performed by employees in A David Co. I
Technology have positive impact on organizational culture. Manager in A David co has
been successful in developing the innovative and high performing culture by providing workers
with access to Advance technology.
TASK 2
1. Evaluating the way content and process theory and techniques of motivation enables effective
accomplishment of goals.
Motivation can be referred to as a factor which guides person actions. Extrinsic as well as
intrinsic are the two types of motivation. It can also be considered to be as a cycle which
influences the thoughts as well as behavior of people and affects their performance at workplace.

Extrinsic motivation is gained by an individual through external factors such as reward, increase
in pay, promotion etc. Intrinsic rewards includes needs as well as wants, interest of an individual
which inspire them to execute specific task (Haaland, 2016). The two main theories of
motivation are content and process which could be used by manager or leader in A David
organization for motivating employees for improving their performance and increasing their
participation in business activity.
Content theory of motivation : This hypothesis is mainly concerned with analyzing the way
employees are motivated. It is considered to be as a holistic approach of motivation. Content
theory of motivation have focus on identifying the factors which motivates people. Few content
theories of motivation are :
Maslow theory of motivation : As per this hypothesis, people feel motivated when their basic
needs are fulfilled. This hypothesis states that needs of people can be categorized in hierarchy
where fundamental needs are should be placed at the bottom and other requirement at the top. It
is required by manager or leader in A David organization to first fulfill the basic needs of
employees, as this will assist them delivering high level of satisfaction to employees. This tactic
will also provide management an ease in positively influencing people to increase their
participation in business activities. The different types of needs by an individual
are:psychological requirement, safety, self-esteem, social belonging as well as actualization etc.

Herzberg theory of motivation : This theory tends to highlight the variables which motivates
people. According to the Herzberg theory of motivation there are few variables ta workplace
which provides satisfaction to people and motivates them to retain their job for long time. This
hypothesis divides job factors in two categories these are hygiene as well as motivational factors.
Hygiene factors are very much essential for existence of motivation at workplace. It is required
by manager or leaders in a David company to ensure hygienic environment at workplace as this
will assist them in providing the high level of satisfaction to employees. It will also help them in
inspiring people to retain their job. In addition to this, management in A David company can
provide proper training to cleaning staff and they can also instruct workers, as this will help them
in ensuring proper hygiene at workplace. The other factors related to job which motivates
employees are performance recognition, sense of achievement, promotional as well as growth
opportunities, meaningfulness of work etc. In context of A David Co., to provide training as well
as development opportunities to employees, as this will help an organization in retaining the
highly skilled and talented workers (Flood and Romm, 2018). It is required by manager or leader
Illustration 1: Maslow theory of Motivation
(Source: Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs,2018)

in A David co. to given ownership of work to employees, as this will assist workers in increasing
the level of their confidence and employees will feel motivated to perform specific activity.
Leaders can create competitive environment at place, as this is one of the best techniques for
positively influencing people to increase their working efficiency.
Process theory of motivation :
Vroom : This hypothesis is based on the assumption that behaviour results from conscious
choices among different alternatives. Vroom theory states that motivational level as well as
performance of workers are highly influenced by individual factors such as skills, expertise,
knowledge, abilities etc. It is required by manager or leader in A David Co. to communicate
clearly the expectation of management by employees. Management in a David co, can also
implement Employee empowerment strategy, as this will motivational technique will assist them
in encouraging other people to improve their performance (Alvesson, Blom and Sveningson,
2017). In addition to this, participation is the other technique in which management should allow
workers to participate in decision making process, as this tactic will enable workers to feel
themselves as valuable. Incentive system can be developed by manager, as this will assist
manager in motivating people to make their significant contribution in achievement of goals.
Lockes theory of motivation : As per this theory, it is required by management in A David co.
to set SMART objectives or short/ long term targets, as this strategy will assist them in
motivating people to increase their working effectiveness , efficiency as well as productivity.
Leader or manager in A David organization should provide people with sufficient resources, so
that they can easily complete their task in an effective as well as systematic manner. As due to
challenges and other issues employees might feel demotivated as well as avoid doing particular
activity.
Emotional intelligence can be defined as the potential of an individual tpo control as well
as express their own emotions.
Behavioral psychology is based on concept that all behaviors are developed through
conditioning. In simple words, this hypothesis is based on the assumptions that behavior of an
individual is high influenced by factors in external business environment. This hypothesis can
be utilized by human resource management team in A David Co. for analyzing the behavior pf
employees. As by developing the understanding about the way workers behave, human resource

manager in A David can support employees in developing goods habits. The humanistic
approach criticize the Behavioral psychology, as it states that epsychodynamic perspective is too
deterministic. Humanistic approach is based on the assumption that an individual behaviour is
highly influenced by their childhood experience.
TASK 3
1. Characteristics of an effective team as opposed to ineffective team.
Team can be defined as group of skilled as well as talented people working together in
order to accomplish specific project or accomplishing particular target. There are 5 different
types of team in A David co. these are :
Functional team: It is a team of permanent employees working in A David organization. This
team includes employees working in same functional unit but they have different responsibilities.
In context of A David, managers are appointed for controlling as well as managing people in
specific function units. Role of functional manager in A David organization is to eliminate
hurdles in transferring of work from one group to other.
Operational team : Role of operational team in A David co. is to perform routine business
activities. It is the duty of operational team to support other types of team. Function of
operational manager is to ensure that all the business procedures goes smoothly.
Project team : It is a temporary team in A David co. This team is developed for completion of
specific project. Role and responsibility of project manager is to complete the task on time.
Cross functional team : This team in A David Co. consists of people working in different
functional units. Cross functional team handles particular tasks which requires extra expertise
and inputs.
Problem solving team : It is team which is formed in A David co. for resolving specific
business issue.
Effectiveness of team can be referred to as potential as well as skills of employees
working in a group to accomplish a desired objective.
Basis of comparison Effective team Ineffective team
Meaning Effective team meaning
generation of intended results.
Ineffective team does not
produced desired outcomes.

Members contributions All the people in an effective
team makes their significant
contribution in
accomplishment of group
goals.
There is contribution of only
few team member in
achievement of target.
Discussions Open discussion are
encouraged by leaders.
Members of an ineffective
team are not at all interested in
discussion.
Division of labor In effective team, clear
assignments are made.
Unclear distribution of roles
and responsibilities.
Communication Soft communication takes
place between people in an
effective team.
Soft communication takes
place between people
ineffective team.
Cooperation All people in effective team
co-operate as well as support
each other
Team members in an
ineffective group fingure
points each other.
Tuckman forming, storming, norming and performing theory.
Forming : this is a stage where people in a group are highly dependent on leaders for getting
the direction.
Storming : all people in a team concentrates on achieving some position in a group. At this
phase, Compromises may be required to enable progress.
Norming: Roles and responsibilities are clear and accepted by all people in a group. Big
decisions are made by group agreement. It is required by leaders in A David co. to delegate
Smaller decisions to individuals or small teams within group.
Performing : At this phase, people are aware about their roles and responsibilities. They are more
concerned about completion of their work. This is a phase where people in A David co. has
shared vision. All members are directed towards accomplishment of business goals.

According to the belbin theory there are basically nine roles which he has divided into
three sections these are people, action and thought oriented. Every role is related to
interpersonal strength as well as typical behavior of an individual.
Implementer : Their role is to transform plan into actions.
Coordinator : role of coordinator is to control the performance of team members.,
Shaper : their roles is to give shape to the activities and helps in achievement of desired results.
Team workers : Role of the team members is to perform the tasks as per the instruction given by
leaders.
Resource investigator :It is role of investigator is to determiner the requirement of resources .
Plant supervisor : Their main role is to act the source of idea. It is the duty of plant to present
new proposals in front of team members.
Monitor evaluate : They are basically responsible for evaluating the consequences of decisions.
Role of monitor is to evaluate the problem.
Specialist : these people have specialized skills and they have been appointed for performing
special tasks. They are also hired for supporting team members in completing the tasks.
Complete finisher : This role refers to someone who brings a specific skill set to a team but does
not impact too much on team dynamics.
TASK 4
1. Application of concepts as well as philosophies of organisational behaviour within an
enterprise.
Path goal theory is basically a leadership hypothesis. This theory is based on the
assumption that it is a leader who complements his followers a swell as compensate for their
shortcomings. Path goal theory states that it is the quality of an effective leader that they provide
workers with clear path which helps employees in accomplishing the desired objectives. As per
this theory it is required by manager or leader in A David co. to motivate as well as support their
followers in accomplishment off targets. Manager or leader in A David co. can positively
influence employees to improve their performance by appreciating them, recognizing the work,
rewarding them for making their significant contribution in accomplishment of target. In addition
to this, it is required by manager or leader in A David co. to help their followers in becoming the
productive team member (Antonacopoulou, 2018). Leader in A David co. should concentrate on

providing motivation as well as high level of satisfaction to employees. Path goal theory also
states that Employee satisfaction is contingent upon the leader’s performance as both a facilitator
and coach and rewards their employees for effective performance. As per the path goals theory
there are basically four styles which can be adopted by leaders in A David co. these are :
Directive path goal clarifying leader behavior : As per this it is required by manager as well as
leader in A David organization to clearly communicate their expectation to employees in context
of performance as well as quality standards. In addition to this, it is very much essential for
leaders in A David. Co to develop the understanding about the expectation of employees from
management. For instance, workers in an organization might expect reward, appreciation from
management for their performance.
The achievement-oriented leader behavior : as per leadership style, leaders in A David co is
required to set challenging targets as well as they should shows confidence in context of ability
of their followers to accomplish specific objectives.
Participate leader behavior : Leaders with this type of leadership style consult their followers
before making any decision. In context of A David company, it is required by leader in an
organization to enable employees to participate in decision making process, as this will assist
them in getting the innovative idea for solving specific issue .
Supportive leader behavior : manager or leader with this type of leadership style have focus on
fulfilling the needs as well as meeting the expectation of workers. In context of A David co.
supportive leadership style is adopted by leader in distressing situations.
Contingency theory : This hypothesis states that effectiveness of leader is measured in terms of
leadership style adopted by an individual for handling specific situation. Contingency theory is
based on assumption that there is no specific leadership style which can be applied to all the
situations. In context of A David co. to make choice of the best leadership style for dealing with
complex situation.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it has been summarized that working environment as well as
culture in an organization has great effect on individual as well as team behavior and
performance. The other thing which has been found during the study is that politics , power and
culture have both positive and negative influence on employees as well as company. It has been

concluded from the assignment that there are two types of motivation such as extrinsic and
intrinsic which inspires people to work. The other fact which has been found is that effectiveness
of the team is completely based on leadership. It has also been concluded from the report that an
effectiveness of the team can be measured ion the basis of results generated by them. In addition
to this, an effectiveness of team can also be measured in terms of capacity or ability of people to
achieve target.
There are different strategies has been suggested in the study which can be used for
motivating employees to participate in different business activities.

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ONLINE
Vroom expectancy motivation theory.2019.[Online]. Available through
:<https://www.yourcoach.be/en/employee-motivation-theories/vroom-expectancy-
motivation-theory.php>.