Unit 4 - Management and Operations

Management and
operations

Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................3
Main Body..................................................................................................................................3
Part 1..........................................................................................................................................3
Define and compare the role and characteristics of a leader or a manager............................3
Examine examples of how the role of a leader and the function of a manager apply in
different situational contexts..................................................................................................4
Apply different theories and models of approach, including situational leadership, systems
leadership and contingency....................................................................................................5
Conclusion..................................................................................................................................6
Part 2..........................................................................................................................................7
Introduction................................................................................................................................7
Explain the key approaches to operations management and the role that leaders and
managers play.........................................................................................................................7
Explain the importance and value of operations management in achieving business
objectives................................................................................................................................8
Assess the factors within the business environment that impact upon operational
management and decision-making by leaders and managers.................................................9
Conclusion................................................................................................................................10
References................................................................................................................................11

Introduction
A manager and a leader play a significant role within organisation as they are become one of
the valuable assert within organisation. There is a big difference in between the role of a
manager and a leader in operation and management of an organisation (Bucăţa and Rizescu,
2017). The chosen organisation for this assignment is Barclays Plc which is a British
multinational investment financial and service company, headquartered in London, England.
It is founded in 1896 in London, United Kingdom. It provide different services through
personal and corporate banking, wealth management and investment management. This
assignment include the basic details of for the type of leadership and manager functions and
skills which are related to different models that help organisation to growth effectively.
Main Body
Part 1
Define and compare the role and characteristics of a leader or a manager
Manager: they are the one who drive the goals and objective of the company with the
help of pre-planned activities which are designed by the top management. In order to
accomplish different task, manager have to make sure and develops some beneficial
strategies which are helping them and perform in a strategic way to achieve objectives.
Managers has the responsibilities to appraisal of their team and make sure about the
performance activities and their duties.
Leaders: Leaders are the one who get the work completed by their employees. Just as the
role of manager, they have to make sure about some motivation approaches in their team.
With the help of communication and leadership skills they had to complete the assign task
from their team (Carsten, Uhl-Bien and Huang, 2018).
There is a difference in the role and characteristics of the role of a leader or a manager.
They both have different role and function within organisation. But all of the functions are
helpful for the organisation and achieve targeted objective in the chosen organisation. Which
are described below:
Basis Manager Leader
Meaning Their main task is to setting the
objectives for the organisation. They
work in every situation and show the
right path with the help of different
theories.
They are the one who motivate their team
to move on the right path and help them to
increase their team productivity and
performance.

Role Manager’s main role is to design the
plan and manage all activities and task
within organisation. The manager of
Barclays divide their work and daily
update their employee’s performance
(Choy, McCormack and Djurkovic,
2016). They take care of their daily
activities and different task within
organisation which are used different
resources and assets of the company.
The role of leader is to take together and
work distribution in employee according to
their skills. Further they analysis the
position and performance of their team and
report that to manager. They have to take
care of the work which has been conducted
in order to complete the right decision and
set kind of benefits within organisation.
Characteristics Managers have different characteristics
which are positive attitude, empathy,
accountable, reliable and specific. All of
these characteristics of the manager
help them to work effectively within
organisation and achieve all objective
with having different management
theories.
Leaders try to being honest, confident,
creative, communicative, motivator and
good decision maker. Leaders make sure
about their task which are divided and used
by them by fulfilling different type of
leadership theory.
Examine examples of how the role of a leader and the function of a manager apply in
different situational contexts
The role of a leader and functions of manager work in the respected organisation
through the different situation context. These different situation are explained with the help of
theories of leadership and management prospective:
Behavioural theory of leadership: This theory highlight the leader behaviour toward
their team and use their skills in best approach. This will increase the effectiveness and allow
to improve productivity within organisation (Heizer, 2016). This is the theory which is used
by the barcley's manager and leader in order to identifying the basic situations of barcleys's
and monitoring the detailed analysis of their practices. In barcley's bank they needed to be
make change as per the need of clients.
Classical Theory of management: This theory help managers to distribute their
work and achieve the organisation’s role. Managers would apply this theory by carefully
explaining which can enhance their productivity.
Contingency theory of management: This theory is based on the efficiency so when
there is the need of improve efficiency of employee mostly manager use this theory. This
theory can be applied when some new factors affect the employee’s performance.

Action centred Leadership: This is used by any organisation as it is based on the
action and direct result of the company and their decision. Mostly managers will roll out the
result based action which are needed to develop team’s productivity.
Management by objective: As per its name, theory is made for helping managers
and outline the roles and duties of their employees. This will help the managers to increase
productivity and enhance the performance (Hester, 2017). This is the another example which
is used by the barcley's different managers and leader. It can be said that the manager define
the situation of company and plan as per the need. That plan which is made by the manager
are followed up by the leader of barcley's in their all over employees.
When it comes to Barclays Plc, their manager used management by objective theory
to work effectively and their leaders use behavioural theory in order to motivate their
employees to perform well and make sure about the behaviours of their employee towards
organisation. All of these show that the manager and leader of the companby are very
effective and understand the need of their customer. With the help of above modles and
theory's example they are applying different situation in their contexutal market situation.
Apply different theories and models of approach, including situational leadership, systems
leadership and contingency
There are different theories and models which are used by the managers and leader for
to accomplish the given task and achieve all objectives and plan which are set by
organisation. In Barclays the managers and leaders used situational, system leadership,
contingency and chaos theory:
Situational leadership: This theory is developed for the growth of organisation
which are done by managers while adopting different style and ideas according to the
different situation of the company and their employees (Hicks, 2020). For the company like
Barclays it is important for them to use this theory as they are facing different situations
under different methods. This is supportive and directive model of behaviour. Further it will
help the managers to develop their communication skill, increase the diversifying work
environment.
System leadership: This will create the guidance across the organisation and
geopolitical boundaries. This idea will be very helpful to set the diversifying approach within
or outside the geographical approaches. This change the structured of the company and their
decision, in order to apply this model within organisation it is suggested appoint a leader who

see the version of long-term vision and make strategic approach related to the growth of
company.
Contingency approach: This model use for the characteristics of leader, this is
suitable for any type of organisation. All the internal and external factors are affected by the
growth of organisation and further these factors may affect business which affect with the
behaviour approach of leader. But before applying this model it is suggested that the leader
and manager should understand the behaviour of model which are used by different leader.
Chaos theory: This theory is used by the leaders into actions within market which are
used by particular point of time. This theory is connected by the mainly with market and
when the company is going through the development process (Le and et.al., 2019). For
example, changing the nature of economy will make the impact of customer action and
demand. With the help of this model management team of the company will be more
effective and efficient in their work and reduce the impact of global challenges within
organisation.
Management by Objectives: This is the model which is used and managed by the
manager in order to develop aim and performance of business which affect goals of the
organisation. With the help of this model management team will be able to ensure that
different task and objective will be used in some methodological process. This will assured
the role and responsibilities of manager while completing the need and goal of the company.
Conclusion
From the above report it is concluded that performance of operational management
within organisation are effective and achieve the role in respected organisation. Leader and
manager must be able to complete all principles which has to be set out with organisation
prospective.

Part 2
Introduction
Manager and leader both work together within organisation to utilise the resources
with the help of strategic and different models that can further help organisation to achieve
objectives that they have been set for their growth. Their key operations are related to the
concept of Barclays plc. This will include Managerial and operational need of the
organisation are vary from different organisation that depend on the company’s internal
circumstances and variety of managerial and leadership skills.
Explain the key approaches to operations management and the role that leaders and managers
play
Total quality management: This process include task and activities which are overseen in
order to complete the level of satisfied within organisation. The need of TQM will be useful
for effective management, improvement and performance of functions.
Role of leader and manager: manager complete the orders from suppliers, ensuring
the quality and maintain a good relationship with suppliers. Whereas leader utilised the
resource in a right way, ensure about the performance of employees and check daily for
equipment’s.
Continuous improvement or Kaizen: This is used for the improvement of overall objectives
and complete the process for aim to reduce or remove the wastage from the different
organisational concept (Meng and Boyd, 2017). This is used to manage operational activities
within management system of organisation.
Role of leader and manager: Manager Need to identifying scope and ensure the
awareness. Further they make a success of using kaizen methods. While leaders are
recognising some specified task and confirm some major benefits from the process of
organisation.
Six Sigma: This method is used by the organisation in order to remove some deficiency in
their services and products. This model will help the managers to achieve highest level of
satisfaction by isolating defects in the different market approaches.
Role of leader and manager: manager of the company will use this model trough
training and development, outline the six sigma products and make a support from suppliers.

Leaders try to save the cost by getting goals and objective. They monitor the growth of
company while using this model.
Just in Time: This policy is used by the organisation to increase effectiveness and provide
steps that help them to decrease their waste activities that will needed in production.
Role of manager and leader: Manager need to ensure the quantity and quality of the
products and services. Whereas leaders ensure the work of employees and check about the
equipment conditions.
Lean production: This is the most systematic and straightforward methods which are used to
removal of wastage in the production system. Applying this model within organisation may
be used for assistance operational management system.
Role of manager and leader: Leader has to enable the function and responsibilities
to provide a direction in employee for improving production. Whereas manager need to
analysis the effectiveness of products and services (Mnich and Wisniewski, 2019).
Explain the importance and value of operations management in achieving business objectives
 Controlling and distribution system: This is the operational management which are
used for monitoring the production process within organisation. For seeing the
appropriate distribution channel to achieve the goals and objective of the company.
 Transformation of material: This will help the company to analysis the demand and
opportunity of the company in respect of their customer. The business will be able to
utilise the concept of transformation of raw material into finish goods with most
possible outcome.
 Capacity management: The capacity of the inventories are able to understand the
concept of development while following guidelines to ensure about the additional
goods and services. This is again reflected through the need of customer.
 Design process: This is one of the important function of operational management as
it will be able to meet the demand of customer and guarantee about the profit and
growth of the company within market (Rana and Vohra, 2016). By design the product
according to the need of customer they can easily able to achieve the objective of
company.

 Scheduling management: This is the management system which ensure the correct
operational activities schedule and correction if needed is taken place within
organisation. The resources, time scale, objectives, hurdles and many more things are
come under the concept of scheduling management.
 Inventory and logistics management: This function is used through manufacturing
services as this seems a very logistic and supported that complete the demand of
market within specified time period. While unable to work as this system then it will
lead to decrease for the goods and services for customer. This is helpful for utilising
the products for motivating and achieving the set targets within organisation.
Assess the factors within the business environment that impact upon operational management
and decision-making by leaders and managers
CSR: This will help the company’s manager and leader to ensure sustainability and
management of economic, social and environmental organisation. This would be helpful in
adopting short term goals, adjusting CSR policies and many more (Wang, 2016).
Culture and value: The culture of the place may affect the personality of
organisation that can operate in business environment. And values of organisation who the
impact of customer decision that actually welcome customer and business location.
Ethics: This show that working on operation in an ethical manner that it would never
be make wrong impact on society. This will help in promoting the products to encourage
sustainable development.
Sustainability: To make some beneficial objectives and not suing harmful resources
are the main factor of sustainability and this is how this will impact on the business
environment of the chosen organisation with operational management and their decision
making process.
Stakeholders: They are the one who hold the stock within organisation, so it is
important for the organisation and the company like Barclays needed to complete their
demand for the stakeholders. The decision of management to safeguard the interest of
company with some activities for stakeholder and their daily expectations (Reichard and
et.al., 2017).
Developing, encouraging and sustainable Intrapreneurship: Intrapreneurship play
an important role for the local and global economy of the company. The primary function of

the company is to check out about approaches of market and gain popularity. This will further
help the customer to ensure the training and development of employees, complete the decided
goals and objectives and in last it would make an impact on continuous learning programme.
Supporting, developing and sustaining entrepreneurship: This make an important
impact on business as the leaders and managers play an essential role in the theory of
entrepreneurship and make a business growth oriented for welfare of company. By adopting
the basic model and objective of company, managers and leader are try to increase their
productivity for the growth of company through each successful growth of department within
organisation.
Conclusion
As per the above assignment, this is concluded that for making high growth in market
manager and leader must follow CSR policies, culture and value, basic sustainable
development issues that can be used and solve by organisation. Related to the concept of
operational management procedure and decision-making impact within organisation.

References
Books and Journals
Bucăţa, G. and Rizescu, A.M., 2017. The role of communication in enhancing work
effectiveness of an organization. Land Forces Academy Review, 22(1), pp.49-57.
Carsten, M.K., Uhl-Bien, M. and Huang, L., 2018. Leader perceptions and motivation as
outcomes of followership role orientation and behavior. Leadership, 14(6), pp.731-
756.
Choy, J., McCormack, D. and Djurkovic, N., 2016. Leader-member exchange and job
performance. Journal of management development.
Heizer, J., 2016. Operations management, 11/e. Pearson Education India.
Hester, A., 2017. Management Starts With You: Gain Confidence and Success as a Leader
and Manager. Hachette UK.
Hicks, J.M., 2020. Leader communication styles and organizational health. The health care
manager, 39(4), pp.175-180.
Le, T.V. and et.al., 2019. Supply, demand, operations, and management of crowd-shipping
services: A review and empirical evidence. Transportation Research Part C:
Emerging Technologies, 103, pp.83-103.
Meng, X. and Boyd, P., 2017. The role of the project manager in relationship
management. International Journal of Project Management, 35(5), pp.717-728.
Mnich, J. and Wisniewski, Z., 2019, July. Leader as an Effective Strategy Implementer in
Public Higher Education Institutions. In International Conference on Applied
Human Factors and Ergonomics (pp. 457-466). Springer, Cham.
Rana, S. and Vohra, P.S., 2016. Business Transformation Strategies: The Strategic Leader as
Innovation Manager. South Asian Journal of Management, 23(1), p.210.
Reichard, R.J. and et.al., 2017. Believing is becoming: The role of leader developmental
efficacy in leader self-development. Journal of Leadership & Organizational
Studies, 24(2), pp.137-156.
Wang, C.J., 2016. Does leader-member exchange enhance performance in the hospitality
industry?. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management.