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understanding and leading change
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Table of Contents INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3 P1- Organizations where change has been implemented and their impact on companies operation and strategy.................................................................................................................3 P2- Internal and external drivers of the change management.....................................................5 P3- Minimize impact of change management on organizational behaviour...............................7 P4- Barriers of change management and their influence on decision-making............................9 P5- Leadership approaches to deal with change in British airline...........................................11 CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13 REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14
INTRODUCTION Change management play important role in the every organizationand help to increase the growth and efficiency of the company (Ahmad., 2017). Change in the mainly focus to improve process and activity in the organization and it also has huge impact on the company's success but it is important for the organization to analyse impact on change and make proper strategy for the change management. This report will take British Airline for this cases study because it is the best example wherechange has been implemented. This report will compare British Airlines and Virgin Atlantic and briefly explain the change management in both organizations.British airline is the flag carrier airline of the UK and their headquarter is in London and it is second largest airline in the UK. Virgin Atlantic is also British airline and their headquarter is in crawley England.This report will evaluate the ways in which internal and external divers of the change management affect on the company's leadership, group and any individual employee. Strategies to minimize impact of change on company's behaviour. This report will also include barriers for change and it will determine how those barriersinfluence on the leadership decision makinginBritish Airline. In the end of this report will apply leadership approaches during the change in the organization, so they can address the change and remove the barriers in the change management process in the company. MAIN BODY P1- Organizations where change has been implemented and their impact on companies operation and strategy There are two Airline companiesBritish Airline and Virgin Atlantic Airline where change has been implemented and it has huge impact on company's strategy (Becerril and et.al., 2017). Both organization have their headquarter is in United Kingdom and both are from same industry. British AirlineVirgin Atlantic Based on the size of Fleet international flights anddestinations.Thisairlineisthelargest airline in the UK. This airline company has 2nd largest in terms of the number of passengers Virgin Atlantic also implemented change in theircompanybecausetheircompanywas facing.Theirstakeholdersandemployees were not giving their participation with the
carried. This companies board was set up on the year 1971 and this is one of the most popularandleadingcompanyinthe worldwide.DuringtheEconomiccrisesin 2008 all the airline companies include British airline and Virgin airline face large recession. This crisis makes necessary of British airline to makesomechangetosurvivethecrisis (Becerril and et.al., 2017).After the unfreeze stage comesthe movementstage. One this company observes that they need for change new methods of doing the thingsshould be implemented in their workplace. Apart from thedownsizing,Britishairlinemusthave broughtpositivechangeprocess.This company had faceda lot of competition from thelowcostairlinewhichaffectonthe company's profitability, and they faced losses in their business but British airline was able to survive crises successfully. company. Conflict and many other things was affectingthecompaniesoperationstheir strategies. It was because their employees in theirworkplacecomefromthedifferent culture and countries. Leaders of this company take decision to implement cultural change in theorganization.Theyrunsomegroup activitiesandchangethestructureofthe organization so flow of communicationcan increaseandtheiremployeesandcan understandeachother.Thisaffectonthe companypositively,andtheysuccessfully implement change process in the workplace of Virgin Atlantic airline. This also affect on the companies operation and their growth change management process increase their growth rate and popularity in the airline industry. Change in Virgin Atlantic give more positive impact as compare to the change implementedin the British airline company. Bohner and Arnold Change Impact Analysis. Two American software engineers Borner and Arnoldwere the first which explain and write about the impact analysis. There are 4 steps of this process which is about identifying the potential consequences of a change within the company so changes can be implemented successfully. This ca help company both the organization British airline and Virgin Atlantic Airline to run change process properly and understand the impact of change on the companies operation and their strategies. Here are 4 stages for change management process- Step 1 It is important for the both companies to determine the order in which the task will be carried out, their relationship and independence and the extent to which they can be carried out the simultaneously. When an order is clear, The criticalpath can be taken into the amountand
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the time needed to complete the entire change management project in theboth companies with little wiggle room as possible. Step 2 Change will impact on the companies many areas and employees as well. It can impact demotivate them and slow down the activities in the organization so it is important for the both British and Virgin Atlantic company to look for this issue in advance (Beitelmal and et.al., 2017). As soon as the change in the companies task and activities affect the duration of critical path, there is a good chance that the change process deadline will not be met. Step 3 IT is important for the both the Airline companies to estimate what kind of affect possible change will have in advance. The length of the time and the budget of the company for change process play necessary role. Priorities can be set on the basis of estimation of change process. Step 4 As a final step, it is very importantfor the both airline companies to inform their employees and stakeholders about the change management process. They can use all this information to make the right decisions. It will also depend on whether they accept the proposed changes or not. Thus, it is important for them to have the result of the changes in mind, so that they are motivated to implement it. P2- Internal and external drivers of the change management There are few Internal and external drivers of change managementwhichaffectthe companies change process. It is necessary for the British airline and Virgin Atlantic company to understand these drivers to implement changes in the company successful. Here are two tools which can health to understand these drivers properly (Bretz, Kaiser and Dumitrescu., 2019). PEST analysis Political Factor Change in the UK Tax structure can impact on the both companies British airline and Virgin Atlantic airline. This change can affect on the salaries and wages of the employees, and they can be demotivated. It is important for the companies leaders to motivate their employees, and they should make new polices and rules for the employees, so they can be motivated and change in Tax structure should not affect on their employees. Economical Factor
Economic change such as change in the fuel prices can affect on both British airline and Virgin Atlantic airline (Delgado., 2018). This kind of economical crises affect on the prices of flight tickets and also affect the employees moral. In this situation leaders are responsible to make new strategies, and they should motivate and encourage their employees to support their company. Social factor Most of the employees in British airline and Virgin Atlantic airline are from other places, and they speak different languages. Change in their culture can affect on the company's growth. Leaders of the company should impediment group activities in the workplace so employees can work in team, and they can give their best to achieve companies goals and objectives to make their business successful. Technological Factor In the airline industry technology plays important role and it is important for the British airline and Virgin Atlantic airline both to adopt new technologyin their workplace to take competitive advantages in the market but implementing new technology in workplace need their employees to know how to use new technology. Managers and leaders of the company should give training to their employees, so they can develop new skills to run technology implemented in the company's workplace. SWOT Analysis Strength Change in theBritish airline and Virgin Atlantic airline can help them to lead their business to be successful (Engle And et.al., 2017). Both the complies have adopted change process in the organization and it affect on their profitability and make better environment for the companies' workplace. Weakness Organizational change can demotivate employees of theBritish airline and Virgin Atlantic airline both because their employees can deny accepting the changes because they can have fear of job loss and task related issues. Opportunities Change process create opportunities for theBritish airline and Virgin Atlantic airline company becausewithout change process they cannot be successful in the business. Change is
important when needed. Changes like new technology implementation and cultural change have positive effect on organization. Threats Change in the organizational structure can become threat for both the companies if their employees deny accepting the changes. It is important for the companyto encourage their employees to give support in the change process so company can improve their working efficiency. P3- Minimize impact of change management on organizational behaviour Impact of change can be minimized by some change management theories. It is important for the British airline and Virgin Atlantic airline to use these theories to minimize impact of the change management process on the company (Frijns, Van Leeuwen and Bierwolf., 2017). These theories include – system theory, Continues improvement model and the Burke- Litwen model. Continues Improvement model According to continue improvement model companies look for the improvement in the product, services and performance of the employees and companies process. This model can help British airline company to successfully implement change in the organization. Leaders and managers of the company can provide training to the employees, so they can develop skills for the new task and mangers of the company also monitor performance of the employees. They record performance of the employees before change and compare their performance with after the change implemented in the workplace of British airline and Virgin Atlantic airline. This can help them to minimize negative impact of the change process and also increase the potential of the employees. System theory System theory is leadership theory which enable leaders of the company create conditions where employees at all level can work properly and productively to their potential Continues improvement model. In this leadership style leaders adopt some characteristics such as communication , flow of information etc (Musai., 2019). The system model of change emphasis on the fact that a change must be implemented organization wide instead of implementing it in piecemeal leaders of the British airline and Virgin Atlantic airline should use this theory during the change process and in this method leader of the company communicate with the employees and make them understand why these changes are important and it can help this company to
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achieve high growth. They encourage employees to give their support to company in this change process, Burke Litwen Model The Burke Litwin Model of Organizational Change is all about defining and establishing a cause-and-effect relationship. The model assumes 12 organizational elements that determine a change within an organization, Which can helpBritish airline to reduce negative impact of change. External Environment It is necessaryfor theBritish airline and Virgin Atlantic airline to look for external factors which are important for the organization changes. Identification of changes in external environment can help this company to control negative impact on the company. Mission and strategy Mission and vision of the companies can be defined as highest level of the management. It is recommended that the company always checks whether these suit the position of the employees. Leadership Leaders and mangers of the British airline and Virgin Atlantic airline play important role in the organization, and they are responsible to communicate with the employees and encourage supporting change management process (Ogundipe and Ogundipe., 2019). Organizational culture Organizational culture can be maintained in the workplace ofBritish airline and Virgin Atlantic airline through the group activities and effective communication to the employees. Structure Organizational structure of the company should be simple so employees of theBritish airline company can share their issue to the superiors during the change management process (Rink and et.al., 2017). System IT services and other equipment should be present in the company to control activities and run company smoothly during the change process. Management practices
Managers of the British airline and Virgin Atlantic airline company can use management practices during the change, so they can motivate employees. Working climate During the change management process employees can be demotivated so managers of theBritish airline and Virgin Atlantic airline should provide rewards to the employees, so they can give some financial support to the employees during the change. Task and skills For the new jobs after the change management HR manager of the company should recruit new employees who can run new task of the company. Individual values and needs Company can give higher responsibility to the employees, so they can be motivated and support company for change. Performance Managers of the British airline and Virgin Atlantic airline should measure performance of the employees on the basis change management (Silva and Mendis., 2017). They should measure what impact occurs on the employee's performance after the change I the company. P4- Barriers of change management and their influence on decision-making Change management process in theBritish airline can create many barrierswhich can influence on the decision-making of the company. It is important for the leaders and manger of the company to analyse these barriers of the change management to implement changes successfully in their workplace. There are two effective tools which can helpBritish airline to analyse barriers in the change process and how it can influence on decision-making of company. Lewin's Force Field Model According to the Lewin'sthere are forces driving change and forces retaining it where there is equilibrium between the two sets of forces there will be no change. In order to occur the driving forces must exceed the restraining force. This analysis includes internal and external forces which impact on the decision-making of the company. Internal forces for change Internal barriers such Conflicts between Different departments can be barrier in change it is important for the leaders of theBritish airline company to take decisions for solve conflicts between the both the department so change management can be implemented. Ineffective
communication, demotivation or poor business relationships can be a barrier in the change managementand affect on the decision-making process. It is important for theBritish airline company have good relationship between the leaders and employees which can be possible through the communication between employees and leaders. This become barrier when their no communication between leaders and employees during the change. External forces for change External change forces such as increased the demand for the higher quality and levels of the customers services can influence the decision-making of the company and this force British airline company to bring change in their company and implement new strategies (Thomson and Michel., 2018). It is important forBritish airline to bring follow new trends in technology but this affect on the companies decision-making because it is also a part of change management and mangers of the company have it takes decisions for the changes after implemented new technology in the organization what strategies they will need to used to make their employees know the use of technology. It is a barrier for the company because this takes time and money both. Employees can fear from this change because they can lose their jobs. Situational resistance When employees of theBritish airways company listen about the change in the workplace than their initial reaction can be anxiety, reluctance and fear mixed with some Curiosity. This also influence on the companies decision-making because they have to make strategies to overcome from these barriers.Superiors of the company should not takechange management process lightly. They should make strategies through decision-making process to overcome from the issues. Resistance One of the most challenges of the change managementis resistance in theBritish airline. Company can find that employees and staff are questioning and asking for the motive for change management process. To overcome from this better company have to take decisionand understand where the resistance is comping from and why it is coming. After finding the resistance they need to talk with the employees and make them understand why change management in theBritish airline is importantand how it can help them to provide success in their business. Ignorance or denial
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Employees can ignore the changes in theBritish airline and continue their workwhat they do daily. It is an barrier for the company. This influence the decision-making of the company, and they have to convene employees to do what they are told to do. This can become reason for the British airline to unsuccessful the change management process. These barriers can be removed through the rewards and it is important for the company take decision related to the rewards system so employees follow the new task after the change management process. Negativity Employees of theBritish airline can think negatively because employees fear from the change in the organization and this can become a barrier for the company. This also influence on the companies decision-making because it will be important for the company to overcome from this barrier. P5- Leadership approaches to deal with change in British airline Leaders play important role in the organization, and they are responsible to encourage employees of theBritish airline company to give their support in the change process. It can be possible through the right leadership style so here are some leadership approaches which should be adopted by the leaders of the British airline company during the change process. Situational leadership Situational leadership style is effective approach which can be helpful for British airline to handle the situations during the change management (Wang and et.al., 2017). In this situation leaders of the company adopt leadership style according to the situation occurring in the British airline. This will enable their leaders to manage and control the situation in the workplace but it is important for the leaders to have knowledge of all the leadership style otherwise there is no use of this leadership approach. Leaders of theBritish airline should have necessary skills and knowledge to adopt this situational leadership style. Koter's 8 step change model Koter's 8 step change model can be useful model for the British airline company during the change management process. The 8 steps process for the leading change was developed by Dr Kotter. They identified and extracted the success factors and combined them into the methodology. Step 1-Create a sense of Urgency
helps others to see for the new changes by the bold, aspirational opportunities statement by the leaders to motivate employees of the British airline. Step 2- Build a guidance coalition Leaders of the company should build a guidance coalition in the other employee. Step 3-Form strategic vision and initiatives Leaders of the company should clarify that how change can make their future and why itr is important for the British airline to implement. Step 4-enlist a volunteer army Large scale can only when massive of people rally around a common opportunity. They must be brought in and urgent to drive change – moving the same direction. Step 5-Enable action by removing barriers leadership should remove the barriers in the change management through effective communication and strategies. Step 6-Generate short term wins leaders of theBritish airline should generate a short term win to identify the long term wins. Step 7-Sustain Acceleration Leaders of the company should press harder after the First success. This can improve the companies system and help the implement change successfully. Step 8-Institute change Articulate the connections between the new behaviourand organizational success, making sure they continue until they become strong enough to replace the old. Democratic leadership Leadersof theBritish airlinecan also use democraticleadership in the change management process (Yang and Lim., 2016). In this leadership style leaders give responsibilities to the employeesand employees can also participate in the decision-making process of change management. Leaders f the British airline should use this leadership style sop employees can be motivated and support company in the change management process. This leadership style also create good relationship between leaders and mangers and increase the flow of communication in the workplaceand it can help to implement change management process successfully in the British airline company, and they can achieve higher growth.
CONCLUSION As per the report has been explained impact of change management in the British airline and how it help them to overcome from crisis. This report has been compare British Airlines and Virgin Atlantic and briefly explain the change management in both organizations. It also has been concluded the ways in which internal and external divers of the change management affect on the company's leadership, group and any individual employee. Strategies to minimize impact of change on company's behaviour. This report has been analysed barriers for change and it has been determine how those barriersinfluence on the leadership decision-makinginBritish Airline. In the end of this report has been applied leadership approaches during the change in the organization, so they can address the change and remove the barriers in the change management process in the company.
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