The Evolution of Human Resources in the Modern Workplace

This assignment consists of various academic and professional texts related to the field of Human Resource Management (HRM). The materials cover topics such as HRM roles in corporate social responsibility, green HR management, human resource selection, healthcare human resource management, organization life cycle, resources in small firms, wicked problems in public policy and management, and more. The texts are from reputable sources like Island Press, Center for Resource Economics, Nelson Education, Journal of Small Business Strategy, Administration & Society, Journal of Cleaner Production, and others.

Human Resource
Management
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
P1 Purpose of workforce planning...............................................................................................3
P2 Strength and Weakness of different approaches to selection process....................................4
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5
P7 Job Advertisement for vacancy of a Teacher.........................................................................5
P7 Places to Post advertisement...................................................................................................6
P7 Job and Person specification for the role................................................................................7
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................8
P3 Difference between training and development.......................................................................8
P3 effect of change in expectation of a customer in Tesco..........................................................8
P3 Different Training methods to be Used by Tesco...................................................................9
P3 How training need will be identified......................................................................................9
P4 Benefits of structured training Program in Tesco.................................................................10
P4 Achievement of Return on Investment by Training Program..............................................10
P4 Types of Approaches to Flexibility......................................................................................11
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................12
P5 Analysis of importance for ITV to maintain employee relations ........................................12
P6 Key elements in employment legislation..............................................................................13
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................14
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................15
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INTRODUCTION
Human resource management plays significant role within the organization that support
the company in managing their human resource that are termed as the key asset of the
organization. To bring management, a new department called human Resource is initiated by
many business organizations. Its main purpose is to organize and manage all work between the
employee of the organization and the working staff. The department also deals with the
compensation and benefits of the company (Mondy, and Martocchio, 2016). Every organization
should have HR department so that operational work of a firm can be carried out in much
smoother form. There are many necessary tasks which are required to be carried out by HRM
only like selection process by which it make department more important for an organization
involve in business. The following project will highlight all the necessary details about HRM
with respect to their work.
TASK 1
P1 Purpose of workforce planning
The term work force planning can be explained as a strategy which is used by most of the
organization to plan work in such a manner that it will meet the needs and priorities of the
organization (Mathis, and et.al., 2016). It can be referred as the identification of what an
organization will need in terms of size, knowledge, skills, employee or labor to meet its
objective. With the application of workforce planning, future changes in external and internal
environment can be attained. The purpose of workforce planning is as follows:
 It will support the process of budgeting, by which priorities and need will be identified
 It will help in identifying talent of the company which will bring a better communication
between employees. The planning will help in identifying the gap between the workforce.
 Discussing in context to HR manager of Wsoodhill College, the basic role is to get
recruitment process done so that the company can select the suitable person for the
vacancy (Dias, 2016).
 Another role to be played by HR manager is to establish a good communication between
the employees and to give all operational facility in Woodhill College. HR manager is
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responsible to bring development in college and to identify the needs of the same to get
fulfilled.
 Another role of HR planning within Woodhill college is to determine the actual numbers
of members and staff within the organization so that they can easily plan the strategy for
the college. With the help of determining the members within the college so they can
easily meet the demand of professor or teacher within the college.
There are various kinds of functions which are assigned to a HR manager and one of the
most important function is to carry out is to conduct proper recruitment process. If selection
process is being carried out in a perfect manner then a company will be able to achieve and hire a
person of better skill and knowledge in related filed. Another function of HR department is to
establish better and strong communication between the employees by which they will be able to
raise problems regarding any work related issue (Oke, 2016).
Once the problem is being solved, work will be carried out in more skillful manner.
Training is also one of the important parts of HR management which emphasizes on increasing
the skills and knowledge of employee. if the skills of person shall get enhanced then he will be
able to carry out his work in more efficient manner by which a business organization will be able
to achieve its objective as the work will b done in quality. Once the function of recruitment
process and training development will carried out by HRM in a proper manner then it will help
the company to attain several goals in the organization effectively.
P2 Strength and Weakness of different approaches to selection process
Selection process is an important part of the organization. It is the duty of HR manager to
carry out the selection process by which deserving candidate can get selected in the
company(Berman, and et.al., 2015). There are different kinds of approaches which are to be used
by a business organization and HRM, for the selection process. But there are certain strengths
and Weakness attached to selection process and those are as follows:-
Strength
1. A good selection process approach will lead towards less consumption of time while
conducting recruitment process. For an example, with the application of Job Posting
Strategy, it will provide information regarding vacancy to large number of people at one
time.
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2. Various selection process approaches will leads towards less consumption of time and
help in carrying out the work in more efficient manner(Brewster, Mayrhofer, and Morley,
2016).
Weakness
1. There are lot of weakness regarding the approaches of which one of the major is,
incomplete process of a selection.
2. Another weakness is that some approaches to selection process are very time consuming
by which a quality cannot be achieved regarding recruitment.
Internal approach can be considered as short term process by which a cultural
environment can be maintained in the company by this process no investment cost will appear on
the ground of company for conducting any kind of recruitment process
By the placation of External Approach a company will be able to publicize its name in
market by this large number of candidate can apply for the recruitment and company can easily
choose between variety of talent(Wilton, 2011).
Different approaches may give different effects. It may sometimes leads towards strength
or may lead towards weakness but a selection process is important to carry out in an organization
with different approaches so that recruitment can be carried out in more effective manner.
For an example it has been seen that while selecting online advertisement strategy, a
company will be able to showcase job vacant at different platform and will be able to inform
large number of people at one time(Gatewood, Feild, and Barrick, 2015). But it is considered as
very time taking process because no direct calls are made so the company has to Wait for the
candidate to approach and then seek interview process.
TASK 2
P7 Job Advertisement for vacancy of a Teacher
Job advertisement
Woodhill College
Job opportunities for teacher post within the college
Urgent requirement of English and Physics lecturer in college
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The job advertisement is given for hiring the teachers within the college so that they may impart
the required knowledge within the college to their different students.
Requirement of English teacher for 2 posts
Requirement of Physic teacher for 1 post
The candidate who apply for the job must be proficient in both the subject so that they may
easily impart the required knowledge to the individual.
The candidate those who are interested for the post may send their CV or resume on the below
mentioned mail ID.
[e-mail]
P7 Places to Post advertisement
Once the advertisement has been created by the company, it is very important to place it
on various platforms so that it shall be reachable to large number of people at same time. Placing
of advertisement is done in order to ensure that there will be awareness of particular information
in between the people(Shields, and et.al., 2015). Some of the important places to post
advertisement are:- Newspaper- it is considered as one of the cheapest and most effective [platform to place
an advertisement because newspaper reading is daily routine in a life of common man.
All the relevant information are generally published in newspaper by which a common
candidate may come to know about the vacancies in an organization. Public Notice Board- there are many region which have built public notice board so that
all the important information can be post there are desired candidate will get a knowledge
about same(Punnett, 2015). Posting an add on public notice board will make maximum
number of people to aware of same.
 Online Posting- there is much advancement in the technology by which all the thing are
accessible on internet. People look for the information on internet first then to other
sources. Posting an advertisement online any create a greater effect as it is the correct and
most approachable platform for posting adds.
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P7 Job and Person specification for the role
Specification can be referred as the precised act or the statement which ab person need to
carry out and related to his field (Warner, 2016). There are many kind of specification, for an
example Job specification of a teacher states:-
1. The person has to prepare lessons on the different subjects and to deliver it in front
students
2. The person has to prepare examination paper for the students so that they can clear it and
reach to next level.
3. Have to manage classroom and behavior of student so that decorum shall be maintained
in institution of education.
4. Participation in extra co-Cirriculam activities so that it will enhance social life of a
teacher.
Person Specification for Teacher Role
1. It may define about the knowledge, skills and qualities which a teacher must possess.
Specification in the same role states that:-
2. The person must attain skill and knowledge in English literature and language
3. He must be aware of rules to be used in grammar
4. The person or the candidate must encourage the student to learn English language for
better opportunities in future
5. The candidate must have a command over his subject so that he can resolve problems
student is going to ask in class room.
Application for Specific HRM Practice
Various HRM practices are applied in the above case related to English teacher.
Recruitment is the first HRM practice that was carried out in the above case. The rationale
behind using this HRM practice is that a process was required to be carried out so that suitable
candidates can be attracted for the position of English teacher. Moreover, recruitment is an HRM
practice that requires use of int6ernal or external recruitment advertising by using appropriate
media. Hence, job advertisement was prepared so that so that appropriate candidates learn about
vacancy and are attracted to apply for the job (Stone, and Deadrick, 2015).
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Another HRM practice was preparing job description and person specification for the role
of English teacher. The rationale behind preparing job description was to set out the overall
purpose of the job ole of English teacher and the main tasks that are to be performed in this role.
Further, the rationale behind preparation of person specification was to provide details about the
skills and experience that is required to perform effectively in this job role. With the help of
person specification and job descriptions, right candidates could be attracted for the job role of
English teacher.
TASK 3
P3 Difference between training and development
An effective training and an efficient development, both plays a very important role in an
organization. It is the prime motive of any company to attain certain goal which will leads
towards success and for that thing to occur, an effective training and development process is to
be included(Stone, and et.al., 2015). But there is far difference between a training and
development.
Training can be explained as the process to be used by all the business organization to
enhance the knowledge and skill of an employee. A training is always conducted with the help of
various tools, equipment or materials. A training process is generally conducted on the place
where the actual job is located. Many workshops and campaigns are organized to train an
employee. For an example to train an employee regarding manufacturing work, various kinds of
assistance shall be provided with regard to working with machines. On the other hand
development can be explained as the positive changes which are going to take place in an
organization. When any kind of evaluation is being done in an older process then it will amount
to development(Beadles, and et.al., 2015). A better training will lead towards better development
in a company.
P3 effect of change in expectation of a customer in Tesco
It is very important for a business organization to fulfill an expectation of a consumer
because if expectation does not met then it will lead to various kinds of losses to company. It can
be seen that a consumer expectation keeps on changing which will effect the company as well for
an example id Consumer Of Tesco raising an expectation to supply grocery in rural area then a
new company has to be established there or the services will be approachable to such ares also. A
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consumer expectation change may leads towards profits and losses as well. changes has to be
initiated in the company to meet expectation if a consumer(Jamali, El Dirani, and Harwood,
2015). There will be proper supply of goods and services to the consumer so that it could met the
change in consumer expectation. Regarding need of training staff, Tesco can maintain good
relation with the employee with in so they they will work hard to achieve the same. Proper
agreement and training shall be provided to the employee for better production.
P3 Different Training methods to be Used by Tesco
Training is considered as one of the important part of organization regarding employee as
it will improve skill and knowledge of a particular person regarding work and make an employee
more efficient to carry out same. Some of the training methods to be used by Tesco are:-
1. Technology Based Learning- training will be provided with the application of different
upgraded software. Company will use computer system and multimedia language to train
employee and to clear the Topic. Various project presentation are also given as visuals
create more effect then any other source.
2. On Job Training- training will be carried out on the first day of training. It is considered
as on of the effective way to conduct workshops where observation on how work will be
carried out, duties that an employee possess is carried out(2015and Brown, Brush,
Greene,).
3. Monitoring- another method of providing training in the organization is to receive
training from one experienced employee who know the proper functioning. The senor
person ill guide regarding work and monitor the work to be carried out by a trainee.
P3 How training need will be identified
Before providing training, it is very important to identify the basic need of a training
programme. Likewise before initiating training, Tesco has recognized the basic need on training.
Such can be identifies as:-
 Assessing of business objective- if training employee can leads towards achieving
objective by company then it must be installed in the company because the ultimate aim
of any business organization is to attain its objective in time(Head, and Alford, 2015).
 Measuring current Skills in employee- if all the employee are able to carry out the
work in efficient manner with skillful performance then there will be no need of training
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but if it is found that the work is not conducted in better manner and there is need to
increase knowledge and skill of an employee the a training must be provided by Tesco
 Gaps within knowledge- if an employee does not have a proper knowledge about the
work or there is lack in relevant information, then training is the must needed tool for the
company as when the wok is being conducted without knowledge then it will be able to
achieve its objective on time.
P4 Benefits of structured training Program in Tesco
There are numerous kinds of benefits which can be attained for employee in Tesco with
the implication of Structured Training Program. Some of the benefits are:- Incurred changes- by a structured training program, Tesco will be able to inculcate
changes in the work process(Abdullah, and Zulkifli, 2015). Such positive change will
lead towards the development in the business organization. Skill get sharpen- if proper training will be provided in a structural form then it will
increase the knowledge of an employee as well as the skills of a person on the work will
be enhanced by which he will be able to carry out his job more efficient manner. Will be able to see weakness and Skill gap- by the application of regular training, an
organization will be able to assess the weakness in program and will b able to identify
gap present in work force (Flynn, and et.al 2015).
 Provide a platform to learn- training is a platform where an employee will be able to
learn a lot regarding work. He will be able to gain knowledge on various work process.
Hence it can be said that there are many benefits attached to a training program.
P4 Achievement of Return on Investment by Training Program
Return on investment can be explained as the profits which a company has attained by
investing on a particular subject matter for an example a return on investment in training can be
calculated by the success or failure of training program. If mentoring of work is ended on a
successful note then it can be said that return of investment has been achieved on training. Such
success can be analyzed as
 When the employee will learn about basic steps to be carried out in work then it can be
said that training programme is successful
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 Increase in the knowledge and skill of a fresher to the company can be remark as return
on investment in training(Albrecht, and et.al., 2015).
 If the employee will be able to carry out his work in more efficient manner that is if the
work is to be done with perfection and with the application of perfect knowledge then it
can be said that investment on return has achieved.
 If the company is able to achieve its goals in given stipulated time, the investment has
achieved as the main motive of any business organization is to aim its goal and achieve it
on time.
Hence, it cab be said that when a training program is conducted on a successful note in a
company and employee is able to inculcate knowledge an skills then investment on return on
training will be achieved.
P4 Types of Approaches to Flexibility
Flexibility business can be explained as the ability of a organization to adapt and to make
internal and external changes easily. And such changes are important for the organization to
bring a healthy environment (Bal, and Dorenbosch, 2015). There are various kinds of approaches
which is used by business organization to bring Flexibility. For an example Tesco can apply few
approaches to flexibility so that it can adapt changes very easily. Some of the approaches are:- Functional Flexibility- it can be explained as when the organization is in ;position or is
in power to shift or move a responsbility or duty to another duty within the business
organization. This will let the company to bring flexibility in the condition and
requirement of the company and it will be able to adapt changes very easily. Structural Flexibility- when a particular pattern is to be followed by the company in
order to establish easy going changes. When adaptation of changes are conducted by a
company in structural form the it is known as structural flexibility.
 Numerical flexibility- the quantity of labor to meet fluctuation in demand is refereed as
numerical Flexibility(Jabbour, and de Sousa Jabbour, 2016).
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TASK 4
P5 Analysis of importance for ITV to maintain employee relations
The importance for ITV to maintain good employee relations can be analysed. It I a pre-
requisite for organizations like ITV to maintain healthy employee relations in order to be
successful(Monczka, and et.al., 2015). The importance can be described in the following points: High productivity and satisfaction- Good employee relations are important for ITV as
they lead to high productivity and satisfaction of the workforce. This is because with
effective employee relations, the issues concer4ning individuals are resolved in a better
manner. High employee retention rates- Employee relations help in improving the staff retention
rates of organization. This is because good employee relations make the staff members
feel connected to the company. Hence, it is important for ITV as maintaining employee
relations will help in retaining the members of the workforce. Resolving the problem of absenteeism- Maintaining good employee relations is
important for ITV as it will help in avoiding the issue of absenteeism. Thus, the overall
performance of organization will improve(Hanks, 2015).
Influence of employee relations on HR decisions
Maintenance of good employee relations influences HR decisions at ITV significantly.
This is because HR personnel need to be aware about the general employment law and need to
abide by it. Further, HR decisions are impacted as they now need to take into consideration the
attitudes and feelings of employees. The HR decisions need to be based upon the aspects of
employee engagement and collaboration.
Effect on HRM decision making by Employee relation management and Employment legislation
Key components of employee relation management are:- Proper training- HRM have to make sure that training program shall be conduct in a
proper manner. If there will be no proper training conducted in ITV the HRM has make
certain decision regarding the same as training is considered as one of the important part
because it will an employee to establish and enhance its skills regarding same(Vogus,
2015).
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 Employee Induction and Orientation- various decision has to be taken by HRM in terms
of orientation so that company will be able to assist new employee and will be able to
create a good, friendly and peaceful environment for the same.
Key components of employee Legislation:-
While taking any decision by HRM in ITV, it must considered all the rights and duties
that are established for the protection of interest. If there will be any kind of infringement in the
right like no proper or regular wages are provided by the company the Human Resource
Management has to take certain decision regarding same(Human resources officer, 2017).
P6 Key elements in employment legislation
a legislation can be explained as the laws or the regulation which will be enacted by the
governing body. The main idea behind implementation of such rules and regulation is to protect
the interest of the person in context to his rights and duties. There are many legislation which are
initiated in the field of employment such as:- Employment Right act- it is considered as is one of the main legislation with regard to
employment in business scenario(Brush, Edelman, and Manolova, 2015). It has provision
related to the rights of an employee for an example it is the right of an employee to get
paid for the work done that is he is entitled to get monthly wages. Right to Equality Act- it states that every employee has the right to get treated equally
that is he shall be measured on equal basis in terms of work or other operational facility.
A company cannot conduct discrimination between 2 employee of same post. If it happen
then the organization will b held liable for same.
 Health and Safety at Work Act 1974- it is the right of an employee to get proper
assistance regarding health and safety at work place. The will be approachable and easy
access to medication and other safety device.
While taking any Decisions by ITV HR manager, it has to be taken in due consideration
that it shall not infringed employment right because this will lead towards legal liability hence,
decision will be conducted in legal framework(Chen, and et.al2015).
Employee relations and application of HRM practices within ITV
Employee relations can be explained as the as the communication which is established
between the employee of the organization. It has been seen in ITV that with the proper
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application of HRM policies and employee relation, the company will be able to achieve its goal
on time (Human Resource Management MSc, 2016). Several other decision can be taken in
context to bring development in the company for an example
 Can Focus on more good communication
 Can make decision regarding Flexibility
 Decision can b made regarding new legislation
 Decision in improvement of employee relation.
CONCLUSION
It shall be conclude from the above project that workforce planning is considered as an
important tool for human resource management. The project has put more focus on the different
approaches of training as well as the importance of training in various organization like TESCO.
One part of the project has explained about Job role of a English teacher with posting of
Advertisement at different places like interned, public notice board etc. Various kinds of
legislation like employment right act, Right to equality act are defined with respect to effect of
HRM decision. A Great example of ITV company is also framed with regard to HRM practices
and Policies.
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