Reducing Smoking Among Young Adults

This assignment focuses on developing a plan to reduce smoking prevalence among young adults. The plan requires conducting research to understand the factors contributing to smoking, analyzing collected data, and proposing effective action strategies. The document also includes ethical considerations for the research process and outlines a project timeline using Gantt charts and schedules.

RESEARCH PROJECT IN
HEALTH AND SOCIAL
CARE SETTINGS

TABLE OF CONTENTS
RESEARCH TITLE.........................................................................................................................3
INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1A.........................................................................................................................................3
Chapter 1 : Introduction..........................................................................................................3
1.1 Aims and objectives of the research.................................................................................3
1.2 Research project description.............................................................................................3
TASK 1B.........................................................................................................................................3
Chapter 2 : Literature review..................................................................................................3
1.3 Critical review..................................................................................................................3
TASK 1C.........................................................................................................................................4
1.4 Research project specification..........................................................................................4
1.5 Plan and procedure for research project...........................................................................4
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
Chapter 3 : Methodology........................................................................................................4
2.1 Research methodology.....................................................................................................4
2.2 Research investigation in agreed specification.................................................................5
2.3 Recording and collect data based on research questions.................................................7
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................7
Chapter 4................................................................................................................................7
3.1 Data analysis.....................................................................................................................7
3.2 Findings and interpretation...............................................................................................8
Chapter 5..............................................................................................................................11
3.3 Conclusion and recommendations..................................................................................11
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................13
4.1 Research outcomes.........................................................................................................13
REFERENCE.................................................................................................................................14
APPENDICES...............................................................................................................................16

RESEARCH TITLE
“The effects of stop smoking initiative among young adults in London”: A case study on
NHS.
INTRODUCTION
Research in health and social care sector is essential for providing better treatment
services and varieties of ideas for improved health promotion. In this regard, proper social
welfare and useful to aware society with side effects of smoking and drugs. The present report is
based on understanding different aspects of controlling smoking initiative among young adults of
NHS. It is health and social care organisation of London that provides physical and mental health
treatments as well different tips for health promotion (Bell, 2014). However, as a student of
health and social care, a research is to be conducted for analysing negative impacts of smoking
on adult's health of society. Including this, collected data through secondary research method and
result as occurred problems due to smoking is to be described. Moreover, research methods and
presentation of collected data in systematic manner can be expressed through this assignment.
Thus, learners are able to understand side effects of smoking on human body as well different
tips to reduce the issue through this report.
TASK 1A
Chapter 1 : Introduction
See appendix 1st.
1.1 Aims and objectives of the research
See appendix 1st.
1.2 Research project description
See appendix 1st.
TASK 1B
Chapter 2 : Literature review
1.3 Critical review
See appendix 1st.

TASK 1C
1.4 Research project specification
See appendix 1st.
Ethical consideration in research project: -
See in appendix 2nd.
1.5 Plan and procedure for research project
See appendix 1st.
Gantt chart:-
See in appendix 3rd.
TASK 2
Chapter 3 : Methodology
2.1 Research methodology
Research methodology comprises of methods to collect data by which position of entity
in market is analysed to face competition (Bell, 2014). In this process, data are collected through
different methods such as primary and secondary data collection can express below:-
Primary data collection: - For this purpose, information are gathered through conducting
survey, face to face interview and door to door asking questions and etc. In this process, actual
position of entity is analysed for operating further implementation and improving quality
services of entity. It is primary data collection which has no link with organisation's last years'
performance and future intention. In addition to this, qualitative and quantitative research
methodologies are applied in which different customers' views are analysed on the basis of which
further strategies are implemented for improving quality services as well fulfilling their demand
(Chengappa and et.al., 2014). For conducting survey, several methods are used like; sampling,
random sampling, cluster and snow ball sampling. However, respondents are selected in different
ways for conducting survey and identifying their views.
Secondary data collection: - In this data collection method, information are gathered
through ready and prepared materials like; newspaper, magazines, government publication and
other sources. It is time consuming and easy method to collect data and preparing strategies for
further implementation of entity. Thus, for the present research project, researcher is to collect

data through analysing occurred diseases due to smoking and increasing in number of died
people because of taking harmful food and drink that affects their health. Therefore, impact on
young adults in last years for conducting social events can also determined on behalf of which
further implementation and projecting can get success with reducing issues occurred in last years
(Cross and et.al., 2016). Hence, by collecting data at secondary level, several information are
gathered that lead to organise social group event in future time efficiently.
2.2 Research investigation in agreed specification
For research project regarding stop smoking initiating in young adults, data are to
collected at secondary level as gathering information of patients' diseases which occurred due to
smoking (Flick, 2015). However, research methods as qualitative and quantitative can describe
as follows:- Qualitative research method:- In this data collection method, information are gathered
through conducting survey and analysing customers' views on services provided by
entity. It includes recognising their attitude, and perception towards organisation and
services provided by it. For collecting data through this method, different opinions are
gained that is interlinked with further implementation and strategies to face competition.
Therefore, it is a kind of observation study for analysing respondents' views on services
provided by entity. For conducting this research, a deep understanding with respondents
is required by analysing their views and requirements towards product services.
However, for conducting present research project, qualitative method is to be used for
recognising potential of entity for conducting social care event and encouraging young
adults to reduce smoking and focusing on health promotion. Thus, qualitative method is
used for conducting present research project as well accomplishing its task adequately Quantitative data collection method:- Through this method, respondents' views are
analysed in quantitative form as well majority of responses are considered through
gathered data. On the basis of these collected data, various strategies are prepared for
further implementation and improvement in providing quality services of entity (Guydish
and et.al., 2016). In this regard, large number of data are collected by which current
position of NHS and its social care services can be obtained. However, varieties of
opinions are gained through this method for further improvement and encouraging people

for health promotion . On the basis of which, different strategies are prepared for
producing better quality services and improving its performance at high level. Therefore,
with the help of quantitative method, further innovation of entity can be created
effectively. In accordance to this, data is collected in statistical and mathematical form
that generates various ideas for decision making and enhancing services of organisation
in a systematic manner. It gains various senses for further implementation and
improvement in operations. Under quantitative data collection method, survey is
conducted in which several respondents are selected in different ways for expressing their
views on product services provided by entity. Survey method:- Researcher conducts survey in market and at workplace by which
different respondents' views are gained regarding services of entity. In this regard,
respondents are selected in different methods including sampling, random sampling,
cluster and snow ball sampling and so on. However, different kinds of survey methods
can be expressed as below:- Random sampling: - In this sampling survey, respondents are selected in a random form
for conducting survey. In this process, there is no fix numbering for selecting respondents
and analysing their views (Haines and et.al., 2015). Thus, for random sampling,
respondents are selected in different forms for conducting survey.
 Cluster sampling:- For conducting survey through this method, researcher segregated
overall population in group of different variables. Therefore, systematic kind of research
is conducted that remains suitable for further operations. In accordance to this, cluster
sampling is benefited for analysing different opinions in comparative form as well proper
data collection form. Hence, cluster sampling is benefited for further operations and
various implementation in future that is suitable to improve its efficiency at high level.
Thus, research is conducted through above mentioned methods for analysing
organisation's performance and treatment services as well health and social care. On behalf of
which, different ideas are generated for improving performance as well encouraging people for
reducing smoking and improving health efficiently (Jacobs and et.al., 2016).
For the present research report, researcher is to use secondary data collection method by
analysing reasons behind health issues for smoking as well occurred diseases and negative

impacts on human body. However, a great discussion regarding health and social care services
are to be expressed through collecting data. In addition to this, several ideas are generated for
encouraging young adults towards reducing smoking and health promotion.
2.3 Recording and collect data based on research questions
Researcher collects data at secondary level by analysing last years' data related to
occurred health issues for smoking and its impact on human body as diseases and number of
died people However, for this project report, a clear investigation on smoking and its adverse
impact is to generated that presents various ideas for organising event to encourage young adults
for reducing smoking and health care effectively (Lewis, 2015). In this regard, last years' data are
to be collected as well different questions are raised for conducting research and organising event
can describe as:-
 Why young adults are get attracted towards smoking?
 Determine factors that affect human body and individual behaviour for smoking.
 Which diseases occur due to smoking and spoils human life?
 Identify the ways to encourage young adults for reducing smoking and health promotion.
TASK 3
Chapter 4
3.1 Data analysis
Above mentioned questions are on the bases for conducting research and gathering
information regarding adverse effect of smoking. As per analysis of collected data, it is
recognized that different diseases are occurred because of smoking that emerges physical and
mental health issues. In addition to this, data analysis is an approach that evolve identifying last
year's performance on the basis of which further strategies are formulated as well implemented to
prevention from smoking and promotion of healthcare (Prochaska and et.al., 2014). It is
benefited for improving human life and health promotion through aware society with different
tools for health promotion and proper sociology in effective manner. Including this, as per data
analysis, it is interpreted that smoking injures human health also various diseases are occurred
because of harmful food and drink. However, it is obtained that cancer is occurred at most
because of smoking that is cause for increasing number of died people. Therefore, it is required

to be monitored as well appropriate for encouraging young adults towards reducing smoking and
health promotion effectively. It is possible through conducting stop smoking initiating social
program and improving health promotion at high level. Thus, proper health and social care can
be gained for social development of country as well conducting research effectively.
3.2 Findings and interpretation
Researcher evaluates last year's performance for analysing occurred several diseases due
to smoking and impact of organising social care programs for preventing smoking in last year.
However, different results are obtained can express as:-
Analysis 1st : Disease occurred at most level because of smoking
Interpretation: - It is considered that smoking injuries to health. For analysing last years'
data related to diseases occur due to smoking, it is recognised that cancer occurred at most also it
affects an individual's life. In this regard, as per 12 months' collected data for cancer survivor at
most. Number of treatments for cancer survivors are at large scale in comparison to other
diseases. It is because of smoking and taking other harmful food and drink which is against
human health. Although it is get reduced but required more initiation for stop smoking so that
proper social and healthcare can be obtained effectively. However, by conducting social care
event as stop smoking initiating for health promotion, different young adults of UK will be
encouraged for reducing smoking and contribution in health care for social welfare.
2nd analysis: Overall data interpretation of diseases occurred due to smoking

Interpretation: - It is determined that cancer disease occurred at the highest level which
injures human body and became reason to died. In accordance to this, several diseases are
emerged related to mouth, throat, liver and so on. However, death of people as well young aged
had increased at high level due to smoking and health unconsciousness. It is required to be
controlled through encouraging society towards reducing smoking and promoting health. By
conducting health and social care programs and aware society with adverse effects of smoking as
well providing health promotion tips, health and social care can be improved in context of social
development of country as well public welfare effectively.
3rd analysis: Prevention from smoking due by conducting social care program in previous
year

Interpretation: - As per internal discussion and analysing NHS performance for reducing
smoking and health care programs, it is analysed that at most level, 75% male population get
rescued from smoking who belong to 16 to 24 year group. However, on average overall 90%
males get saved from smoking and remaining 10% females as well. In the last year, NHS get
succeed in conducting health promotion seminar and encouraging youth for preventing smoking.
Likewise, for future time also, it can encourage young adults through conducting stop smoking
initiating as well health promotion effectively.
4th analysis: Male and female ratio for preventing smoking in last years

Interpretation:- As per general analysis of UK for cigarette smokers' preventions are
segregated in different age group of male and female. It is recognised that males belong to age
group in between 25 to 34 are prevented for smoking in last year at high level. In this regard,
several physical and mental health issues get solved out that rescue to occur health injuries. In
addition tom this, age group people of 18 to 24 are secured by 25% for smoking and saved their
life through attending health promotion seminars. In addition to this, NHS get succeed in last
year for encouraging young adults towards reducing smoking effectively. On the basis of this
performance, it can be forecast that in future time, organisation will get succeed in encouraging
adults for stop smoking initiating and health promotion adequately.
Chapter 5
3.3 Conclusion and recommendations
Conclusion

The report is concluded that research project in health and social care is essential for
reducing smoking and promoting health. In this regard, several process and steps are presented
for healthcare and encouraging youth for prevention towards smoking and improving their
health efficiently. However, data collection through last year's performance of NHS for
organising campaigns regarding stop smoking is recognised that is interlinked with current
position and creating innovations for conducting research in more efficient way. In addition to
this, several adverse effects of smoking and tips for reducing it are presented through this
assignment. Moreover, importance of conducting research project in health and social care is
presented in systematic manner for reducing smoking and improving healthcare services
systematically . Including this, various tones of data are collected as well presented for health
promotion and better quality services to enhance sociology and health promotion factor at high
level. Hence, significance of health and social care through aware society with side effects of
smoking and several suggestions to improve health is obtained that affects human body and
several improvements for social care efficiently.
Recommendation
As per analysing last year's collected data of NHS in occurred diseases and their
treatments towards prevention of smoking, it should be recommended that it must be reduced.
Several number of diseases and increasing number of died people is obtained that requires to be
controlled. However, provided tips and suggestions for reducing smoking should be followed on
efficiently that affects health and social care of an individual. Including this, adults who belong
to age group 16 to 24 must be care of family and guardians therefore they can understand the
difference between right and wrong in context to smoking and harmful food and drinks.
However, it is essential for organisation to conduct event for stop smoking initiating in
systematic planning procedure therefore, young adults can be encouraged towards stop smoking
and improving health effectively. Moreover, it is needed for entity to prepare strategies related to
advertising side effects of smoking and health improvement tips so achieve proper social care. In
addition to this, students of school and college require to aware with side effects of smoking and
health promotion tips so that proper health and social care of people can be achieved interlinked
with social development of country. Thus, it is forecast that the research project related to stop
smoking initiating should be conducted as well proper implementation in healthcare would be
achieved effectively through this research project

TASK 4
4.1 Research outcomes
Enclosed in attached ppt.

REFERENCE
Books and Journal
Bell, J., 2014. Doing Your Research Project: A guide for first-time researchers. McGraw-Hill
Education (UK).
Chengappa, K.N. and et.al., 2014. Varenicline for smoking cessation in bipolar disorder: a
randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. The Journal of clinical psychiatry.
85(8). pp.765-772.
Cross, N. and et.al., 2016. Predictors Of Low Patient Activation When Initiating C1 Esterase
Inhibitor Therapy For Hereditary Angioedema. Value in Health. 78(3). pp.118-120.
Flick, U., 2015. Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research
project. Sage.
Guiney, H., Li, J. and Walton, D., 2015. Barriers to successful cessation among young late-onset
smokers. NZ Med J. 90(6). pp.51-61.
Guydish, J. and et.al., 2016. A Pilot Study of a Readiness Group to Increase Initiation of
Smoking Cessation Services among Women in Residential Addiction Treatment. Journal
of substance abuse treatment. 78(4). pp.39-45.
Haines and et.al., 2015. Picture Me Smokefree: a qualitative study using social media and digital
photography to engage young adults in tobacco reduction and cessation. Journal of
medical Internet research. 74(1). pp.56-78.
Jacobs, M.A. And et.al., 2016. Using Tumblr to reach and engage young adult smokers: a proof
of concept in context. American journal of health behavior. 6(5). pp.48-54.
Lewis, S., 2015. Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches.
Health promotion practice. 74(4). pp.473-475.
Prentki, T., 2013. The applied theatre reader. Routledge.
Prochaska, J.J., and et.al., 2014. Efficacy of initiating tobacco dependence treatment in inpatient
psychiatry: a randomized controlled trial. American journal of public health. 67(8).
pp.1557-1565.

Smith, J.A. and et.al.., 2015. Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods.
Sage.
Treiman, D.J., 2014. Quantitative data analysis: Doing social research to test ideas. John Wiley
& Sons.
Weerahandi, S., 2013. Exact statistical methods for data analysis. Springer Science & Business
Media.
Online
NHS. 2017. [Online]. Available through: <https://www.myhealth.london.nhs.uk/?
gclid=CIu5hoCb4tQCFUUXaAodZFEDBA>. [Accessed on 29th June 2017].

APPENDICES
Appendix 1st:_
Research proposal
TASK 1A
Chapter 1 :
1.1 Aims and objectives of the research
The research project is one of the basis of specific agenda and for social welfare
regarding health promotion. Therefore, aim and objectives of study can be described as below:-
Aim of the research
“To identify effects of stop smoking initiative among young adults in London” A case
study on NHS.
Objectives of the project
The present research project sets different targets for health promotion can present as:-
 To understand the concept of stop smoking initiative.
 To evaluate factors that encourage young people for smoking through present research
project
 To identify effects of smoking on young adults.
 To suggest ways that can make top smoking initiative program more successful in
reducing smoking and improving health
1.2 Research project description
Rationale of the study: - The research project is related to understanding concept of stop
smoking initiative for young adults' health promotion. In this regard, a group of NHS is to
conduct a program that set motives to aware society with effects of smoking on human body.
However, it remains effective for organisation's effectiveness and health promotion for young
adults also effective to reduce physical and mental health issues. In addition to this, several tools
for conducting research and program for stop smoking initiative and improving health
(Chengappa and et.al., 2014). Likewise, a systematic planning procedure for research project

through collecting data related to side effects of smoking and several tips for health promotion
are introduced. Including this, several methods to organise event in relation to encourage young
for reducing smoking and health promotion are presented. Thus, this research project is essential
for health promotion and aware young adults with side effects of smoking.
Definitions of key concepts and theories: - Through this research project, ideas to stop
smoking initiative for health and social care are generated. However, various theories and
methods for organising event to solve out health issues presented by providing side effects of
smoking. Including this, for conducting research, different approaches are to applied in relation
to philosophy, design, data collection method and so on. Therefore, NHS is planning to organise
a healthcare event to reduce smoking and improving health effectively also appropriate for
public welfare (Cross and et.al., 2016). In this regard, proper planning procedure for conducting
research and encouraging youth through program. Thus, deep understanding for initiating for
stop smoking concept and health promotion tools is motive of the research project.
Background to the research problem: - National Healthcare sector is health and social
care provider organisation of UK that encourages people for health promotion. It provides
treatment for physical and mental health related issues also gives suggestion for health
promotion by organising events s. In this regard, the present report is based on presenting various
tools for reducing smoking and promoting health efficiently. Including this, effects of smoking
on young adults and different tips for encouraging them to stop its use is to presented affects
health promotion and build up society's trust (Flick, 2015). For this purpose, data are collected
regarding last years' performance for identifying side effects of smoking and solutions to getting
prevention from it through this assignment. Besides this, concern for occurred health issues and
tips to reducing them are introduced through proper projecting and saving many adults' life.
Thus, research related to identifying smoking effects on young adults as well several steps to be
taken against them are understood that remains related with health promotion.
TASK 1B
Chapter 2 : Literature review
1.3 Critical review
Stop smoking initiative

According to Guiney, Li and Walton, (2015) stop smoking initiative is essential for
reducing smoking and encouraging society towards health promotion. It is a kind of event that
organises by social care entities also aware young adults by presenting side effects of smoking
on human body. However, different tools are applied for stop smoking initiative remains useful
for health promotion and saving different people life. Including this, through conducting
programs and events, effective trust of society is build up towards healthcare services. Moreover,
various tips and suggestions are presented for reducing smoking and getting repulsive are
identified. Likewise, side effects and occurred issues because of smoking are recognised through
this initiate program. It is recognized that stop smoking initiation is kind of social event that
encourages people for reducing smoking and attracting towards health promotion. In addition to
this, several steps and projects are conducted for awareness of society and decreasing smoking.
It influences physical and mental fitness as well behaviour of an individual in society where he
lives. Therefore, organising smoking initiating also involves scientific investigations with fact
finding so that society's trust can be gained effectively. Thus, different processes and steps are
used through conducting events that affects social care and promoting he lath promotion.
On the contrary to this, Guydish and et.al., (2016) claims that only a few people
encourage towards conducting initiative program. However, the individual who has a negative
perception and habitual of smoking remains unable to make them understand towards side
effects of it. Including this, promoting healthcare services are difficult to an each particular
person regarding health and social care. Including this, it is difficult to make them understand
adults having bad company and circle of friends because of they already get attracted towards
smoking as an enjoyment. Including this, it is recognised that person who is in pressure attracted
towards smoking at high level impacts his body and further different health issues are occurred.
As per critical evaluation, it is identified that stop smoking initiating program may unsuccessful
because of these mentioned issues related to society's attitude and perception towards smoking.
Hence, it is essential to encourage young adults for reducing smoking and promoting health by
using different advertisements. For example; presenting articles in newspaper and magazines,
using social networking sites, publicity and so on. Therefore, society can understand the side
effects of smoking as injures an individual health. Including this, it is also required to advertise
program of stop smoking initiating program efficiently to reduce smoking and saving human life
in effective manner.

Factors affects young adults towards smoking
As per the point of view of Haines and et.al., (2015) young adults get attracted towards
smoking because of influences of different factors that affects human body. It includes company
in which an individual lives, stress and anxiousness etc. Therefore, various factors are affected
adults for smoking that injures their life. In addition to this, young people get attracted towards
smoking because of environment in which in live and negative perception that encourage them
for using it. However, it resulted to occurrence of different health issues also emerges stress,
behaviour with other people and so on. In this regard, various factors are influenced because of
smoking including their attitude towards sociology and cast where they live and thinking like
smoking enhances their lifestyles which is practically negative for his health also different issues
are occurred. In addition to this, in the mindset of adopting new culture and creating new
environment, adults get attracted towards smoking and other harmful things which are against
health promotion. In adolescence age, bad company of friends, group and environment where an
individual lives attracts him for smoking and getting habitual of it. Thus, it is essential to aware
young adults and college students related to side effects of smoking and its adverse impact on
human body.
Author argues that Jacobs and et.al., (2016) in modern era, negligence of family by
providing freedom to adults at high level encourages an individual for smoking. It impacts on
human body adversely as well several physical and mental health issues are occurred. Including
this, environment of society get disturbed also several issues are obtained that that affects their
attitude and sociology as well their lifestyles. Moreover, different factors affect human
psychology and culture to live their life as well behaviour with other people. Along with this,
attitude and perception of human towards smoking affects health and their personality to living
in the society and culture. Therefore, it is essential for health and social care entities to encourage
people for reducing smoking and taking care of themselves. Including this, it is crucial for them
to promote their friends and companions by presenting negative impacts of smoking on human
life. Apart from this, by presenting factors and side effects of smoking to young adults, there
would be less health issues and various positiveness as well friendly environment can be created
through this process. Hence, it is required to make understand college students and young adults
towards impacts of smoking on human body as well different suggestions for reducing it to
promote health promotion.

Effects of smoking on young adults
In opinion of Lewis, (2015) smoking is injuries to health that occur different physical
and mental issues. However, several negative impacts are obtained due to smoking and also
environment of society get disturbed. In addition to this, excess of smoking impacts on mental
and physical health also creates stress, anxiety, anger etc. In accordance to this, it affects human
psychology and environment where an individual lives. Different issues are occurred related to
health and human psychology. In this way, negativity spreads also distracted mindset by
smoking as habitual. Therefore, family and emotional support affects adversely including
disturbance in society is created. Moreover, various factors are determined that impacts on
human body and their behaviour in society. Thus, it is considered that smoking affects human
psychology and sociology adversely due to which several physical and mental health issues are
occurred. As per collected data, it is also obtained that most of the health and social care entities
get succeed in encouraging people for reducing smoking and improving health effectively.
Hence, it is needed for social care organisations to conduct and organise programs by presenting
side effects of smoking as well several tips for health promotion.
On the other side of the point, Prentki, (2013) argues that young adults get attracted
towards smoking at large scale because of living in company of bad companions. However,
various health related issues are occurred that affects society and its environment adversely. It is
also considered that reason behind smoking is also negligence of family in which family
provides freedom to adults at high level. For this cause, they attracted towards smoking and
negative things at high level. Including this, various tools are impacted that disturbs environment
of society negatively. Therefore, it is most required for social care institutes to motivate people
for reducing smoking and presenting health promotion tips. In addition to this, social awareness
remains interlinked with building up trust of society towards healthcare and its promotion.
Hence, by using these tools including advertising health promotion tips and positive influence of
society. Through this result, society people will be able to suggest and recommend their friends
and family to not using smoking as well focusing on health promotion tool at large scale. It will
be valuable for creating positive and effective environment of society as well different human
lives would be able to rescue from diseases. On behalf of such factors, young adults will aware
with harmful effects of smoking and also would be attracted towards health promotion at high
level.

TASK 1C
1.4 Research project specification
For the present research project, different approaches are to be applied can describe as
below:-
Research approach:- There are three kinds of research approaches applied for
conducting research like; deductive, inductive and abductive. All of three can understood as:- Deductive approach: - For conducting research through this approach, validity of
assumptions and hypotheses is verified through deep research (Prochaska and et.al.,
2014). However, research on collected data as prepared material is done for finding facts
towards assumptions. Inductive approach: - In this approach, new theories are generalised for conducting
research and collecting data. In this regard, current position of entity and its product
services are gained (Smith and et.al., 2015). For example; gathering information by
conducting survey, face to face interview and so on. Thus, new theories are applied as
well collected data has no link with last years' performance of entity and future intention.
 Abductive approach: - Data collection process through surprising facts and puzzles done
through abductive approach. It generalises interaction between specific and general
motives of research project.
For the present research project based on conducting stop smoking initiating among
young adults, researcher is to apply deductive approach. It is because for data collection,
information are to be gathered through analysing last years' performance of entity as well adverse
impact of smoking on human body in previous years (Treiman, 2014). Hence, information can be
gathered through using last years' data by which further health and social care event can organise
effectively.
Research philosophy:- Several approaches of research philosophy can be described as:- Pragmatism:- In this research approach, both quantitative and qualitative methods are
applied for conducting research. However, mixed data and designs are presented for
gathering information to prepare further strategies and their implementations
(Weerahandi, 2013).

 Positivism:- For conducting research through analysing large samples comes under this
approach. In this regard, highly structured framework for research project is prepared for
further operations (Bell, 2014). Realism:- In this method, a specific method is used for collecting data by either choosing
quantitative or qualitative. Therefore, specific information regarding entity and its
services are gained through this process.
 Interpretivism:- For conducting research, investigation on small samples is created that
generates different ideas for further implementation (Chengappa and et.al., 2014). In this
process, proper strategies and planning is prepared for effectiveness of organisation and
improving its efficiency.
Hence, for recent research project, positivism approach is to be used in which prepared
data are to be analysed for organising event related to stop smoking among young adults.
Research design:- It is considered as structure for conducting research and
accomplishing tasks. However, a framework for research and plan is structured by which
research is done in a systematic manner. There are several kinds of research designs like;
descriptive, correlation, experimental and semi-experimental as well review (Cross and et.al.,
2016). These all approaches can be described as below:- Descriptive:- In descriptive research design, all issues, theories and implementations are
involved for conducting research and collecting data. It is naturalistic observation study
in which positive and negative aspects are evolved for solving out issues and
accomplishing set goals. Thus, descriptive approach is useful for research and designing
all structures regarding strategic implementation (Flick, 2015). Experimental research design:- In this design, all experiments with random assignments
are involved that are appropriate for conducting research and accomplishing task
effectively. In this regard, research on facts and identified tools is created that describes
fact finding and accuracy towards set target.
 Correlation: - It is observational study for conducting research and creating connection
between two variables. For example; analysing relation of selling items with gained profit
(Guiney, Li and Walton, 2015). In accordance to this, customers' views are recognised by

which different ideas are generated for better quality services and conducting research
systematically.
Thus, for identifying stop smoking initiating impact on young adults, experimental
research study is to be conducted. For collecting data, information will gather from secondary
sources as last years' performance. However, various tools and substances are determined for
further operations and organising event for social welfare.
Data collection: - Using above mentioned approaches are used for conducting research
and collecting data. For this reason, information are to be gathered through prepared materials as
analysing last years' performance. In this process system, analyst is to collect data through
analysing reports for conducting social care events in last years as well their performances
(Guydish and et.al., 2016). Through this method, information related to impact of conducting
research on young adults will be gained for further implementations. Apart from this, data will
be collected through newspaper, magazines, news channels, radio related to preventing smoking
and improving health. Therefore, by collecting data through this method, different organisations'
role for this social care can be analysed. However, by data collection is an effective approach for
decision making and preparing plans regarding innovations in healthcare sector. Thus, through
this process, all collected data will be used for further development programs and organising
event regarding health and social care effectively.
Data analysis:- After collecting data, analyses of information is done by which several
ideas are created for organising social care program more systematically. In accordance to this,
mistakes made in last years' programs are analysed that can be reduced in future time as well
various tools are obtained for implementation in an adequate manner. In addition tot his, for
organising event as stop smoking initiating by social care group, it is essential to analyse last
years' performance and impact on young adults towards heal. Thus, data analysis is one the great
approach for organising social care event and encouraging youth in adequate manner (Haines
and et.al., 2015). However, systematic planning and decision making can be created to reach out
to set target and stepping for aware society with side effects of smoking as well health
promotion. Therefore, data analysis is also essential for research project and its succession by
which plans are made for health promotion and encouraging youth towards reducing smoking.
1.5 Plan and procedure for research project

As a member of social care group of NHS, for organising event to reduce smoking and
health promotion among young adults, it is required to create a planning procedure (NHS, 2016).
It involves all activities including conducting research, collecting data, analysing and fuhrer
preparing as well implementing strategies. In this regard, a systematic research project can be
accomplished for encouraging youth towards reducing smoking and improving their health.
However, following planning procedure is to be followed on for accomplishing task as well
projecting can describe as:-
Plan Activities Estimated cost
incurred on
project step
Time frame
Preparing agenda At first, list is to be prepared that
involves all activities to be
implemented for research project.
50 1 week
Conducting research  Data are collected through
conducting research at
secondary level.
 Analysing last years'
patients ratio who had
diseases or died by
smoking.
 Research is to be conducted
by gathering information
through analysing last
years' performance and
impact on youth by
conducting healthcare
seminars.
150 2-3 weeks
Collecting data Through conducting research, all 100 1 week

data are collected that presents
NHS performance and healthcare
sector's effectiveness.
Data analysis and
setting preparing
strategies
All gathered information are
analysed by which strategies are
prepared for organising event to
encourage young adults for
reducing smoking and and
promoting health.
Including this, decisions are made
for further steps to be followed on
regarding social welfare and health
promotion.
250 2-3 weeks
Implementing action
plans
Set activities for projection are
implemented in this process
through organising event.
Work is segmented among team
members of the project according
to their interest and abilities.
700-800 6-7 weeks
Review all activities In this process, project get succeed.
Therefore, performance evaluation
is presented including projection
and workers' contribution.
Including this, comparison between
actual and standard position is
created that proceed to bridge the
gap.
250 2 weeks
Feedback and At the last stage of projecting, 300 2-3 weeks

reporting feedback from all team workers is
taken and further report is prepared
that evolves all activities and team
workers' contribution.
Appendix 2nd:_
Ethical consideration in research project
For conducting research, several ethical considerations are required to be focused for
collecting data and implementing plans regarding further implementation. However, during
collecting data, it is needed to gather information critically as well not required to present
positive impacts. In this regard, several tools for using search engines and social networking
sites, it is necessary to not try for access the sites which restricted by other hospital entity.
Including this, for advertising related to conducting social care event in upcoming time, all
information must be true and fair. However, medication and services to patients must be secured
and safe. Thus, all of these ethical considerations are required to be focused that proceed to
organise event for sociology and proper healthcare regarding reducing smoking among young
adults of the society.
Appendix 3rd:
Network diagram: -
Gantt Chart: -

Schedule for research project: -
Task
Mode Task Name Duration Start Finish Predecessors
Manually
Scheduled Preparing agenda 1 wk Thu 6/29/17 Wed 7/5/17
Manually
Scheduled Conducting research 3 wks Thu 7/6/17 Wed 7/26/17 1
Manually
Scheduled Collecting data 1 wk Thu 7/27/17 Wed 8/2/17 2
Manually
Scheduled
Data analysis and setting
preparing strategies 3 wks Thu 7/27/17 Wed 8/16/17 1,2
Manually
Scheduled
Implementing action
plans 7 wks Thu 8/3/17 Wed 9/20/17 3
Manually
Scheduled Review all activities 2 wks Thu 8/3/17 Wed 8/16/17 2,3
Manually
Scheduled Feedback and reporting 3 wks Thu 8/17/17 Wed 9/6/17 3,4

Appendix 4th: