Operations and Management: Roles, Approaches, and Importance

This document discusses the roles and characteristics of leaders and managers, various theories and models of approach, and the importance of operations management in achieving business objectives. It also explores how the business environment impacts operational management and decision-making processes.

Operations and
management

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK1.............................................................................................................................................3
P1: Define and compare the different roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager........3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................7
P2: Role of a leader and the function of a manager are defined in various situational contexts 7
P3 Various theories and models of approach .............................................................................8
P4 Approaches of operations management and all roles of leaders and managers.....................8
P5: Importance and value of operations management in achieving business objective.............9
P6 Business environment that impact upon operational management and decision-making
process.......................................................................................................................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Operations and management is related with the planning of all organisational goals and
objectives, organise all human as well as financial resources and control them to accomplish
defined goals. It is basically administration of all organisational activities to achieve high level of
efficiency. It is the process to convert raw material and labour effects into the goods and services
in order to maximise profitability of organization. In this report chosen organisation is TASCO
which sells consumers telescopes. The organisation is founded in the year of 1954 by the George
Rosenfield, its headquarter is situated in the Miami, United state. Operations are the terms that
are related to create balance between the cost and revenue to obtain higher operating profit. In
this report all roles and characteristics of leaders an managers are discussed and differences
between them also evaluated. Roles of leaders and functions of managers according to some
situational context is mentioned in the report. Various theories, approaches and leadership styles
covered in the project report. Operation management is very important in the achievement of
whole organisational goals and objectives. There are various environmental factors that affect
the decision making process of organisation are being covered in thus project report.
TASK 2
P2: Role of a leader and the function of a manager are defined in various situational contexts
Administration department and executives plays vital role to ensure the growth of the
respective organization, achieve general goals of organization and help to establish future goals
and objectives. In the respect of TASCO, the administration and executives develop various
goals for the organization and create competitive strategies to achieve these goals in the specific
scheduled time period. Managers and leaders are the one who resolve all short term as well as
long term problems and issues to that are raised in the process of managing all activities of
management. They have responsibility to perform all task smoothly and these people are liable
for the performance of the organization(Kroes, Manikas, and Gattiker, 2018). All critical
situations are analyzed closely then, the management should take appropriate decisions.
Job dissatisfaction- This situation is raised with every one who are not satisfied with
working culture and environment of organization which is surrounded them. There are some
major factors that cause of job dissatisfaction in the employees with organizations, that are low
remunerations, no recognition for achieving goals, discrimination and operating style. TASCO

organization's managers and executives ensure that all these factors are analyzed and try to
remove them, so employees can accomplish their task and enhance the profitability of the
organization.
Conflicts- Conflicts are the general issues that are raised in the organization and affect all
activities and execution of planning in the management. In the context of TASCO, there are a
defined hierarchical structure is followed by the management team to decrease overall conflicts
in organization. It is extremely important for managers to resolve all conflicts and
misunderstanding between the organization and employees to increase working performance. All
issues regarding employees are closely analyzed and remove them to improve organization's
profitability.
There are various situations that affect the effectiveness of respective organization.
Stable situation- This stable situation is related to that condition that have no changes
are done. In the respective market, if there are no changes are occur such as inflation, deflation
and boom, in this situation the market is known in stable condition and it will not affect the
organization and its policies.
Slow to moderate changing situations- In this situation all factors that have changes
slowly according to situations and they also have impact on the all organization's activities and
procedure in effective manner. For example respective market is in the inflation condition raise
and it affect the respective organization moderately.
Fast changing situations- It is very important situation for the respective organization,
as there are rapid changes are found in the environment and they affect the organization
accordingly. Such as there are various rapid changes are found in the market because of changes
in fluctuations in the indices.
Role of leaders and functions of managers of TASCO help to achieve desired objectives.
There are various management functions as well as a number of traits and leadership styles are
available to organization that facilitate functions of management. As TASCO is well reputed and
popular organization of UK, so these functions are regulated by the organization for the purpose
of organizational benefit are discussed below:
External organizational factors- These factors are exist outside of organizational
boundaries that have various impact on TASCO. These factors are out of control of organization,
so all these are appropriately defined by the management of organization and develop various

strategies to overcome their effects. These challenges are government rules and regulations,
policies, preferences of customers and competition level that affect the organization in various
ways. External factors effect the stability and positioning of respective organization.
Internal organizational factors- Micro factors that are related to the internal
organization and have impact on organizational activities and process. There are some changes
such as administration changes, management changes, financial policies or organization and
various strategies that are related to the internal environment of organization. These factors are in
the control of organization, so TASCO can change their strategies accordingly.
There are various functions are that are done by the managers according to the various
situations. In the slow to moderate situation , managers are perform all activities that are
discussed below:
Planning- In the slow to moderate position, TASCO uses various planning techniques
such as budget allocation, proper utilization of resources, all human as well as financial resources
are available right time at right place. In this planning phase the organization have to take
effective decisions according to situations.
Organizing- Organizing is referred as a process of organize whole organizational
resources, so they can available when they are needed. TASCO make coordination by maintain
stability in the economic development and respective techniques in order to achieve results.
Leading- In TASCO organization, leaders and managers lead and guide their employees
and motivates them to achieve higher performance goals. Various opportunities also provided
them, so they are able to perform their task more efficiently. Appropriate leading enhance the
productivity of employees of respective organization.
Controlling- Controlling is the process of evaluating and examining employees
estimated performance and actual performance and if there are some variances are found then
corrective actions are taken by the management. Provide motivation to employees to correct their
mistakes. In this stage management monitor the resources and ensure their utilization in
appropriate manner.
P3 Various theories and models of approach
There are various models and approaches of leadership are available to organization that
help leader to manage, lead and guide employees and all organizational members to achieve

defined goals and objectives. Various leadership approaches that are adopted by the
administration team of TASCO are discussed below:
Situational leadership – situational leadership is referred as an adaptive style of
leadership. In this leadership style leaders evaluate all organizational as well as external
environmental factors to choose the best leadership approach that fits to their goals and
objectives. These selection of leadership approach is also depends upon the various conditions of
organization and according to the team members understanding. In TASCO leaders use this
method to take effective decisions in different situations to guide all team faculties because it is
effective for the organization working.
System theory of leadership- In system theory all executives of respective organization
prepare their plans and act according some situations. There are various principles are available
to the management to measure the working performance of employees(Liu, and et. al., 2019).
This theory help the organization to develop effective planning or course of action, designing
various activities and lead organization.
Contingency theory of leadership- This theory is an organizational theory that states all
the activities such as decision making, lead company to achieve goals and organization of
corporation are depends upon the various internal as well as external contingent situations. In
this theory leaders of TASCO are more flexible to select and adopt strategies that suits the
changes in some situations at a particular time period in the currently running organization.
Trait theory of leadership- The trait model of leadership theory is depends upon the
various characteristics and skills of leaders. It is basically use to predict the effectiveness of
leadership. In this theory all factors such as behavior pattern, thinking pattern and various
emotions are measured. TASCO use this theory to evaluate all psychological factors of leaders
and measure they are helpful to lead employees in effective manner.
P4 Approaches of operations management and all roles of leaders and managers
Operation management is generally the process of planning, designing, organizing and
controlling all organizational functions to complete them in effective manner. Leaders and
managers have played various roles in the approaches of operations management. Some
approaches are discussed below:

Just in time- In this respective approach organizational policies have concentrate on
completing task effectively and efficiently to decrease the loss of point. TASCO adopt this
method to reduce their stock in inventory and cost of holding stock in advance. The respective
organization starts production when customers order for that and organization maintain quality
according to the requirement.
Roles played by leaders- TASCO organization use this approach to decrease the cost of
organization and enhance the value that enhance the profit of respective company. They will try
to understand all factors and enhance the profitability.
Roles played by managers-These plans are adopted by the directors of TASCO to
decrease overall cost.
Six sigma- It is the method to decrease the wastage and imperfection from the process of
production of operation management. TASCO use this to enhance their productivity by reducing
wastage level of production from the operations. Six Sigma is basically related to the reducing all
factors in the operation process that increase the cost of production of organization.
Roles played by leaders- Executives and leaders use this course of action to ensue that
employees follow the defined framework(Lu, and et. al., 2017) Leaders make sure that there are
zero wastage in the production process, this will decrease the cost and enhance profitability of
organization.
Roles played by managers- Managers evaluate whole managerial functions to eliminate
unproductive stage from the operations. Managers evaluate all those factors that able yo reduce
the cost of production.
Lean production- Lean manufacturing is concentrate on the manufacturing of
organization and try ti increase profitability of TASCO. Leaders and managers also concentrate
on the lean production method to increase the overall productivity and profitability of
organization.
P5: Importance and value of operations management in achieving business objective
The concept of operation management is referred as a process to plan whole activities,
control over the waste products and manage all functions that are extremely related to the
production activities. It is the process to manage and control all resources in effective manner.
Some importance of operation management are discussed below:

Better quality product- Operation management help the organization by enhancing the
quality of respective products that they are producing. To make organization successful, it is very
Important to provide quality products to customers. TASCO should provide batter quality,
suitable and durable products and services to their customers. If customers are satisfied with the
products of organization, they will purchase that again and again. This will increase the
productivity as well as profitability of respective organization.
Productivity- Productivity is the basically capability of organization to produce goods
with the resources. Every organization have definite market share of production. It is the process
of conversion of input such as raw material into the finished goods that are ready to consume by
the customers. TASCO organization should appoint suitable employees and trained them for the
production activities(Sartal, Rodríguez, and Vázquez, 2020). Proper management of the whole
process of production is done by the supervisors. Latest technology should be adopted by
respective organization to increase level of productivity.
Customer satisfaction- it is very important for the organization to provide quality
products and services to their customers to satisfy their needs and wants. A satisfy customer is
more productive and profitable for the TASCO. Their loyalty is include with the organization
and they suggest other customers to buy products form that organization. Quality products as
well as services satisfy customers and help to increase customer base.
Reducing operating cost- Operation management evaluate whole operational functions
and reduce and waste in the process that reduce the cost of production. TASCO should
appropriately examine all operational activities and choose latest and easy channel of distribution
that contains low mediators and adopt latest technology that reduce cast effectively and help to
achieve objectives
Survival- Operation management is important for the survival of organization. TASCO
manages its all resources and and plane for the growth of organization. Operation management
also ensure that respective organization's activities are conduct in order to achieve defined goals
and objectives. Survival in the most competitive environment make various opportunities for the
organization to grow.
Maximize profit- Operation management manage whole working procedures of TASCO,
so it evaluates and develop various strategies that facilitates the organization to enhance the

profitability and productivity of organization. Effective use of operation management process
and activities leads organization towards the success.
P6 Business environment that impact upon operational management and decision-making
process
Business environment is referred as the collection of all internal as well as external
factors such as customers needs and demands, employees, suppliers market trends and so on.
These all factors have positive and negative impact upon the organisational management and
decisions that are taken by the leaders and managers(Shou, and et. 2019).. TASCO have to
evaluate all these factors closely and make effective strategies to overcome their effects upon the
organisation. Corporate social responsibility is related to the the management to all
organisational activities that is perform by the company to erasure their responsibility towards
the customers and public(Wamba, and et. al., 2018). It maintains relationship between the
organisation and customers. This concept facilitate the TASCO to take decisions regarding
management accordingly and satisfy customers and employees that are currently working in the
organisation. Some factors of business environment are following:
Internal factors- Their are some internal factors are exist in the business that are closely
related to the business and affect all decisions and operational activities. These intrinsic factors
are such as shareholders, employees, organisational policies and customers that have power to
affect all operations of management and decisions that are related to make suitable working
environment. These factors are examined by the executives and prepare proper plan to overcome
their effects. Some internal factors are discussed below:
Mission and objectives- Missions are the overall purpose or reason that guide and lead
the organization to take effective decisions. Objectives can be different from the mission of
TASCO. Changes in objectives and missions also affect the organisation, so appropriate
strategies are develop by the management to deal with these factors.
Organisational structure- Organisation structures includes the board of directors,
independent directors and other organisation members. TASCO should adopt simple and
transparent structure of organization. Every organisation have different organisational structure
according to nature of organisation. Structure of organisation also have impact on the operation
management and decision making procedure in effective manner.

Labour unions- Labour unions also the part of internal environment of organisation.
These unions affect the decision making of organisation because such unions bargain with the
top managers regarding the wages and various working conditions. For the smooth working,
TASCO have to build good relations with their employees and modify their compensations and
other strategies according to employees.
External factors- Some factors that are exist outside of organisational boundaries that
are called external factors of business environment(Zijm, and et. al.,2019).. These can not be
controlled by the organisation, the organisation should modify their working culture to decrease
their effects. Some external factors are technological, political, environmental and legal factors
that affect the functions and decisions of TASCO company. Some external factors are discussed
below:
Political factors- Political factors are related to the all Government rules, regulations and
legislation that are exist outside the boundaries of TASCO. All these regulation are closely
evaluates and examined by the organization and develop appropriate strategies to overcome their
impacts upon the organization.
Technological factors- Technological factors also have great impact upon the decision
making of TASCO. Now these days there are various technological advancement and
innovations are take place that are too costly to implement in the organization. Company should
evaluate them and adopt automation in their organization to stay competitive in the external
environment.
Competitors- Competitors that are exist in the similar industry and dealing in the same
products also affect the TASCO activities and process. All strategies and market trends that the
competitors follow have impact the organization. The respective organization have to evaluate
all their market competitors and their competitive strategies and adopt the best one that suites the
organization to remain competitive on the external environment.
CONCLUSION
As per the report on operation and management, it can be concluded that operations and
management is very important for the organization to survive in the competitive environment
and facilitate to achieve desired goals and objectives within defined time period. Leaders and
managers are the person that are responsible for the manage all functions and lead organization
towards success. They have some characteristics and responsibilities to complete task

effectively. There are several theories and approaches of leadership that facilitate leaders to
guide employees. Some business environment factors also affect the decision making of
managers they should be properly examined. Internal as well as external factors that are exist
within or outside the boundaries of organization affect the operation management and decision
making procedure of respective organization.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
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