Leading Change Management Strategies

The assignment requires analyzing the importance of leading change in organizations, particularly in Apple's context. It involves identifying various approaches to motivate employees and generate a positive business environment, ultimately helping the organization perform better in future activities.

UNDERSTANDING
AND LEADING
CHANGE

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
P1 Impact of changes on organisation's strategy and operations................................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
P2 Internal and external drivers of change which has impacts on leadership, team and
individual behaviour....................................................................................................................4
P3 Measures to minimise negative impact on organisational activities .....................................6
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................8
P4 Different barriers for change and the way which impact leadership decision making..........8
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................10
P5 Leadership approaches dealing with changes in an organisation .......................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Change is referred to a process or result of becoming different. They are unpredictable
and can pose both negative and positive impact on organisational effectiveness. If it has positive
effect on organisation then superiors should inculcate that they are implemented within
organisation strategy and functioning and ensure that every employees are working according to
new modifications (Anderson and Anderson, 2010) . Apple is a multinational technology
company and was founded in 1976. It's headquarter is situated in California, U.S. They
manufacture different electronic items such as Apple I phone, tabs, computers, etc. They
implement recent changes in their strategies of production and manufacture innovative products.
They have establishes a strong market in world of electronics and gadgets and give tough
competition to other similar company like Samsung. This assignment will mainly focus on
comparison between different organisation and their strategies and certain ways in which internal
and external drivers of change affect leadership and individual behaviour. Different measure
which minimise negative impact of change is mentioned under this project. Barriers for change
and how they influence leadership decision making and different leadership approaches which
are implemented to deal with changes are described under this project.
TASK 1
P1 Impact of changes on organisation's strategy and operations
An enterprise will facing various changes in their current strategies and policies, process
and company main goals are taken place within effective business environment. There are two
different organisation that can affect on various changes that are describe as under:
Apple- It is the largest American multinational technology firm which are situated in
United kingdom. They are design, develop and sell customers electronics, software and online
facilities. Also they are providing various products such as I phone, smartphone, iPad and many
other electronic items. It is necessary for company is to provide best quality products and
services to their customers (Aslan and Reigeluth, 2013).
Example- In this sector, customers mainly demand for latest technical products. Apple
need to acquire accurate data and information for doing various changes which directly impact
on their demand and requirements in effective manner.

Effect of modification on organisation's strategies and operations- There is some changes
in the market such as customer demand, market need, alteration in business environment that
affect on company policies and strategies.
Motorola- It is the multinational organisation which is based in United kingdom. They
are design and sold wireless network techniques such as cellular transmission base station. They
have broadcast network products such as set-up box, digital video recorders and network
equipment which used to enable video broadcasting, computer telephony and HD television.
These items are offer to their customers in the large market place.
Example- Motorola require to manage and maintain all business operations and functions
according to their customers needs and demands. They can conduct effective marketing activities
which assist in analysing and examining whole functions in proper manner (Bingham and Main,
2010) .
Impact of changes on enterprise's strategies and operations- Changes is leading activity
and major factor that help in improving company policies and strategies for evaluating whole
working approach as per their market need. With the help of this process, firm can face various
challenges which help in getting competitive advantages.
TASK 2
P2 Internal and external drivers of change which has impacts on leadership, team and individual
behaviour
Changes are uncertain and unpredictable which greatly impact on organisation
production, sales, profits, strategies, operation, goals, objectives, etc. To retain market position
and to stay ahead in market, company has to make constant updates to their strategies and
technologies. They have to remain updated of what's going on in the market and which change
can provide them with benefits and profits. Apple have a strong reputation and hold in the
market and implement all the necessary changes in their technologies and manufacture
something innovative which is new for everyone. Due to this they have gain maximum market
share and loyal customers (Branson, 2010) . There are internal and external drivers which affects
on company's leadership, team, individual, strategies, production, etc. It is the responsibility of a
leader to keep their company updated with new changes so that hey can give command

according to that. They can implement change management within company to ensure effective
management of changes. Some of the external drivers of change are given below:
Customer led drivers: This driver plays an important role as Apple has to manufacture
products according to taste and requirement of customer. They should formulate effective
strategies and implement them in their production so that they can satisfy their customers. They
can manufacture innovative technologies in order to attract customers towards their product.
Technology led drives: As Apple is one of the biggest technology designers in the
world. Apple is one of the few companies which is involved in designing and manufacturing
entire product, starting form the hardware to the applications which are used in operational
system are also created by them. Managers can implement any changes which they feel are
necessary for company to execute.
Investor led drivers: They are important personnels for a company as they provide them
with necessary funds to implement their innovation. Apple is an international brand and have
many investors in their contact which provide them with necessary help. Investors help them to
execute their production easily.
Competitors led drivers: Apple is most refine technology company in the market and
have many competitors. Major competitor of Apple is Samsung which give tough fight to Apple.
Company can make effective strategies to retain their market and maintain their brand in the eyes
of customers (Carrington, Deppeler and Moss, 2010) .
Government led drivers: They impact on regulation and operation of Apple company.
They can pose both negative and positive impact on Apple functioning. Company has to decide
their distribution strategies and market plan according to rules and regulation decided by
government of particular country. If Apple wants to launch their products in other country, they
should have full knowledge about their government policies and legal regulation so that they can
easily execute their launching without facing any illegal obligations. Leaders should initiate their
plans by keeping legal policies in their back of their mind.
There are some external approaches which is used bye leaders to analyse their external
environment more effectively and efficiently. They use different analytical tool to identify scope
to earn more profits and increase their market share. They can use PEST Analysis for better
analysis of external environment:

Political: This factor mainly involves analysis of political environment of that particular
company. They include legal polices and regulation, laws, acts, etc which influences company's
marketing and distribution. Apple should make their strategies according to legal policies and
should avoid any illegal activities which can pose negative impact on their brand image.
Economical: Every country have some economic conditions and organisation of
particular country operates in such a way so that they can improve the economic condition of
their nation. Apple is a well reputed company and leaders should try to make strategies through
which their country can improve their economic condition (Doppelt, 2017) .
Social: This analysis is based on living styles, social classes of people living in a
country. Leaders should make effective production plans and implement innovative technologies
which suit the culture and standards of people. Apple is basically preferred by high class society
and company should focus on improving features and cost of the product so that people of other
class can also buy them.
Technological: This plays an important role in company which is dealing in electronics.
Apple deals in manufacturing and production of electronic items and gadgets, they should be
implement every changes which occur in this sector to maintain their positions. They should
manufacture products which should fulfil all requirements of consumers.
Above are some crucial factors which greatly influence on success of Apple. In order to
achieve maximum profits and encourage sales, company has to implement changes and
formulate innovative strategies so that they can attract more and more customers towards their
products and maximize their profits. It is responsibility of leaders and managers of company to
perform appropriate research on target market and customers so that they can accurate ideas
about likes and dislikes of customers and various competitors which are present in the market
(Finnigan and Stewart, 2010) .
P3 Measures to minimise negative impact on organisational activities
Modification and innovation in an organisation can have both pros and cons in an
business environment. Managers and leaders in Apple have to make efficient plan to carve out
negative aspect from organisation. Management has to understand mentality of their workforce
in performing their activities in organisation. It is observed that team management is one of the
effectual factor that helps organisation to maintain their business activities. Engagement has to
make several planning to support their workforce so that they can be able to show full dedication

towards the organisation. In company like apple it was a complicated task to maintain their
workforce because of the diversity of their workforce. As the company has spread their grass
roots all over the world so cross culture can be seen in their workforce. A leader has to plan
effectively to maintain their workforce to generate harmonic organisational culture. For gaining
much of the profit from their business activity they have to adopt systematic pathway to
maintain their productivity and sustain and grow in market. Underline are some of the important
factors that helps organisation to maintain positivity in organisation (Fullan, 2014) .
Creation a pathway – Free flow of communication between different sectors of organisation
will help increasing better coordination among different department of organisational effective
communication also a manager can motivate their employee to perform better in market. This
will ultimately help organisation to maintain collaboration and coordination among their
workforce
Explaining objective and planning – Bigger organisation like Apple tend to involve employees
in their business activities so that the employee will feel more valuable and contribution in more
efficient way. Employee will be free to express their thought in organisational activities and
through through brainstorming session they are able to give their business ideas in activities of
organisation.
Organising meetings and seminars – Meeting and seminars provide is another important aspect
the organisation has to look upon. These can be between top levee management, different level
of management or among the workers. Through these meetings organisation management can be
able to transform their goals to their workforces and explain strategies and approaches to achieve
them.
Implementation and management of planning – It is the final step of organisation that helps
them to analyse overall process to minimise risk and increase their profit. It is evaluated that by
making efficient planning by covering both internal and external organisation has helped
organisation to have a better advantage over other organisations (Fyke and Buzzanell, 2013) .
Apple is having a strong demand forecasting team to analyse different market and plan
petter to increase their sales volume in those market.
Bruke Litwin Model – It provides a hypothetical linkage between macro and micro
environment of organisation. It is a very important tool that is being used by by Apple to have

efficient functioning of their organisation. The model provides several dimension that will aid
company to perform different function in their organisation.
Main dimension of these models are given below
 external environmental function – It determine all the external factors that can affect
company externally that includes customers, competitors
 organisational function – this is used to evaluate several factors that is reflected in
different functioning of organisational activity
 methods and decisions – The decision making of company is another important aspect.
Apple is having a good decision making team that has helped them to explore more
geographical boundaries (Hintz and Bahia, 2013) .
 workforce management – Understanding and managing workers will aid organisation to
have a strong team to compete in external market
 Individual and organisational performances – Appraisals are given to their workforce
according to the work performed by them. By effective monitoring and evaluation of
workforce it will aid organisation to distribute according to capability of their workforce.
 organisational structure – By having a better organisation it will aid organisation to
maintain their workforce efficiently
 Dimension and strategies – Strategies must be formulated based different dimension of
organisational structure
 working environmental – By maintaining a better working culture it will aid organisation
to maintain positive environment
 organisational culture – Cu7lture of a company is one of the important factor that directly
affect revenue and productivity of an organisation
legal framework –By adopting a better legal framework will aid organisation to perform better
without having any deputes in internal and external environment (Inozu and et. al., 2011) .
TASK 3
P4 Different barriers for change and the way which impact leadership decision making
In an organisation, there are certain changes which help in making and developing
strategy for different task. In this process, leaders of company assist in providing correct
direction and path to their employees. Along with this, leadership is that quality where an

individual provide them effective services or facilities for achieving desired goals and targets in
proper manner. An organisation leaders developing and making positive changes or
modifications in the current working condition for encouraging their colleagues towards reaching
potential targets and goals. Decision making process is fully based on positive changes among
their employees and over the working concepts, that this will eliminating the disputes or conflicts
which occurs within an organisation (Nahavandi, 2016) .
Lack of workers involvement- It is negative aspect for the company in which all the level
of employees does not show the interest which involved in different activities or functions of the
business. This is that procedure which directly impact on negative manner regarding their
company working approaches. Along with this, it is required for firm is to demonstrate their
curiosity in various working concept due to this company manager getting new ideas and
thoughts of their employees for doing specific work or task. It can be seen as effective working
approach which help in building and creating positive image of organisation brands in front of
their customers. With the assistance of this procedure, they are easily face different policies and
strategies in the company that are related to their business functions and activities in effective
manner.
Lack of communication- For organisation leaders, it is necessary for making and
developing their employees communication skills which help in building good relation with their
colleagues. In this process, they need to do creative and attractive communication skills which
help in performing effective interaction with each other. It will assist them in developing and
making effective groups or teams for reduction in work load and make effective ideas or
thoughts for developing success or growth for an organisation. After this concept, firm staff
members can easily face various negative and positive changes within an organisation and
dealing in appropriate manner (Thomas and et. al., 2013) . With the assistance of this procedure,
it is the major responsibility and duty of company where leaders provide correct data and
information regarding carious changes or alterations which they are adopted.
Bad civilisation planning- In an organisation, it is very necessary for building and
developing positive working situation for their employees who are willing to do work that can
assist in making proper improvement in easy way. Along with this, leaders need to develop and
make effective decisions and help in improving working concept in effective manner. In this
process, they required to organise and conduct training and development program which help in

increasing employees skills and knowledge in proper manner. For an organisation, it is essential
for managing and handling team which help in providing functional and operational performance
of the company so they need to build and make efficiency for getting training and development
program.
Complexities- This is that aspects which are directly or indirectly affect on company in
negative manner where different type of decisions of company manager or leader will create
difficulty in their decision which can ambitious for understanding by their employees. In this
process, company require to adopt or use different policies and strategies for reducing and
overcoming with them from their employees.
Self efficiency perception and resistance to alteration- For an organization, it is essential
for eliminating conflicts and disputes which occurs within an organization that can take lot of
time for solving major issues and barriers. On the other hand, multi tasking create various issues
and troubles for resolving major problems (van der Voet, Kuipers and Groeneveld, 2015).
TASK 4
P5 Leadership approaches dealing with changes in an organisation
It is seen that with advancement of technology the electronic sector is growing very
rapidly so they have to understand the change and work according to help the company to have
competitiveness in different market. To gain this advantage leaders of organisation have to
adopt suitable leadership approach that will help in proper functioning of organisation. Some of
the leadership approach that will help the organisation to have commutative advantage in market
are as follows -
Train approach: Trait approach is a leading phase in order to know the intellectual or
attribute the ability of effectual leaders. If a leader of an organisation is adopting this leadership
that a leader to should have the ability to manage and handle all type of situation. Moreover,
success and failure lines in the hand of an leader only.
Functional approach: It is a series of leadership characteristics which make a leader to
act differently within different function of organisation. Its main motive is to provide guidelines
to the team members so that they can perform their work in an effective manner. For such
purpose a leadership have a specific gaols, aims and objectives that are essential to achieve.

Rational approach: This type of approaches dose not focus on trait, characteristics and
function of leader but have a capacity to deal out with different situation herein, a leader of an
organisation adopt this approach then a leader must have the capacity to take decision rationally.
Thus, a leader must be rational so that appropriate and effective decision which is beneficial for
an organisation to acquire the gaols and objectives.
Situational leadership – This theory was enacted by Ken and Paul Harsey in year 1969.
This theory basically concentrate two important factors supportive and directive. The theory
contain 4 main elements. For example in Apple to maintain a successful business a leader must
have low supportive behaviour and directional behaviour.
This theory primarily focus of this strategy is to guide organisation to adapt to change in
an efficient manner. Apple is a multinational organisation that primarily focus on implementing
innovative ideas in their business activities. Time to time they conduct meeting to discuss
changes in marketing activities and use of technology by different organisation to make efficient
planning to to make profit in market. One of the best thing about Apple is they organise
brainstorming session at different level in their organisation so that be able to make effective
planning in their business activities.
Some of the key features of situation changes are market below
Initiating change – This theory suggest that organisation must handle every activity with
same intensity, that will help them to plan better against activities in organisation. The
problematic area can be in internal and external area. Some of the important that affect business
activities are workforce management, attitude and behaviour, training and development and in
external factors several factors includes technology, planning, innovative market, customer
demand (How to Overcome Resistance to Change in an Organization, 2018).
Kotter 8 step model of change
It is another model to handle changes in organisational structure. This model was made
by John Kotter. Through different research and theories he has formulated a 8 step model that
aid leaders to implement business strategies in an effectual way. Apple is primarily dealing in
manufacturing of cellphones Kotter 8 step model will aid organisation to mimplement business
planning and gain fruitful result.

 Increase urgency – in the changing business culture in different geographical region
leader has to tackle the changes. Leaders have to communicate with their workforce in a
way that employees are oriented to coordinate with leaders.
 Building and guiding team – Leaders must focus on building a team that will help
organisation to grow their business in different geographical market. Employees must
contribute in development proves by implementing their skills and knowledge and
generate innovative ideas that will aid organisation to have competitive advantage in
different business market
 Development the vision- For development of business Apple must have vision and
goals to achieve their targets . The leader has the role to transform these business ideas in
their business activities.
 Communication the vision – Providing information about the vision in not the ultimate
goal of leader. The have to understand the views, thoughts and behaviour of their
employee so that manager can be able to resonate vision of employee to the vision of
organisation.
 Empowerment of Action- This factor is used to note down all those barriers that id
generated in organisation which can affect the working of organisation. Apple is working
in different geographical region so it obvious that several barriers will arise in internal
and external sectors of an organisation.
 Creation of Short- term Wins- To achieve ultimate goal and objectives an
organisation must divide their into many small targets so that they can make better
planning and adopt right approach to achieve those goals.
 Consolidating profits – Company must plan to achieve several goals instead of one goal
to increase their revenue from different busies market
 Anchoring changes in the corporate- It is responsibility of manager to motivate their
workforce to achieve their target. This will help in generating positive business
environment that aid organisation to perform better in future business activities.
The above mentioned approaches are very helpful for leaders in Apple as they can plan
their business activities n a better way.

REFERENCES
Books and journals
Anderson, D. and Anderson, L. A., 2010. Beyond change management: How to achieve
breakthrough results through conscious change leadership. John Wiley & Sons.
Aslan, S. and Reigeluth, C. M., 2013. Educational technologists: Leading change for a new
paradigm of education. TechTrends. 57(5). pp.18-24.
Bingham, D. and Main, E. K., 2010. Effective implementation strategies and tactics for leading
change on maternity units. The Journal of perinatal & neonatal nursing. 24(1). pp.32-
42.
Branson, C. M., 2010. Leading educational change wisely. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers.
Carrington, S., Deppeler, J. and Moss, J., 2010. Cultivating teachers' knowledge and skills for
leading change in schools. Australian journal of teacher education. 35(1). pp.1-13.
Doppelt, B., 2017. Leading change toward sustainability: A change-management guide for
business, government and civil society. Routledge.
Finnigan, K. and Stewart, T., 2010. Leading change under pressure: An examination of principal
leadership in low-performing schools. Journal of School Leadership. 19(5). pp.586-618.
Fullan, M., 2014. Leading in a culture of change personal action guide and workbook. John
Wiley & Sons.
Fyke, J. P. and Buzzanell, P. M., 2013. The ethics of conscious capitalism: Wicked problems in
leading change and changing leaders. Human Relations. 66(12). pp.1619-1643.
Hintz, C. and Bahia, H., 2013. Understanding mechanisms leading to asphalt binder fatigue in
the dynamic shear rheometer. Road Materials and Pavement Design. 14(sup2). pp.231-
251.
Inozu, B. and et. al., 2011. Performance improvement for healthcare: Leading change with lean,
six sigma, and constraints management. McGraw Hill Professional.
Nahavandi, A., 2016. The Art and Science of Leadership -Global Edition. Pearson.
Thomas, T. and et. al., 2013. Leading change and innovation in teacher preparation: A blueprint
for developing TPACK ready teacher candidates. TechTrends. 57(5). pp.55-63.
van der Voet, J., Kuipers, B. and Groeneveld, S., 2015. Held back and pushed forward: leading
change in a complex public sector environment. Journal of Organizational Change
Management. 28(2). pp.290-300.
Online
How to Overcome Resistance to Change in an Organization. 2018. [Online]. Available
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