Leadership, Management & Organisational Development

This assignment delves into the core concepts of leadership, management, and organisational development. It examines different leadership styles, managerial practices, and strategies for enhancing organisational effectiveness. The assignment incorporates real-world examples and case studies to illustrate these principles in diverse business contexts.

The Developing
Manager

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Comparison of different management styles....................................................................1
1.2 Leadership characteristics................................................................................................4
1.3 Communication process within business..........................................................................6
1.4 Organisational structure and culture within business.......................................................7
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................8
2.1 Own management skill performance................................................................................8
2.2. Analysis of personal strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats...........................9
2.3 Set and prioritise objectives to develop own target........................................................10
TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................10
3.1 Lead and motivate team to achieve goal........................................................................10
3.2 Justification on managerial decisions made to support achievement of agreed goals and
recommendations for improvements....................................................................................12
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................13
4.1 Own managerial and personal skills that support career development..........................13
4.2 Review on career and personal development needs.......................................................14
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................16
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................1

INTRODUCTION
The developing manager refer to process in which own skill sets are evaluated, managed
and enhanced so that organisational goals can be achieved. These skills include management,
leadership, technical and personal skills. In this report comparison is carried on two hotels are
taken based on management styles, motivational theories, characteristics, communication and
cultural and structural change. SWOT analysis is done to acknowledge own skill set. SMART
analysis is done based on certain objectives related to skills (Smart Goals, 2019). At last career
development skills are discussed and improvement in those skills with specific moment of time
is provided.
TASK 1
1.1 Comparison of different management styles.
Managers perform their specific roles within organisation and handle operations and
activities. They use different management styles for accomplishing goals and objectives of
business. These styles vary from organisation to organisation and manager to manager as
everyone has different skill set and they adopt different styles of managing depending on that
skill set (Ang and Van Dyne, 2015). This can be acknowledged by comparing two organisations
based on their management styles, for these two organisations of hospitality industry are
considered they are, Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts and Grosvenor Group. Management styles
opted by these organisations are compared below:
Management style Different management styles are used by them depending on working
conditions within working environment.
Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts Grosvenor Group
 Transactional management style is used
by Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts. In
this manager of Four Seasons gives
rewards and incentives like bonus,
gifts, to motivate their employees.
Manager focus on performance,
organisation and supervision
 Manager has opted for democratic style
of working. Managers allow their
employees to make decisions related to
any team objective as this will lead to
something innovative. Different people
within team have different viewpoints
related to specific situation and they
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(Beratarrechea and et. al., 2014). They
are completely dependent on rewards
and punishments for achieving job
performance from their employees.
 Apart from this, they use Laissez-faire,
in which team perform to attain certain
objectives. In this style employees
makes decisions related to certain
objective which they are given and they
opt for guidance from manager in case
they face any kind of problem.
can discuss openly by which innovative
idea can be developed for specific
problem or formulation of solution.
 Apart from this, they are also using
transformational style of management.
As per this, focus of manager of hotel is
on pushing employees out of their
comfort zone and make them realize
their potential. This helps employees to
raise their standards which leads to
enhanced performance of team.
Different challenges are given by
manager so that employees can be
motivated. They are innovative and
they can adapt to any modifications
which are made in strategies and
working environment. They ensure that
employees are not forced so much that
they feel pressurised.
Classical management theory
This theory states discusses about economic and physical needs, social needs and job
satisfaction needs of employees which are not considered. In this theory emphasis is on
organisation rather than employees who are part of that organisation (Bolden, 2016). As per this
theory organisation is treated as machine and employees are treated as components of that
machine. Outputs are valued more rather than employees (do not matter whether they are
pressurised or not, effective output is must). Managers have different views related to this theory.
Different theories are followed by managers of organisation they are as:
Classical theory of
Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts Grosvenor Group
2

 Scientific management approach is
followed by organisation. This theory
synthesizes and analyse workflow. It
aims at improving economic efficiency
and labour productivity specifically.
 Scientific methods are used to
determine effective ways to perform
task rather than usage of common sense
or inductive approach. Manager of Four
Seasons Hotels and Resorts monitor
performance of employees and gives
supervision and instructions to them. It
is based on simplification,
specialisation, standardisation and
planning, this will enhance productivity
of Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts and
establish trust between employees and
management.
 Bureaucratic approach is used by
organisation. This theory is proposed
by Max Weber. As per Weber, two
elements are necessary to govern
organisation and its employees, they
are structuring of organisation into
hierarchy and specified rules.
 This theory focus on necessities of
organisation in rational way.
Employees are effectively divided by
Management of Grosvenor Group and
their responsibilities and power is
balanced. Promotion and selection of
workers are done on basis of skills
possessed by employees, their
experience and age. Manager ensure
that they are not influenced by personal
relationship and benefits.
System approaches of management
This is field of management in which stress is on interdependence and interactive nature
of internal and external factors within organisation. This approach is used to assess market
elements which can have effect on profitability of organisation. This approach considers that
organisation has inter-related and dynamic parts (Buckingham and Coffman, 2014). Effective
communication with subsystems results in accomplishment of organisational goals and
objectives. System approaches which are used by different organisations are shown below:
Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts Grosvenor Group
 Open system approach is used by Four
Seasons Hotel and Resorts. In this
 Closed system approach is used by
Grosvenor group. In this system,
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system each subsystem interacts
actively with environment.
 For example, information can be shared
between different departments of
organisation, information is shared
between them.
subsystems are self contained within
their working environment. This system
is non-adaptive.
 For example, research department do
not share information with other
departments.
1.2 Leadership characteristics.
Person who have influence on certain group of people for achieving a specific
organisational goals and objectives is referred to as leader. Leader is person who holds superior
position in specific field and is able to influence and control other employees working under
them. In both Hotels leader possess same qualities as they have to perform specific job role.
Leaders possess certain characteristics which are shown below:
 Leader is responsible for creating vision within organisation and in both Four Seasons
Hotels and Resorts and Grosvenor Group vision is created by Leader. For managing clear
identification over vision leaders implies the use of autocratic style of leading in which
leader control every step and activity of employees.
 Decisions are taken by leader. For achieving goals, leader formulates plan and ensure that
those plans are followed by employees.
 Leader motivates their employees and inspire trust among their employees. Employees
are motivated.
 Strategies are created by leader to achieve consistent result through disciplined processes.
However, different motivation theories also play a crucial role in managing control over
characteristics of leaders. Motivation is copied from word motive which means accomplishing
requirements which needs satisfaction. Motivation formulates reason for actions of people, their
willingness to perform those actions and achievement of goals (Cozolino, 2014). Motivation can
be considered as important factor for driving or achieving goals of organisation. Different
theories of motivation are used by leaders within different organisation. Motivational theories
used by Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts and Grosvenor Group are mentioned below:
Maslow's Need Hierarchy Theory in Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts and Grosvenor
Group:
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With the help of this theory leaders of hospitality firm focuses on needs of people. Needs
are classified from low to high in hierarchical manner. Theory is defined below:
(Source:Maslow's hierarchy of needs, 2019)
Physiological needs: They are basic needs which includes water, food, air, shelter,
clothing and other necessities for survival. They strongly influence behaviour of human.
Safety needs: It is main requirement for people working within organisation. It includes
security from physical dangers and economic security. People work a lot as this factor needs lot
of money.
Social needs: Manager of Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts ensures that employees work
as a team so that insecurity related with isolation do not occurs within working premises. Social
needs include companionship, social interaction and belongingness.
Esteem needs: This includes self-respect, self-esteem, independence, knowledge,
competence, achievement and self-confidence. This enhances capability, strength and self-
confidence which are useful for organisation. Rewards and appraisals are given by manager of
Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts whose performance is good.
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Illustration 1: Maslow's hierarchy of needs, 2019

Self-Actualisation needs: It is combination of higher, intermediate and lower
requirements of human. It refers to feeling of fulfilment. Employees are involved in process of
decision making by managers of Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts. Leader helps employee to
realise their potential. Conflict resolution:
On the other hand, Conflict resolution is another practice of leaders which demonstrate
individual characteristics. It is essential for team leader to resolve conflicts at initial stage so that
adverse conditions do not arise. Different ways are followed by different organisation to handle
these conflicts, they are as:
Conflict resolution in Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts
In Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts, in this Leader gives green chit to employees who
are have higher position within organisation. This will not motivate employees but lead to
insecurities among them.
Conflict resolution in Grosvenor Group
In this problem is identified and perspective of conflict is evaluated by leading or
managing person of organisation. Manager tries to find out solution by which situation can be
resolved. In this employee are made to work for a common goal and they communicate with
each other to resolve those conflicts. Leader boost up employees as they are made to find out
solution for their problems.
Role of partnership and stakeholder
Partnership refers to collaborative relationship between different organisations. Purpose
of this to work towards common goals by division of labour on which every partner agrees upon.
Partners shares equal profit and loses within business. They focus on achievement of goals and
motivate employees for effective working (Hunt and Weintraub, 2016). Stakeholders is investor
who has invested in particular organisation, they have interest in success and progress of
organisation. Internal stakeholders have financial interest, they have invested as they have
curiosity in success of organisation. They have voting rights based on shares owned by them,
these votes can affect budget items, oversight, key position hiring and profits. External
shareholders have not invested any funds within organisation even they don't have voting power.
Their role reflects environmental or government concerns and community. Employees are in
partnership to achieve specific goal and formulate strategies for achieving them. Leading persons
are stakeholders they have invested specific amount within organisation.
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1.3 Communication process within business.
Communication refers to two-way process which includes thoughts, ideas, opinions are
exchanged between two or persons with shared understanding (Mintzberg, 2017). They can be
either verbal or non-verbal in nature. Different communication processes are used by different
organisations.
Communication process in Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts
Verbal communication refers to auditory exchange of information. Within hotel it is
carried out as normal communication by speaking. It can be in form of words, sounds and
speaking. Pitch, volume and tone depicts effective communication. The focus of hospitality firm
is on verbal communication because it supports clarity over ideas and individual opinions. This
communication strategy helps the hotel in managing informal as well as formal communication
among manager and employees of business. These conversations take place either through
phone.
Communication process in Grosvenor Group
In Grosvenor group, written communication takes place by e-mail, letter or text
messages. This information can be handwritten or sent as on mail. It can be sent by single person
but read by multiple persons. Like in email cc and bcc options are there to send mail to multiple
people. In accordance with manager of hotel written communication reduces the risk of
misunderstanding, communication gap, etc. which supports smooth flow of information mong
responsible individuals.
1.4 Organisational structure and culture within business.
Organisational structure refers to system which outlines way in which activities are
carried out to achieve desired goal (Ward, 2016). Different types of structures are used by
organisations which are discussed below:
Organisational structure of Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts
Traditional structure is used by them. Employees with certain skills and employees with
similar skill set work together as team in same department.
Organisational structure of Grosvenor Group
They use Matrix organisation chart. Groups are formed and they work as a team to attain
specific goal under guidance of project manager (Incardona and et. al., 2014). It provides open
communication and flexible working environment.
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However, Cultural change is a concept that denotes internal and external factors leading
to change within organisation. There are numerous internal and external factors lead to cultural
change.
Factors influencing Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts
Technological factors have strong impact on organisations. Organisation needs to adapt
these changes and give proper training to employees to accumulate those changes and implement
them. Like hotel can opt for features like opening and closing door of room with their smart
phone.
Factors influencing Grosvenor Group
Political factors affect organisation. Change in policies, rules and regulation can have
strong impact on organisation like taxes. Manager ensures that no child is working in their
premises. Change in economies also affect Hotel as visitors visit hotel rarely. Demographics also
have impact on this industry.
TASK 2
2.1 Own management skill performance
 Being assistant manager of Clayton Crown Hotel, London which is a brand of
Dalata Hotel Group, I need possess certain skills. I need to analyse my skills for
successfully achieving objectives of organisation. Skills which I use to complete my
responsibilities are mentioned below:
 Management skills: These are skills possessed by me to effectively and efficiently
complete my task and attain overall objective of organisation. Management skills include
planning of events, organisation of jobs and other activities performed within
organisation, problem solving and decision making.
 Leadership skills: For accomplishing goals, effective leadership is must for every
organisation and for assisting manager. I use democratic and autocratic leadership styles.
 Technical skills: When sales of different services are required then these skills are
utilized by me. With help of different methods like giving certain benefits to guests or by
making changes in official website for making it attractive as per customers feedback.
 Personal skills: For maintaining effective environment within working premises, it is
necessary to build friendly relation between employees. My focus as assisting managing
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person is on setting right direction for employee by giving them informal and formal
suggestion. In my opinion I good at managing boost in employee’s performance but
guiding them right direction to work effectively.
 Skills audit:
Skills Very strong Strong Neutral Rare
Management skills ✓
Leadership skills ✓
Technical skills ✓
Personal skills ✓
2.2. Analysis of personal strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats.
I am assistant manager of Clayton Crown Hotel, I need to analyse my strengths,
weaknesses, opportunities and threats for managing improvement in me on performance. For this
I will SWOT analysis, it is shown below:
Strength Weakness
 Team management.
 I have excellent communication skills
by which I can convince people and
resolve various conflicts.
 I can handle different kind of people
and large number of people.
 I don't have appropriate resources to to
adopt new skills.
 Multitasking becomes difficult.
 Handling of large team, conflicts
resolution is difficult.
 Staff is not skilled which leads to
miscommunication.
Opportunities Threat
 Skills can be enhanced like
management skills, technical, personal
and leadership.Needs sufficient amount
of time
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2.3 Set and prioritise objectives to develop own target.
I need to update my skills and enhance my knowledge. To improve my skills I have to
acknowledge certain things, they are as:
Build aim: Enhance technical, management, leadership and personal skills.
Smart objectives: I need to build my own objectives to enhance my skills.
Specific : I want to be specific, enhance my existing skills they are personal, technical,
leadership and management skills.
Measurement : It should be measurable in quantitative terms. After achievement of my goals, I
can gather lots of knowledge related to specific skills. Knowledge can be enhanced in respective
perspectives.
Achievable : This will help me to ensure that goal is acceptable and practically possible to
attain. This objective is achievable as skills can be developed by effective communication with
others and observations.
Relevant : These skills are relevant as they will help me to reach greater heights and will highly
affect my growth. This objective is relevant as it will help me to develop different skills.
Time oriented : It will require me around an year to develop these skills. Apart from this,
anything can be learned at any moment of time by anyone.
TASK 3
3.1 Lead and motivate team to achieve goal.
To accomplish organisational goals, leader must ensure that employees are motivated and
they are lead in appropriate directions. Leader of Frankie Benny's ensured that employees are
motivated effectively (Perlmutter, 2017). Leader needs to evaluate needs of employees are met.
For motivating team or employees of restaurant, leader uses different ways which are are as:
 Goals must be clearly set and make them clear to each employee. identification of clear
goals can lead to high output.
 Emphasise on communication, direct involvement of team and openness. Leader of
Frankie & Benny's focuses on discussions which are carried out to solve problems.
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 Managing person of restaurant business focus on effective communication with
employees at every level which promotes sense of belongingness and satisfaction
among workers.
Communicating: Motivation plays vital role for leading team members. Leader must posses
effective communication skills so that they can give proper guidance and motivation to their
employees (Retallack and et. al., 2016).
Team building
Team is built for effective working, for achievement of desired goal and objective. It
refers to systematic process which is designed to enhance functioning of team and working
relationship so that blocking barrier can be removed. (Van Hoorn and et. al., 2014). Manager of
Frankie & Benny’s focuses on stages of team building which are as follows:
Forming: In this stage team members meet each other and share information related to
their interests and experience. With in Frankie & Benny's restaurant employees are told about
their job responsibilities in brief.
Storming: In this stage each member compete with each other for consideration of their
ideas, this may result in conflicts between them. Under guidance of team leader, they learn to
solve problems. In Frankie & Benny's restaurant employees perform their specific job role and
compete with each other to enhance their own productivity.
Norming: In this stage, team starts working to achieve a common goal rather than
individual goal. Team agrees to team rules, they share information and conflicts are resolved by
them. Employees takes decisions related to their own perspective within restaurant once they
gain efficient experience.
Performing: Focus is on reaching goal and team has become independent and do not
need any kind of oversight. Decision can be made by them and are solved by them effectively.
Manager of Frankie & Benny's restaurant ensures that team leader motivates team at regular
instances.
Adjourning: At this point, project is about to complete and team members at stage of
detachment. In this stage completion of project is celebrated and team leader of Frankie &
Benny's restaurant ensure that best practices are captured for future. This will ensure that desire
goal is achieved and employees are working further for enhancing their performance.
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However, Group dynamics is psychological process which occurs within a team at the
time of development. It helps to acknowledge decision-making behaviour, tracking different
activities within group and innovation of specific idea to achieve organisational goals (Royle and
Laing, 2014). It is necessary of manager of restaurant business to ensure diverse needs of
employee when developing team because it is the basic thing which reflects dynamics of team
Effective teams: Discussions are carried out when disagreement or conflicts occur within
a team. Team development focus of restaurant manager was on Shared values and understanding
of employees towards Common Goals Open discussion occurs, decisions are made by listening
to each individual, progress is assessed. Manager and team leader of Frankie & Benny's
restaurant ensure that effective teams are build and healthy discussions are carried out so that
overall goals of starting a new restaurant at Stratford can be achieved. Whereas ineffectiveness in
team is denoted by lack of objectives which results in destructive conflicts.
3.2 Justification on managerial decisions made to support achievement of agreed goals and
recommendations for improvements.
Various decisions are taken for effective working of functions and operations within
Frankie & Benny's restaurant. Various decisions are taken to accomplish goals of organisation:
Strategic planning: It is necessary for organisation to build and utilize plan for carrying
out operations within working premises (Turner, 2014). Manager is responsible for planning
activities and assigning job responsibilities to employees. Planning is done on basis of existing
activities and way in which they affect overall performance of organisation. Manager of Frankie
& Benny's restaurant took decisions related to modifications within communication, monitoring
of activities to manage effectiveness sin team working. Reviews from customers are taken to
enhance their experience whgen they visit restaurant next time. (Stark, 2015).
Managerial control: This include planning, organisation, directing and controlling
different operational and functional activities within organisation. Manager makes plan related to
working of restaurant, they take decisions related to day to day activities performed.
Operational control: Activities performed by employees within organisation.
Operational activities are analysed and monitored by organisation (Thornton III, Mueller-Hanson
and Rupp, 2017). Strategic planning is carried to make decisions related to different aspects of
12

activities. Manager ensured that activities within organisation are carried out effectively. Like
manager ensured that training is provided to employees based on their specific job role.
Authority, delegation and empowerment: Manager needs to make decision.
Responsibilities of organisation are divided in delegation. If they are done appropriately then
goals can be achieved effectively. Manager ensures that different teams are made and each team
has specific leader who maintains their team and handles responsilities.
Relationship building: Relationship between management and staff plays crucial role in
maintaining services and communication for successfully completing task (Thornton III,
Mueller-Hanson and Rupp, 2017). Manager of Frankie & Benny's restaurant has decided to
conduct get together of team members and meetings so that values and behaviour of each team
member can be understood. Working team of Frankie & Benny's restaurant can achieve desired
goals by mutual respect, support to peers and subordinates. Empowerment and coordination will
enhance performance of employees.
Recommendation
To enhance betterment in management strategies and meet objectives of Frankie & Benny's
restaurant, it is recommended that restaurant must focus on needs of customer. Manager must
ensure that feedback is collected from staff and customers so that different issues can be
addressed as soon as possible. To encourage standard of services and products, suggestions can
be taken from customers as well as employee to develop critical understanding over business and
business environment.
TASK 4
4.1 Own managerial and personal skills that support career development.
I am looking forward to make my career in travel and tourism industry such as Thomas
Cook of UK. This industry provides various opportunities to individuals so that they can reach to
high position by effectively contributing in achievement of goals and following directions given
by management. For this I need to acquire some managerial qualities and skills so that Skills
required for managerial activities are shown below:
Communication skills: For working efficiently within travel and tourism industry,
communication skills must be excellent so that effective communication can be carried out with
international and local visitors. After analysing my skills I can say that I have good knowledge
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related to verbal and non-verbal communication (What is verbal communication and non-verbal
communication?, 2018). They are crucial part of professional, personal development and build
relation within work place so that position can be sustained. I need to enhance my verbal skills to
deal with international visitors. For this I need to acquire knowledge of heterogeneous languages
to boost my career development.
Creative Thinking: Out of box thinking is must for leader. Leader needs to have
innovative skills so that they can think or generate solution to every problem and handle conflicts
related to any miscommunication which arises between team members. Manager must have
unique skills so that they can manage overall operations within organisation.
Learning: All individuals and employees possess different skills and knowledge related
to various aspects. This will boost career development as knowledge will be gained by learning
different aspects and individual can identify area in which they can work more effectively.
Leadership: Leadership skills are must for me as I want to gain recognition and high
position. Leadership skills are possessed by individual as they have a part a team either in their
school projects or college projects. They have little knowledge about this skill. This skill will
help me in my career in terms of implementing decision and giving directions to other team
members.
Adaptability: As technology is changing, working environment is changing and as per
that requirements of customers are also changing. To meet those changes, it is necessary that
adaptability skill must be possessed so that changing needs can be met effectively. Situations can
change at any moment of time either in positive or negative way. This skill will help to work
within changing working environment. Career development will be boosted as individual will
acquire knowledge as per recent technology which will provide different options to them.
4.2 Review on career and personal development needs
I have some skills but grooming is required on them so that I can gain heights and attain
my individual goals. For grooming these I need to analyse my own capabilities and try to
accumulate those capabilities with help of different ways, different people and this will take
some time. These skills are provided below:
Objective Current proficiency Target Development Judgement Time scale
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proficiency opportunities criteria
Communication I do have good
communication
skills in both verbal
and written form
but industry in
which I want to
make caSmart
Goals. 2019reer I
need to learn more
languages apart
from English.
To learn new
language so
that if any
visitor who do
not understand
English, I can
express my
views.
I will
interact
with
different
people,
attend
classes and
attend
seminars.Co
lleagues
It will take
around 3
months to
improve
this skill.
Leadership
quality
I have done
projects with small
teams and those
goals were
achieved
effectively but
when it comes to
large team then it
will become
difficult for me to
manage them as
conflicts of ideas
can arise at any
moment of time
and decisions
cannot be made.
I will try to be
a part of large
team and
analyse ideas
and conflicts
which arises
and formulate
strategies to
handle
particular
situation.
I will take
help from top
management
to understand
different
aspects and
learn from
them that how
goal can be
successfully
achieved
within a time.
Performanc
e can be
judged by
colleagues
and high
authorities.
Around 2
months.
Creative
thinking
Out of box thinking
requires lots of
Gain
knowledge
Interaction
with
It will take
around 6
15

knowledge related
to different aspects
of particular
industry. I do have
knowledge but it
will need some
time to accumulate
more knowledge.
from different
employees and
situation.
colleagues
and by
being a part
of different
discussions
I can get
idea and
develop my
mind as per
thatHigh
authorities
months but
at any
moment of
time
knowledge
can be
gained as
technology
is
dynamicall
y changing.
Responsibilities
and Time
management
Time management
plays crucial role
as responsibilities
can be handled but
at appropriate time
is must.
Try to
prioritize my
work on the
basis of
deadlines to
accomplish
goals and
objectives
within time.
Team leader
can help me
to develop
this skill by
formulating
deadlines
for specific
goal.
Colleagues
and high
authorities
It will take
around 2
months for
developing
this skill.
CONCLUSION
From above it is clear that development of manager is important for organisation to
enhance leadership and management styles. Classical theory and motivating styles are applied to
lead organisation. SWOT analysis is done to find out internal working environment of
organisation. By this they can identify their strong, weak points, opportunities available to them
and threats related to that organisation. Objectives and targets are built by managers to attain
ultimate goal of organisation. Employees are motivated and they are directed to work for a
common goal. Employees work within team, corporate and coordinate with each other and use
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their innovative skills in work assigned to them. Plan is developed to analyse skills acquired by
individual, various skills which are required, ways in which they can be enhanced, their
judgement and time required to build those skills within individual.
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