Leadership Styles and Change Management

This assignment involves analyzing the impact of personality and leadership styles on leading change capability, effective implementation strategies for leading change, and cultivating teachers' knowledge and skills for leading change in schools. It also touches upon leading complex change with post-conventional consciousness, collaborative leadership and school improvement, and engaging liaison librarians for outreach to faculty. The assignment provides a range of sources from academic journals, books, and online resources to support the analysis.

Understanding and Leading
Change

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1. Comparison of different organisations and impact of change on their strategies and
operations....................................................................................................................................1
P2. Internal and external drivers of change which affect leadership, team and individual
behaviour.....................................................................................................................................3
P3 Evaluations of measures for minimising negative impacts of change on organisational
behavioural..................................................................................................................................5
Task 2...............................................................................................................................................6
P4 Different barriers for change and how they influence on leadership decision-making.........6
Task 3 ..............................................................................................................................................8
P5 Different leadership approaches for dealing with change in organisational contexts............8
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Change is concern with those system that stimulates the resistance and challenge to
people for their habits, behaviours, values and beliefs etc. so it consider the discipline which
support to an individual in adopting various kinds of changes through proper guidelines as how
they prepare, equip as well as accept the changes or challenges for achieving predetermined
goals and objectives. In other words, change management is defined as the adoption of tools and
techniques with making strategies for utilisation of available resources so that organisation can
become successful (Alkahtani, 2011). This report is based on two big organisations that are
Apple Inc. and Samsung Group. Both are multinational companies and deal with several
electronics as well as telecommunication industry. This assignment will define many
environmental factors which help in bringing several changes and affect the business operations.
Some measures are there that support in reducing all negative impacts due to changes of the firm.
Barriers can occur which directly influence the process of decision-making. Leadership
approaches are also applied to deal with those changes and make successful organisation.
TASK 1
P1. Comparison of different organisations and impact of change on their strategies and
operations
Changes considered various organisational policies, procedure, rules, regulations and
many more that must be require for making company effective and achieve its goals or targets.
These changes are done according to environment so it is depends on the environmental factors.
Apple and Samsung, two big organisation and they have to consider these forces for making
positions in the market (Anderson and Anderson, 2010). They both make effective and efficient
strategies for market survival. Apple always focus on adopting new technologies and innovative
ideas for attracting more customers and building a strong image among competitors. There are
some major effects on the organisation such as:
Apple Inc.
It is an American multinational technology company and its headquartering is in
California. This firm is design, develop and sells computer software, consumer electronics,
online services. It was found by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne in the year of
April 1976. It is selling various products such as Macintosh, iPod, iPad, iPhone, Apple Watch,
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TV, etc. and its services are Apple store, iTune, iBook, iCloud and many more. According to the
data of 2017, this company has generated the revenue approx. US$229.234 billion. There are
around 123,000 employees working and trying to attain its set targets and objectives as well as
achieve competitive advantages.
Samsung Group
It is a South Korean multinational conglomerate and its headquartered in Samsung town,
Seoul. It was found by Lee Byung-chul in the year 1938 from a trading company. This company
entered the electronics industry in 1960 and it has increased activities and electronics at global
level as mobile as well as semiconductors has become income source (Bingham and Main,
2010). It is selling various products and services such as apparel, electronics, telecommunication
equipment, home appliances, information communication technology, retail and medical health,
etc. This company generated the revenue approx. US$ 305 billion according to latest data
records. It has the 6th highest global brand value as of 2017. There are around 489000 employees
working and its divisions among various sectors are Samsung electronics, C&T Corporation, life
insurance, fire & marine and many other.
Both companies focus on adopting new technologies and make strategies for making
organisation effective in competitive environment. They are giving a strong competition to other
firms as well as to each other in the market. There are various differences in between Apple and
Samsung such as:
Strategies Apple Samsung
Price Its pricing strategies are based on
products and services from RM199
until RM7999. Customers are aware
that Apple's product so expensive
because of good quality and technology
so that price will be higher.
They also use various pricing
strategies as they make price for
their product; Samsung galaxy S II
for RM1499. They manufacture
good quality of products and use
effective technology so that their
price will also be higher.
Products There are various products and services
of Apple such as iPod shuffle and
nano, iPad, iPhone and Mac book.
It is selling several products and
services in the market such as
Samsung galaxy series, televisions,
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Customers are satisfied from these
products as they can feel very
convenience when using it.
computer products, home
appliances and many more items.
Promotions Apple company provide some stuffs
when buy their products like free to
installing some applications (Branson,
2010). They also provide free Wi-Fi to
the customers for the purpose of brand
promotions.
They also use various strategies for
promoting their products such as
advertising and effective marketing
for creating awareness among
customers. They provide free
services when buying their
products such as free shipment,
installation etc.
Place Apple's branches are located
everywhere in the world. Customers
can easily buy their products and
services and get information regarding
new products.
Samsung got many branches that
situated in every places and
everywhere. Customers can easily
approach for purchasing any item
of the company.
People It is main factor in each and every
organisation. This force highly effects
on business performance and
profitability. In the enterprise, there are
different knowledgeable and talented
person who are focuses on attracting
large number of customers.
In Samsung, there are various
person who are mainly emphasis
on increasing business sales and
revenues in limited time period.
Process They apply manufacturing process
which is highly effects on business
performance and profitability ratio in in
effective way.
They also apply Manufacturing
process in order to produce their
products to end user.
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P2. Internal and external drivers of change which affect leadership, team and individual
behaviour
In an organisation, leaders play an important role for providing guidelines and right path
to people so that they can achieve particular goals and objectives easily. Leader influences the
individuals and groups of people for performing task or job in an effective manner as they are
responsible for establishing vision and mission of an organisation. They set the path goals for
every person and give them instructions to attain these goals and objectives in limited time
period. Apple Inc. considers the leadership style for increasing productivity because leaders
motivate employees to bring new innovative ideas and creativity for making good quality and
attractive products and services (Brown, 2012). They add some values and features in their
particular products or services with help of effective leadership styles which helps accomplishing
organisational targets and goals as well as achieve best outcomes or results in appropriate
manner. So it can be said that leadership styles and theories must be required for making
organisation success and obtain competitive advantages. There are various internals and
externals forces that directly affects on the individuals, teams behaviours and leadership. These
are given below:-
INTERNAL FACTORS:
These factors are related with business operations and it affects from inside of an
organisation. This important factor that can be occur due to some changes so it is responsibility
of leader and manager to consider all these and make effective strategies to face or accept
challenges and taken favourable decisions in organisation context. It is controllable factor as top
management can take actions for controlling internal forces and make good working
environment. Leader and manager take part in decision-making process and it can be affected
from various changes because it influence whole firm so that its activities and operations also
can be effected (Carrington and Deppeler, 2010). There are some internal factors which can be
impact on the business operations and its activities such as:
SWOT Analysis:
Strength Weakness
Employees morale: This is the biggest and
most important factor for every organisation so
company has to increase their level of
There is no coordination between employees
and management which is highly required
which helps in creating positive energy and
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motivation and confidence so that they can
work in effective and efficient manner as well
as achieve best outcomes.
make effective working environment.
Threats Opportunities
Organisational culture: It is essential part of
the company which consider the behavioural
study and attitude of an individual as well as
group within the firm.
Culture support in achieving competitive
advantages and fight with business world and
also better coordination among workers.
EXTERNAL FACTORS:
These are biggest factors that influence the organisation and its functions from outside.
Firm can be affected from various situations and events from outside (Doppelt, 2017). These
types of forces are not controllable, so company always tries to manage in effectively and their
managers or leaders focus on making favourable decisions to survive in the market. Some
external forces are as follows:
Political factor: Competitions are increasing day by day in the market so it is big threats
of any firm because new competitors enters with new ideas, technology and creative thinking
that attracts more customers. Company should adopt appropriate strategies to avoid this factor.
Economical factor: This is also another important factor because financial fluctuations
affects on the business operations due to inflations and deflations, that is why firm requires to
accept all these changes and consider this factor for effective running of an organisation.
Social factor: Apple is trying to overcome all these forces by creating healthy working
environment and provide motivations to the workers by effective leadership styles. They focus
on adopting new innovative ideas and best strategies to survive from internal factors and attain
its goals and objectives
Technological Factor: This is the important factor which affects on the business
activities as company has to adopt strategies and new technologies according to changes
environment for the effective production process. So modern technology is helpful for successful
business.
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P3 Evaluations of measures for minimising negative impacts of change on organisational
behavioural
Every firm make various strategies to minimise the negative impact because it is difficult
to reduce the several effects on the business operations (Fagerström and Salmela, 2010).
Company focuses on different measures for removing negative impacts so that they can create
healthy and positive working environment. Apple Inc. is generally tries to overcome these effects
because it can bring down company so they make strategies to run smoothly its business
operations and attains predetermined goals or objectives. Apple and Microsoft company should
adopt suitable and effective technology or strategies to avoid such kinds of impacts. Decision-
making process can be affected by the external factors. There are some measures that support in
overcoming these negative impacts such as:
Individual behaviour: This can be helpful in accepting challenges as well as adoptions of
changes in the business environment. Various companies undertakes this technique of measures
which support in providing proper training or learning to the employees so that they will prepare
to face any kinds of change and reduce the negative effects on them. Training and development
is must be required because it provide motivations and enhance employees knowledge, skills and
abilities for attaining organisation's set goals and objectives in better way. Apple company has
adopted this method for increasing their work productivity because training is key component
that helps in bringing confidence and increase level of motivation in various situations or
environment.
Teams : This is also another supportive to adopt any change and reduce negative impacts.
Healthy relations must be required for successful organisation as it will support in removing
conflicts among workers with the help of appropriate communication and regular interactions
(Fullan, 2014). It is responsibility of the manager to communicate with every person regarding
the business and provide information to them about new strategies and technologies when
producing innovative product or add some features in existing products or services so that they
can meet with customer's desired expectations or demands. Team get affected majorly through
changes management. As Team members have to follow these changes in proper manner and
have to implement it in their working process.
Research: Company can conduct the research or survey process for analysing consumers
demand, needs, wants and desired expectation. This also support in finding recent trends,
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customer's choices, preferences, taste, strong competitors and so many things for making
effective decisions regarding suitable strategies. Research play vital role in decision-making
process because it helps in gathering data or information that is necessary for successful
organisation.
Technology: This is an essential component for every business organisation because it is
flexible in nature and it can be change according to environment. Each firm requires to adopt
new technologies because competitors are adopting various strategies for effective techniques so
that Apple also consider this factor. It is useful tool that helps in competing with several
competitors and also should try to produce effective products such as computer and mobile
phones etc. technologies support in adopting new ideas and innovations so that more customers
can be attracted and satisfy their needs and wants in effective manner. It is also helpful in
utilising available resources and minimise the cost in appropriate manner. For Example, if
company does not use modern technology, it will not be able to meet their final targets. But on
the other hand, if modern technology is adopted by organisation, it will help in attaining final
goal and aims.
Leadership: This must be required for every firm because it helps in making good
relations among employees. Company focus on effective collaboration with various department
as well as coordination among overall business activities for effective working (Hallinger and
Heck, 2011). Employees should coordinate with the company in changing environment like work
together or in team which will effect on achieving set goals or objectives. Negative impacts can
be reduce from better coordination. Leadership behaviour need to be moulded according to the
changes that are outside the business.
Task 2
P4 Different barriers for change and how they influence on leadership decision-making
Change is a system in which include everything that brings positive energy or
effectiveness in the working environment. It must be cope up with the company. During the
changes, there can be several barriers or conflicts which arises while running business and it
direct effects on the business firm and its operations. So barriers can be biggest factors because it
create conflicts which make the organisation for getting stuck somewhere at the workplace.
Businessman can face various kinds of issues or problems that can be occur in the complex
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situations as they may have to wind up their business (Malenfant, 2010). Apple company always
tries to produce innovative and featured products so that customers can be satisfy and meet their
desired level. Best performance can be helpful in reducing risks in appropriate manner.
Lack of communications: It is an important factor because it directly affects on the
employees relations. This factor is depends on interactions between management and workers
due to business information. It must be required to communicate with all staff members
regarding changes and strategies adoption so that employees are needed to make some
adjustments and prepare for adopting changes in effective working environment. For example,
proper communication system helps in delivering proper message from superior to sub ordinates.
But on the other hand, if effective system is not there it will lead to arise of disturbances that may
occur in communication system.
Planning of organisational culture: In any organisation, there must be systematic
culture for healthy working environment. It can be includes policies and procedures which must
be effective as it directly effects on employees behaviours as well as on their performance with
in the firm. Apple company concentrate on better team workforce which helps in making
effective policies, responsibilities of work and various locations that may affects on business
functions. For example, if organisation culture is very rigid and inflexible, the employees cannot
work in that effective manner. It will hinder their performance level and do no achieve their set
targets.
Employees involvement: The major factor of occurring barriers is not giving chances to
employees while making decisions as well as actions within the organisation. (Parsons and
Cornett, 2011). So it is compulsory for each firm that they should give chance and get
involvement of their workers so that they can share their opinion, views and suggestions about
changes for developing an organisation in effective manner.
Complexities: It is another biggest factor that can be occur while running business so
every organisation generally consider this factors when they adopt new changes or challenges as
well as make decisions regarding suitable strategies. In the business operations, it is normal or
common that occur problems, issues in any critical situations in the planning and decision-
making process (Salmela, 2012). So that
Force field analysis: It includes some phases which are determine as below:
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Step 1: Proposal for Change: Changing culture or environment can be create conflicts because it
has become complex for every and each individual in understanding about entire changing
system.
Step 2:Identify Forces For Change: Apple company should try to overcome all these
complexities by adopting best strategies which will support in growing fast in the development
of business.
Step 3: Identify Forces Against Change: Many of companies does same mistake as they do not
involve their workers so it can be conflicts and any kinds of barriers as they have fear to adopt
any kinds of change if they do not involve in this process
Step 4: Assign Scores: Management should focus on proper communications, so that they can
build strong relations other wise it will leads lack of communications.
Step 5: Analyse and Apply: They also focus on sufficient and effective working environment by
providing motivations to employees so that they can perform better their task or job and achieve
predetermined goals and objectives.
Task 3
P5 Different leadership approaches for dealing with change in organisational contexts
Every organisation focus on different leadership styles and approaches that helps in
dealing with various kinds of changes with in firm. It is essential in managing the team
workforce that support in achieving best outcomes. Leader plays an important role in accepting
any changes because they influence individual's behaviours and motivate them for achieving
predetermined goals or target. They use various types of strategies for adopting several types of
changes so that business can developed in effective manner. Leaders inspires or influence
employee's behaviours in adoptions of new technologies, ideas and innovation that will support
in making work in better way. Changes are part and parcel of organisation, in order to face such
challenges different types of leadership styles are approached. Apple company has adopted
various types of tools and techniques for effective leadership styles because they deals with
producing computer, mobile phones so they can achieve competitive advantage.
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Leadership approach: This method includes some leadership styles which are determined as
below:
Autocratic: In this defined that leaders can adopt this style and perform by collecting data
or feedbacks through different surveys from workers as well as from other team members within
an organisation. This styles can be effective in critical situations. This style of leadership hinders
the performance of subordinates because they do not consider any ideas of people with their
superior.
Democratic: This is supportive in developing or promoting firm. It leads to employees
and support them for participations (Eriksson, 2012). In other word, they provide the scope and
the feasibility for participation to the employees so that they will feel motivated and perform
their tasks in effective manner. It is very effective mode of leadership style as it helps in
achieving final objectives in set targets.
Laissez Fair: In this considered several fundamentals that applied by leaders on
individuals. They provide various rights to the employee so that they can make any decisions and
take actions while occurring any situations. Company can use various strategies and tactics
which will helps in effective methodologies. It also support to balance and operations of
effective organisation. It focuses on involving number of employees in significant manner. It
takes into account ideas and thoughts of various person so that they feel motivated and contribute
in attaining final aims.
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Illustration 1: different leadership styles
Source: leadership style 2018

So these approaches are very useful for Apple company which will helps in dealing with
several changes and adopting strategies (Suchman, 2011). Leaders are key persons in
transforming workers and motivate them for getting ready about accept the changes in business
environment. These styles of leadership is executed in proper way so that final objectives can be
attained in proper way. Changes are dynamic in nature, which has to be implemented in
appropriate manner.
CONCLUSION
From above this project report, it has been concluded that changes are must be required
for every successful organisation. It affects on the business in both way internal as well as
external. This report is based on Apple and Samsung, both are using various market strategies for
surviving from any changes and environment. There are various factors defined in this
assignment which directly affect on the team, leadership and individual behaviour. Barriers or
conflicts can arise in the business that influence on leadership decision-making process. Apple
consider changes factors which helps in achieving competitive advantages.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Alkahtani, A.H., 2011. The impact of personality and leadership styles on leading change
capability of Malaysian managers. Australian Journal of Business and Management
Research. 1(2). p.70.
Anderson, D. and Anderson, L.A., 2010. Beyond change management: How to achieve
breakthrough results through conscious change leadership. John Wiley & Sons.
Bingham, D. and Main, E.K., 2010. Effective implementation strategies and tactics for leading
change on maternity units. The Journal of perinatal & neonatal nursing. 24(1). pp.32-42.
Branson, C.M., 2010. Leading educational change wisely. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers.
Brown, B.C., 2012. Leading complex change with post-conventional consciousness. Journal of
Organizational Change Management. 25(4). pp.560-575.
Carrington, S., Deppeler, J. and Moss, J., 2010. Cultivating teachers' knowledge and skills for
leading change in schools. Australian journal of teacher education. 35(1). pp.1-13.
Doppelt, B., 2017. Leading change toward sustainability: A change-management guide for
business, government and civil society. Routledge.
Fagerström, L. and Salmela, S., 2010. Leading change: a challenge for leaders in Nordic health
care. Journal of Nursing Management. 18(5). pp.613-617.
Fullan, M., 2014. Leading in a culture of change personal action guide and workbook. John
Wiley & Sons.
Hallinger, P. and Heck, R.H., 2011. Collaborative leadership and school improvement:
Understanding the impact on school capacity and student learning. In International
handbook of leadership for learning (pp. 469-485). Springer Netherlands.
Malenfant, K.J., 2010. Leading change in the system of scholarly communication: A case study
of engaging liaison librarians for outreach to faculty. College & Research Libraries.
71(1). pp.63-76.
Parsons, M.L. and Cornett, P.A., 2011. Leading change for sustainability. Nurse leader. 9(4).
pp.36-40.
Salmela, S., Eriksson, K. and Fagerström, L., 2012. Leading change: a three‐dimensional model
of nurse leaders’ main tasks and roles during a change process. Journal of advanced
nursing. 68(2). pp.423-433.
Suchman, A.L., 2011. Leading change in healthcare: Transforming organizations using
complexity, positive psychology and relationship-centered care. Radcliffe Publishing.
Thomas, T., 2013. Leading change and innovation in teacher preparation: A blueprint for
developing TPACK ready teacher candidates. TechTrends. 57(5). pp.55-63.
Online
Leadership style 2018. [Online]. Available through:
<http://www.jsw.org.au/elearning/retail/certIV/lead_and_manage_people/unit_lm/
concepts/lmc0102.htm>.
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