Literature Review Analysis and Summary

This assignment requires analyzing and summarizing a literature review that includes 17 articles and online resources related to various aspects of management, such as healthcare leadership, management development, and ecopreneurs. The analysis involves identifying key concepts, themes, and findings from the reviewed literature, which can be used for further research or studies in these areas.

The Developing Manager

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Comparison between different management styles..........................................................1
1.2 Leadership characteristics within the two organisations..................................................2
1.3 Communication processes in businesses..........................................................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5
2.1 Assessment of management skills and performance........................................................5
2.2 Analysing personal strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats.............................8
2.3 Setting of goals and targets on priority basis to develop own potential...........................8
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................9
3.1 Role of a manager in motivating a team to achieve an agreed goal or objective.............9
3.2 Justifying managerial decisions made to support achievement of agreed goal or objective
with appropriate recommendations......................................................................................10
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................11
4.1 The way own managerial and personal skills will support career development............11
4.2 Preparation of development plan....................................................................................13
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................15
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................16

INTRODUCTION
In the modern era, developing managers play a vital role in every single organisation.
Their responsibility is to do planning, staffing, organising and controlling all the activities which
are related to operations of company. Apart from this, they also motivate and direct subordinates
so that they can attain their own targets in stipulated time period. Training and development
programmes may help in improving the skills and knowledge of working staff members. By all
the activities, organisation can give hard competition to rivals and improve both profitability and
productivity in an effective way (Beratarrechea and et. al., 2014). Apart from this, a developing
manager hires the best candidates so that they can show their talent within company. With the
help of this, firm can achieve targets in an effectual manner. This report includes first section is
showing comparison between Thomas Cook and Saga Travels and in second section the
organisation which has been taken i.e. Frankie & Benny's. Assignment is also considering
different principles which show the behaviour of management. Lastly, various managerial skills
that help in hitting the targets in an efficient manner and career/development plan has been
discussed.
TASK 1
1.1 Comparison between different management styles
It is important for managers to have different leadership styles within them. This helps
them in giving proper sort of environment to employees at workstation. A developing and
talented manager can easily lead its staff members towards their goals and objectives so that they
can hit it in efficient time period. Apart from this, supervisors also plays a vital role in front of
subordinates like they can motivate them and manage the work. Away from this, recruiting
talented people so that productivity can get increases of organisation. It has been found that most
of managers and leaders follows two common management styles and these are mentioned
below:
System approach
System Approach in Thomas Cook helps to fragment whole system into multiple sub-
systems. It is simply a approach to assemble parts into a one complex system.
Some of its features are:
 Elements of system posses interacting property.
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 Everything is inter-dependent and inter-related.
 Every sub-system co-relate and hence avoid isolation property.
 Each module receives some input which gets processed and delivers some output.
 Dynamic structure of Thomas Cook makes is vulnerable to changes. Therefore, all it's
sub-systems be responsive in nature.
System approach in Thomas Cook inter-relates various functions like planning,
organising, directing and controlling, which helps it to make effective decisions.
Contingency approach
Contingency approach in management makes an organisation more responsive and
adaptive to change. Dynamism is one of the factor in large scale firms like Thomas Cook, to
make its management strategies more flexible to circumstances. It can be applied to fields like
economy, finance, marketing and sales, service management, human resource management, etc.
Being travel related financial service provider, Thomas Cook is more prone to
unpredictable situations that can occur in it's management functions. Hence, applying
contingency approach, where assumption is taken that there is no specific pre-defined solution
for problems, gives management a creative and critical thinking.
Autocratic: This type of management style gives opportunities to managers to take
decisions by their own. In this, they don't take any suggestions from any other like subordinates.
Away from this, the decision that they have made every single staff member have to follow with
putting any questions. Managers set policies like they set benchmarks for employees. Hence,
workers have to finish their work so that they can give their best at workstation (Cheung and et.
al., 2014). Compromising in this may deduct a percentage of wages of subordinates. This type of
style can be stated as oldest one from any other management style. Thomas cook deals in tour
and travel sector and is famous in all over world for the packages that they give to consumers.
This organisation's manager follows autocratic style.
Democratic: In this type of management style, managers do not take decisions by their
own. Before making any determination they take suggestions from subordinates of company this
helps them in making a perfect and effective decision for firm. This management style also aid in
giving motivation to employees. Apart from this, staff members feel important and a part of
organisation. This aid company in increasing loyalty of subordinates so that they work with them
for a long time. Also, it helps in enhancing employee relations and a healthy environment. Saga
2

Travels uses this type of management style that aid in making beneficial decision in regards to
improve percentile of profit (Cozolino, 2014).
Comparison in between Thomas Cook & Saga Travels mentioned beneath:
Thomas Cook Saga Travels
 Managers of Thomas Cook make
decision by their own without taking
suggestions from their employees.
 Subordinates have to follow all the
decisions that they have made in an
appropriate manner.
 Confusion may not arise at workstation.
 Staff members put full efforts at the
time of decision making process.
 Subordinates have rights to put their
opinions so that it becomes beneficial
for company.
 Confusions may arise as suggestions
are many but leaders and managers
have to pick just one which is more
beneficial than others.
1.2 Leadership characteristics within the two organisations
A leader of a company direct, motivate and support organisation's subordinates. He/she
plays an important role within the company. Their characteristics may vary from situation to
situation in firm. In running operational business activities in a successful way is the main duty
of a leader. These supervisors leads their employees toward their goals and objectives and
support and give directions to them so that staff members can hit targets in an effective and
efficient manner. Managers of both Thomas Cook and Saga travels uses various management
styles are as follows:
Autocratic leadership style is the one which management of Thomas Cook uses, some
characteristics of this are as follows: Power in hand of Supervisor: Managers in this type of style take decisions by their own.
They do not find it mandatory to ask subordinates in decision making process. It can be
stated as managers in this are self-centred and think that they can make appropriate
decisions for betterment of Thomas Cook. Less belief in subordinates: Under this, managers think that subordinates may not give
proper suggestions for developing. Hence, they take decisions on their own.
3

 Deputation of authority: Managers do not give any authorities to staff members. These
subordinates only work to hit individual’s targets on daily basis. Communication: In this managers only conveys what they have decided and do not take
suggestions from staff members. It can be stated as one way communicational activity.
 Motivation: This type of management style may not help in motivating staff members.
Hence, manager’s belief in this by compensating employees in terms of money for their
extra work apart from benchmark (Crawford, 2014).
Saga Travels uses democratic management style. There are some characteristics that are
as follows: Guidance from leaders: Subordinates under this type of management style may take
guidance from supervisors. Help in decision-making process: Managers and leaders may take suggestions from
employees. This aid them in making a perfect sort of decision. Tools and resources: It has become vital for managers to give updated tools to
employees so that they can attain their own targets in a short period of time.
 Problem solving attitude: Under democratic style managers gives liberty to employees so
that they can solve their problem by themselves.
1.3 Communication processes in businesses
A communication process is dynamic, contextual, continuous and irreversible in nature
(Communication Process Model: Understanding how to master the process of communication.
2016). Following are the important elements of a communication process:
 Sender (encoder)
It is the source from where message is generated. Here, conceptualization for encoding a
message takes place.
 Medium
It is the element used for communication. For example e-mail, letter, face-to-face.
 Channel
It is responsible for delivery of message from source to destination and vice versa. For example
post office, internet, radio.
 Receiver (decoder)
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It is the end point of communication that acts as a sink a.k.a destination. Here, decoding and
interpretation of message takes place.
 Feedback
It shows whether encoder extracted intended meaning of transmitted message or not.
 Context
It signifies a tangible or intangible aspect which is needed for communication. This include
place, time, event, etc.
 Noise
It means interference. The success of a communication process is only considered when
message's integrity is not altered by noise.
In an organisation, management and subordinates uses various sort of communications at
workplace. These interactions may help in making all the operational activities easy. It has
become vital for firms management to give all the details about changes that they are going to
make. This reduces confusions and conflicts situations at workplace. Some of communications
patterns are mentioned beneath:
Verbal communication: One of the basic element that every single organisation rapidly
uses. Management of both of companies Thomas Cook and Saga Travels uses this sort of
communication to communicate with subordinates and do find if they are working in a proper
manner or not (Daley and et. al., 2016) .
Written Communication: Top level management mostly follows this kind of
communication to convey actions, strategies and plans to middle level of management.
Employee relations gets increases under this.
Non-Verbal: This kind of communication includes sign language. Managers uses
symbols like thumbs up that shows subordinate that did good work.
Linear Communication: Both of organisation uses this kind of communication which
improves relation in between employer and employee. Information can be given under this from
top to middle and then to lower level (Zhao, 2015).
Lateral Communication: Conversation in between subordinates of same designations so
that information can be transferred from one point to another. This can be stated as horizontal
style of communicating.
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Formal Communication: This type of communication can be understand as, orders from
senior authorities to subordinates and suggestions from staff members to administrators. Saga
mostly uses this type of conversation.
Informal Communication: Thomas cook uses this type of communication where
managers and leaders only give orders to subordinates and do not take suggestions from them.
Barriers in effective communication:
 Jargon is one of a kind method that cannot be get understood easily.
 Suggestions from different employees may put leaders and manager of organisation in
confusions.
 When some employees do not understand the accent or language of supervisors.
1.4 Analysis of organisational culture and change in company
Macro and micro environment plays a vital role in context of organisational culture.
Hence, it is important for managers to analyse them in a proper manner so they do not put
negative impact on employees. There are so many factors that affect organisational culture and
these are mentioned beneath:
Internal Factors that affect in this context are described below: Determinations: All the decisions which are related to operational activities that
managers takes it is their responsibility to convey it to subordinates. Human Resource Practices: HR manager’s responsibility is to recruit candidates who
have unique talents so that they can help in enhancing productivity of organisation.
 Socialization: It has been found that in this context culture affects performance of an
individual. This may come in front in both ways negative or positive (Derwik, Hellström
and Karlsson, 2016).
External Factors mentioned beneath: Context of Community: Employees comes from outside world only. Hence, they may help
in brining changes in operational activities. These innovative ideas brings up the goodwill
and brand image in front of society. This functions affects both Thomas Cook and Saga
Travels. Govt. rules & regulations: It is essential for a developing manager to keep on looking at
employee legislations. Government modify and bring changes in policies which are
related to welfare of employees (Ellis. and Abbott, J., 2014). To keep on running business
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in a succeeding manner then administration of both Thomas Cook and Saga Travels to
adapt changes so that favourable conditions can be made for staff members.
 National Culture: At the time of expanding business, organisations face problems
because of different cultures that come across. Hence, management has to make proper
decisions so that company can overcome those problems in a short period of time.
TASK 2
2.1 Assessment of management skills and performance
Professional Abilities Current Level
5 = Strong
1 = Weak
Best Current
Example
Ways to
improvement
Communication
Qualities
4 Clayton Crown Hotel
is one of famous hotel
in England. I have to
improve my
communicational
skills so that I can
deliver good services
to consumers as per
their requirements.
Communication
classes can resolve this
issue.
Listening abilities 3 Reduce or remove
conflicts in between
subordinates.
For keeping
environment healthy I
have to listen carefully
the problems of
employees.
Leadership cognition 5 Directions to
employees towards
their goals.
It is essential for me to
understand where
individuals are weak
and show them ways
to overcome.
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Preparations and
Creating
4 I have to form
strategies so targets
can be achieved.
I can take suggestions
from other supervisors
and from employees as
well.
Presentation Talent 3 Presenting all the
details in front of
supervisors that I have
gathered from market
so that they can make
appropriate sort of
decision (Hunt and
Weintraub, 2016).
This can be done by
doing continuous
research of
marketplace.
Issues resolving 5 Issues of employees
comes in front at
workplace on daily
basis in front of me.
Listening to
subordinates problems
and give them a proper
sort of solution.
Professional cognition 5 I already have proper
knowledge related to
this as a consultancy
organisation already
told me about this.
Adaption of new and
updated technologies
can easily help in
attaining this.
Squad work 4 I have to find out all
the needs and wants of
my squad.
Performance of staff
members and their
requirement can help
me in achieving this.
Self-administration 3 I have to make plan on
regular basis so that I
can attain my own
goals (Varela and
To hit the target pre-
planning is essential
for me.
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Gatlin-Watts, 2014).
Time administration 4 I can make a time
table for me so that I
can finish my work
right on time.
Time management
strategies can help me
out in this context.
Technology
acquirement
2 Learn different things
from internet so that I
can improve my skills
and knowledge.
Various educational
sites may help me in
this context.
2.2 Analysing personal strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats
To recognize a person's competence and constraints SWOT analysis gives a platform to
identify and notify available strengths and weaknesses as well as opportunities and threats that
can be used for crucial decision making of career growth.
Strengths Weaknesses
 Leading diverse and multiform team in
an effective manner.
 Motivating employees for better work
performances.
 Participative and relevant
communication practice with fellow
employees (Tabrizi and et. al., 2016).
 Practice proper work ethics and
discipline when it comes to work
 Continuous work pressure increases
frustration level.
 Slow learner when it comes to adapt
technical advancement.
 Get indulge in small tasks so deeply that
sometimes I forget big picture.
 Need calm and silent work environment
or I lose my temper.
Opportunities Threats
 Fast learner when deals with real work
environment.
 Tech savvy.
 Effective and descriptive
 Settlement of conflicts and disputes as
soon as possible or it affects my
concentration that gradually leads a
downfall in my performance (Islam and
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communication skills that helps my
peer coordinates to understand problem
faster that results in productive
outcome
et. al., 2015).
 Poor career planning leads to negligence
of competition in the market.
2.3 Setting of goals and targets on priority basis to develop own potential
My goals and objectives with duration of time:
Targets Time duration
It is important for me to improve me knowledge in regards to my
profession. This may help me in becoming more powerful at
workplace. Books and case study can help me in this context.
20 days
Another objective is to come out easily from complex and stressful
situations. To do this, I can take special consultancy classes.
25 days
One more goal is to formulate a plan so that I can manage my work on
daily basis.
30 days
My goals and objectives with duration of time:
Aims Time duration
To improve my ability it is essential for me to learn about new tools
and techniques from time to time that are coming in market.
18 days
Another objective is to present myself in front of seniors so that they
can understand. I also want to become productive for company.
13 days
Lastly, it is mandatory for me to make a plan so that I can become more
effective and efficient.
28 days
TASK 3
3.1 Role of a manager in motivating a team to achieve an agreed goal or objective
Manager’s main responsibility in an organisation is to manage all the activities which are
related to operational actions. Duties of a manager are planning, staffing, organising,
10

coordinating, etc. Managers may also organise training and development programmes to improve
the skills and knowledge of its team members. This type of action may lead staff members to
become more effective and efficient in context of company. Apart from this, managers can also
motivate workers towards their goals so that they can attain them in short period of time (Kallas,
2014).
In 1995, Frankie & Benny's restaurant was found by two partners, i.e. Frankie and Benny.
They both are continuously improving their goodwill and brand image by delivering quality
services to consumers. From time to time manager of this restaurant keeps on clearing the vision
and mission of organisation in front of subordinates. This aid them in making decisions which
may become beneficial for them.
Some roles of manager in team building are as follows:
Communication with squad members: A developing manager should keep on
communicating with its team mates. It helps them in pulling out all the problems that
subordinates are facing at working area. Frankie & Benny's restaurant's supervisors may aid in
removing conflicts in between employees (le Roux, 2016).
Leading and motivating squad: Management should also keep on motivating its team
members so that they can attain their own targets in an effective manner. Implementation of this
may improve Frankie & Benny's restaurant sales and give proper sort of experience to its
customers.
3.2 Justifying managerial decisions made to support achievement of agreed goal or objective
with appropriate recommendations
Manager of Frankie & Benny's restaurant plays a vital role in all the operational
activities. He/she is the one who have all the responsibilities which are related to business
management. Supervisor has to keep on controlling and managing all the tasks in an appropriate
manner. Most of the time, this superior makes decision in favour of firm and employees
(Schaper, 2016). He/she cannot think about just for one. Within the firm it is necessary to make
decisions which are favourable for staff members.
Apart from this, manager of Frankie & Benny's restaurant have to form plans by which
company can adapt changes that they are facing at marketplace. Also, they have duties to remove
all the barriers that are coming in accommodating alterations.
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Recommendations and improvement areas for Frankie & Benny's restaurant are
mentioned as below:
Feedbacks: Frankie & Benny restaurant's management should keep on taking feedbacks
from both consumers and employees. This may help them in improving all operations and in
enhancing satisfaction level of customers by giving them appropriate services.
Clear mission and vision: For improvement of productivity and profitability in modern
era. It is vital for Frankie & Benny restaurant's management to give all the details to employees
so that they put full efforts in attaining their targets in an efficient manner (McKinney, Evans and
McKay, 2016).
Healthy environment: It is mandatory for firms to keep on elaborating all the aspects by
which they can improve environment of workplace. This activity build loyalty of employees with
organisation.
Enhancing sale of services: Frankie and Benny restaurant's management can do different
promotional activities. By this they can easily improve their sale of products and services. They
can promote restaurant in both paper and online advertisements. This process grabs most of
people in a short period of time.
Quality of products and services: For sustaining at marketplace for a long time it is
important for Frankie & Benny's restaurant to keep on improvising services that they are
providing to customers as their taste changes from time to time.
TASK 4
4.1 The way own managerial and personal skills will support career development
A person can enhance benchmark established for every conditions in enterprise by which
they move up in personal life. For this career development plays important role in transforming
skills and knowledge required to be possessed by an individual. So, by framing programs
through which I am able to grow in future time. Companies is able to improve their productivity
and profitability if superior are proficient, competent and experienced. Hence, I carry out
activities through which targets specified are achieved on time (Miceski and Tashkov, 2017). So
a superior is required to have these qualities so that they are able to accomplish organisation
goals and objectives are stated beneath:
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Communication: Human resource manager is required that they provide all necessary
information to all staff members. If employees know about outcomes they are able to function
appropriately through which specified results are accomplished. For this, I keep improving my
abilities so that I am able to connect with each individual of firm.
Thinking: Superior is required to have capability to foresee things in different manner; so
that it help in taking appropriate decision for organisation. Hence, I am able to thought ideas in
contemporary way by improving my skills.
Learning: Superior is able to get various experiences as they encounter diverse situations
in company. Through this I, learn new things through which they can deal with complex
conditions easily and able to prosper in career.
Career Ambition
What are outcomes that can be accomplish by using BTEC HND?
BTECHND is a diploma course in which individuals are required to invest their two
years. As a result they gain knowledge through which they are able to take appropriate decisions
which provides advantage to organisation.
After completion of this course, what can be done forthwith?
An individual can join various other programs through which they learn new things.
What other activities you will do within two years duration?
I will find opportunities and select one through which I am able to prosper in my career.
In three years period, what will you do?
Within these three years, I will associate myself with reputed firm. This will help me to
get practical knowledge by working in organisation. So I will be able to grow up in my career by
improving my capabilities.
In five years duration, what will you do?
As five year time is sufficient to gain wide experience. So for this, I will join Marriott
Hotel and at manager position.
Work Experience
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In what all sectors you have gain experienced and in what all profiles? Example:
restaurant service, marketing, life-saving, cooking, dressmaking, taxi-driving, yacht crewing,
football refereeing, childcare, personal care, bar services, catering, cleaning and so on (Scala,
Mota and Delahaye, 2016) .
 I had gained two years’ experience in managing area by working in a popular restaurant
i.e. Frankie & Benny's restaurant in United Kingdom.
Current Employment Status
Nowadays, you are engaged with particular company? Whether it may be full or part-
time?; Seasonal?; Vacations?
 Presently, I am working in Frankie & Benny's restaurant at post of manager.
Work Skills Profile
What are abilities that you can showcase in front of human resource manager? Example:
marketing, report-writing, punctuality, negotiating, reliability, administrative, team-playing,
analytical, computer, etc.
 Recently, I am supervising a team and which are able to perform tasks in better manner.
What skills of yours can play role in becoming a manager?
A manager is proficient if they possess abilities such as team building, decision-making,
problem solving, communicating and so on (Murtagh and et. al., 2014). These skills help them to
direct employees and make them function effectively through which specified results are
accomplished.
4.2 Preparation of development plan
Goals Current
Experience
Target
Experience
Opportunities/
Development
Places Where
Things Can
Be Done
Period Of
Time
Proofs
Ability to
interact
If candidate
keep their
hands folded,
then this
Focus on
things that
are
impossible to
I am able to
enhance my
skills by
connecting
Taking
opinions and
suggestions
from my
12 days Attending
various
meetings
and sessions
14

present
negative
impression in
front of other
person.
be done. with people in
various
meeting.
colleagues. through
which I am
able to
communicat
e with
various
people.
Ability to
manage
time
Accomplish
activities
within
deadlines
without
keeping
watch on
time.
Achieving
targets by
figuring out
and making
procedures
accordingly.
Activities are
given ranking
according to
most and least
preference.
Estimating
that activities
are taking
place and
completed in
accordance to
time table.
22 days Time period
Abilities
related to
leadership
Able to lead
team properly
which
consists 50
people.
Able to sort
out issues
which are
faced by
subordinates
by
connecting
with them.
Inform
employer
about
problems
which are
faced by all
staff
members.
It is not
simple task,
as I
communicati
ng with all
workers not
possible.
24 days Taking
opinions
from group
person so
that
appropriate
decision are
made.
Ability of
decision-
making
Possess skill
to select
options
which are
good for
organisation
(Pegram and
Taking
decisions on
time on basis
of past
experience.
Executives
help in
making
appropriate
decisions
which are
fruitful for
Examining
past
workability to
know their
performance.
32 days Enquire
about
outcomes
from
administrati
on and then
taking
15

et. al., 2014). firm. promise
from team
members.
Ability to
solve
problems
Finding
solutions of
complex
situations in
small time.
Regularly
figuring out
problems and
sorting them
timely.
Taking
support of
past decision,
which may be
either result in
positive or
negative
manner.
Seniors can
provide
suggestions.
36 days Applying
problem
solving
concepts.
Ability
related to
presentatio
n.
Presenting
information
which is
easily
understandab
le.
It may be not
much
attractive.
In this skills
are learn by
attending
various
meetings.
Providing
learning to
employees by
communicati
ng outcomes.
12 days Making
presentation
simple
which is
easily
understanda
ble.
CONCLUSION
From the above report, it can be comprehended that it is superior’s duty to take care of all
business activities. They are able to accomplish the organisational goals and objectives if
manager’s capabilities are evolving with time. This benefits firm to enhance their reputation in
market by establishing effectiveness in their team members and providing them proper skills and
knowledge. Manager needs to keep them dedicated towards their job by using various tactics. As
a result, they are able to complete activities within specified time limit as well as help firm to
achieve targets in a better manner with gaining high profits.
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