Leadership and Management: A Comprehensive Study

This assignment is a compilation of studies and research papers on leadership and management from diverse fields such as business, education, nursing, and engineering. It provides insights into performance leadership, transformational leadership, cultural intelligence, and distributed perspectives in school leadership. The resources include books, articles, and online content that can be used for further study or reference.

WORKING WITH AND
LEADING PEOPLE

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Documentation of recruitment and selection process...........................................................1
Terms of employment......................................................................................................................4
1.2 Impact of legal, regulatory and ethical considerations in recruitment and selection process
.....................................................................................................................................................4
1.3 Taking part in selection process............................................................................................5
2.1 Skills and attributes needs for leadership..............................................................................6
2.2 Difference between leadership and management..................................................................6
2.3 Leadership styles of different situations...............................................................................7
2.4 Motivate staff to achieves objectives....................................................................................8
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................9
3.1 Benefits of team working of UPS Company.........................................................................9
3.2 Importance of working team as a leader and manager..........................................................9
3.3 Effectiveness of team to attain goals...................................................................................10
4.1 Planning and monitoring the performance of United Parcel Service..................................10
4.2 Development needs of an individual at United Parcel Services.........................................11
4.3 Evaluation of the process of leadership and management..................................................12
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
In a business environment, to run a firm in an appropriate manner it is essential that
company have sufficient number of employees. For this, recruitment and selection process
should be done accordingly so that right candidates are selected for the suitable post (Arnold,
Fletcher and Molyneux, 2012). Therefore, it is a very difficult task and; managing a large
number of employees requires skilled person who can handle and lead all individuals in an
effective manner. United Parcel Service is a renowned company that deliver courier services to
various destinations. This report will throw light on legal regulatory and ethical considerations
which is necessary for recruitment and selection process. Apart form this, skills and attributes
required for leadership are included in this assignment. Comparison of different leadership styles
according to various situations is mentioned below in the report. Factors involved in the planning
the monitoring and of work performance has been written in this assignment. Lastly, the success
of the assessment process is enclosed in this.
TASK 1
1.1 Documentation of recruitment and selection process
Recruitment and selection process is one of the essential part of an organisation as it
provides a wide range of choices for selecting appropriate candidates for a company. Under this,
the documents required for the same are taken into considerations. So, it is prime duty of
managers to collect relevant data that is necessary for selecting a person. Henceforth, if an
organisation wants to run their business in an effective manner, it is essential that they can select
and use them whenever their role is required. Therefore, HR managers should select candidates
according to the knowledge which they acquire. According to the given scenario, it can be
understood that United Parcel Services is going through losses, therefore, HR manager of this
company is trying to select candidates for betterment of organisation (Azhar, 2011). Further
document can be done in following manner which is given below in order to understand in a
proper way.
JOB DESCRIPTION
Vacancy for various post in United Parcel Services and deals in courier services.
Post: Store Manager
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Type of Role: Permanent
Report to: Human Resource Manager.
Pay Salary: Between £25,000 to £30,000 Per annum
Main purpose of the job: The prime role of store manager will be to check all the stocks on a
regular basis whether the company have ample number of resources. Other than this, to go
through balance sheet in order to know if all the accounts are maintained or not. Person must be
able to encourage the workers so that they can perform the task in an effective manner.
Main duties and responsibilities:
 The main duty of store manager is to look whether all the letters and parcels are
collected and delivered right on time.
 Must be able to maintain a proper record of all the profit or losses that organisation is
facing.
 Should be able to maintain informations regarding transactions which are done by the
company.
PERSONAL DESCRIPTION
Candidate who are applying for the job must have an experiences of at least of 2 years and must
be capable of handling the pressure. Along with this, the person must have good communication
skills so that he/she can convey the message to subordinates and clients in a better way. As the
company is going through losses so it is important that individual manage the team in such a
way that they give their best efforts in increasing the brand image along with this, providing
good services and facilities should be the prime concern. Although it is a big challenge to retain
the position thus, individual will give his/her best in doing the same.
Qualifications:
 Graduation in Business Administration
 Post Graduation in Finance and Marketing Diploma in Information Technology.
Skills:
 Capable of working under pressure, can manage the task appropriately.
 Good communication skills so as to interact with customers in a proper manner.
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 Adequate information about the field and other practical knowledge as well.
Experience:
 An experience of more than 3 years in retail sector.
Application Form
3

Terms of employment
Under this, all the norms are discussed on to which both the employees and employer
agree and sign a bond for a particular job (Bolman and Deal, 2014). This includes various factors
like responsibility regarding the job, working hours and days, salary and many more. Apart form
this, benefits by health insurance are also mentioned and it is prepared in following manner.
 Full name of employee and employer.
 Address of employer
 Place of work
 Designation of the job
 Date of Joining
 Whether Part Time/ Full Time
 Salary
 Terms and Conditions for the job.
All the details, mentioned above are given to a candidates during the process recruitment
and selection so that all the clarifications are cleared and individual doesn't have problems.
Further, following are the documents that are required in the whole process and these are as
follows:
 Documents of qualification
 Identity proof
 4 passport size photographs
 Certificates if any
1.2 Impact of legal, regulatory and ethical considerations in recruitment and selection process
To run a business in a proper manner it is required that companies follow certain rules
and regulations which are regulated by Government authorities for a smooth conduct of business
environment. Thus, it is important that all the members of organisation have a detailed
information about rules and regulations (Chi, Lan and Dorjgotov, 2012). Therefore, some of the
legal and ethical laws are given below in order to understand it in a proper manner:
Equality Act, 2010: This law was formulated so that nobody is discriminated at work
place on the basis of caste, gender, religion, race or colour. Thus, it is necessary that all the
organisation introduce this law in order to maintain a healthy environment. Therefore, this is will
guide United Parcel Services in selecting candidates based on their talents not by caste, sex etc.,
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Equal pay Act, 1970: Individuals who are selected must be given equal payments
according to the post. If biased nature is shown towards a candidate than this may leads to
improper coordination at workplace (Drennan, 2012). Therefore, United Parcel Services is
explaining all the pay roll to its newly hired employees so that all the things are cleared.
Race Relation Act, 1976: This law was formulated in order to protect an individual from
various problems like discrimination in the basis of caste, gender, but this mainly focuses on race
whether white or black. Thus, United Parcel Services is monitoring the behaviour of individual
on a regular basis and evaluating whether this kind of activities are practised or not.
Employment Protection Act, 1978: This help an individual in knowing their basic rights
which they can avail while facing any problem. It assist them in keeping their job safe in the
company.
1.3 Taking part in selection process
As in the post of HR Manager in United Parcel Services, it is my prime responsibility that
the process of recruitment is done in a effective manner. Thus, it is my duty to make sure that all
the work which is performed under me are according to the rules and regulations. Therefore,
certain steps that must be taken into considerations while selecting a candidate are given below:
Selecting the recruitment and selection team: The main task of Human Resource
department is to select suitable candidates for the vacant posts. Thus, United Parcel Service is
doing the recruitment process in an effective manner and for this they have developed a team
who are experts in this.
Short listing of candidates: This is the second step which is considered for short listing
of candidates so that eligible nominee can be chosen. For this, skills and knowledge acquired by
an individual is evaluated along with this, curriculum vitae is also considered.
Interview Sessions:This comes after the short listing of candidates and they are called for
interview and team evaluate whether the person is capable for the job or not (Hallinger and
Bryant, 2013). As a HR manager a certain questions have been prepared based on which skills
and knowledge will be judged.
Final Appointment: This comes after all the steps have been done thus, it is determined
as the final stage. Under this, selected candidates are provided appointment letters in which all
the details regarding the job and their responsibilities are included.
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1.4 Own contribution in selection process
HR manager in an organisation plays a crucial role as their prime role is to manage and
allocate entire task to individual who are working in a company. Thus, they are the one who are
responsible for assigning roles as per capabilities. As I am the recruiting manager in UPS,
therefore its my duty to conduct interviews in a proper manner in a systematic way. In order to
fill these vacancy I am going through every departments so as to know which post is empty and
needs to be fulfilled. Other than this, some of the task that are to be done by me are stated below:
 Formulating objectives that are to be followed in order to execute the task as per the rules
and regulations.
 Publishing of articles on newspapers, magazines and other media platforms so as to
attract a large number of people for any selected post.
 Further making of a list who are suitable of the job will be made.
 After this, questionnaire will be created in order to question candidates so that their
intelligence can be measured.
 Other than this, evaluation of performance is being done by monitoring every individual.
 Lastly, final interview session will be conducted so as to get best candidates amongst
others.
Therefore, above mentioned roles are performed by me during the process of recruitment
and selection process. As an HR manager its my prime duty to fill empty post for UPS so the
company's activities can be operated in a better manner.
2.1 Skills and attributes needs for leadership
Leadership skills are not inborn these are acquired by an individual according to the
situations provided to them. So, it can be said that leaders attain certain traits that make them
unique form others (Leadership and management, 2017). Therefore, to run their business in an
appropriate manner United Parcel Service have decided to open a new department so that they
can divide the task according to the capabilities so that the work is done in a proper manner.
Some of the qualities that are acquired by leaders and managers are given below:
Motivational skills: A good leader always encourage its team in such a manner that they
can accomplish the task in a better way. They try to keep a perfect environment at workplace so
that all the employees stay positive and share their views so an effective growth in business
operations.
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Communication Skills: Communication is the basic tool, which almost every
organisation use in order to interact with workers. This assist company to know the issues and
problems faced by employees. Thus, it is mandatory that a transparency is maintained between
upper and the lower level.
Performing strategically: In order to gain more advantage it is important that leaders are
open minded. They should have the capabilities of changes for the betterment of the company
(Lev, 2013). For attaining set targets and goals they are making appropriate strategies and plan of
action through which the whole department can be managed.
2.2 Difference between leadership and management
Source Leadership Management
Concept  Leadership is a trait
that are different for
one another.
 Leaders are the one
who lead the team form
the front and along
with this guide an
individual in
performing the task in
a better manner.
 Under this, the prime
role of management is
to divide all the work
according to the
capabilities and
departments
respectively.
 Thus, to accomplish the
task it is required that a
proper coordination is
maintain in all the
department.
Function  Leaders major function
is to motivate its
teammates in such a
way that they perform
the task for
accomplishing their
common goal.
 Therefore, managers as
compared to leader
control; over all the
resources in order to
make sure that it is
used for attaining set
targets and objectives.
Applicability  Leaders can be for both  Under this, managers
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formal and informal
depends on the task
which they are
performing. Leaders
can be said as a guide
who shows the correct
path for accomplishing
the work.
are only for formal
structure because
company have to face
many people at the
same time.
Authority  Authority always give
an extra power to an
individual. Leaders use
this so that team mates
can complete the task
in an appropriate
manner.
 Managers also have
authority which he/she
can use for guiding the
squad but it is
applicable only at
workplace. Therefore,
cannot utilise outside
office.
2.3 Leadership styles of different situations
There are different kind of leadership styles which is being used by United Parcel
Services for making their work more effective. These are explained below in a proper manner so
that it could be understandable (Works with Leading people, 2017). Among all the leadership
styles Democratic form of leadership is the best as it give equal opportunities to express their
views and thoughts. This is appropriate and utilised by most of the organisation in decision
making.
Autocratic leadership style can be said as a rigid system as it is used for aggressive form
of work so that maximum number of products can be manufactured in given period of time.
Under this, not everyone is included in decision making and these are taken by superiors or
managers.
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In Paternalistic style of leadership is also used by United Parcel System and it is same as
autocratic style; it doesn't provides independence to employees to perform the task accordingly
and most of the decisions are taken by superiors and leaders.
Laissez-Fire approach, under this managers doesn't play any vital role and there is a
maximum chances of arise in conflicts. This is not helpful and cannot be applied in new ventures
because to establish a fresh business experienced person are required.
Democratic leadership style gives equal freedom to all its employees and this enable
them in sharing their views and thoughts which company can utilise in proper decision-making.
This provides an appropriate place for working and a growth can be seen in return.
2.4 Motivate staff to achieves objectives
Motivation is the biggest aid this can transform individual's mind into positive aspects
and as a result a good result can be obtained. According to the given scenario United Parcel
Service is going through losses and most of its staff members have left the job. Thus, the
condition of the company is vert bad (Nienaber, 2010). Hence, it is prime duty of HR Manager of
UPS to encourage the left out employees so that they can give their best in order to get maximum
benefits. For this, the organisation is using various theories like Maslow's Hierarchy, X and Y
theory, two factor theory and many more. United Parcel Service is using these theories in
following ways which are mentioned below:
Reasonable Payment: It is important for business organization to provide reasonable
salary to its workers which helps in motivating workers at workplace. In context of UPS, they
also provide good services to its workers as per their performance level.
Treating employees with respect: For attaining better results,it is more important for the
company to treat their workers effectively. It helps in motivating workers and also fulfil their
social needs. With the help of this workers get satisfied and motivated.
Training and development: Providing proper training and development programs is also
an important in which workers enhance their skills and knowledge. Thus they effectively
perform their activities and attain positive outcomes.
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TASK 2
3.1 Benefits of team working of UPS Company
United Parcel Service needs a best team in order to accomplish the task in a better
manner, a perfect team can help an organisation in achieving the task in specific time period. It is
a prominent role of team members to give their best efforts in order to give excellent services
and facilities (Peterson, 2011). Therefore, it is important that a perfect team is build who can
complete the task in time frame. A Strong team assist a company in getting the best results
through which they can sustain a better position in market area. Various factors are mentioned
below that is optimised by UPS for getting success:
Effective growth: With a proper team all the goals and objectives can be achieved this
will help the company in enhancing the brand image in front of its customers. If the task is
divided into various sectors than it become more easier to complete in specific time frame.
Maintain a good employee relationship: To have a healthy environment it is important
that a healthy environment at work place where employees can sit and do their task with peaceful
mind set. It, motivates the team members to have an effective communication amongst
employees.
3.2 Importance of working team as a leader and manager
Leaders and managers are said to be an essential part of an organisation as they guide and
mange the task respectively. Other than this, their prime duty is to maintain a good environment
at workplace so that an effective results can be achieved. They also motivate and encourage the
employees to work as per the market situations. Further the roles of managers and leaders are
given below:
Coordinator: In context with United Parcel Service, managers and leaders of this
organisation are good in maintaining coordination so that the work is performed in stipulated
time period.
Monitor the performance: To maintain a healthy environment both manger and leader
keep an eye on their employees so that they can evaluate whether employees are facing any
issues or not.
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Team worker: Both leaders and managers take their team along with them and keep
coordination between employees so that all the needs and wants can be fulfilled on given time
frame.
For Example: Team is given with a task like they have to develop a machine which can
easily scan parcel and address mentioned on the parcel will automatically registered in computer.
But team members are finding it difficult in building the machine so leader will guide and show
them an appropriate path in order to make the device perfect. Other than this, leader can tell team
members about the flaws so that they doesn't repeat it again.
3.3 Effectiveness of team to attain goals
Team in an organisation plays an important role in getting better outcomes and for this it
is necessary that individuals with creative minds and brains are incorporated so as to achieve the
goals and objectives (Spillane and Healey, 2010). Therefore, UPS is gaining better position and
this shows that a perfect team is maintained by the organisation. Thus, the team members who
are included in this have adequate knowledge through which they can attain the targets easily.
Thus, they must be capable of dealing with external environment by using appropriate strategies
and plan of action.
Therefore, an effective coordination is maintained in all the individuals present in team
this will assist them in achieving set objectives. For this, United Parcel Services is using Belbin's
model of development under which various activities for attaining the objectives are mentioned.
As a result they are gradually gaining excellent results and outcomes as well.
4.1 Planning and monitoring the performance of United Parcel Service
Monitoring an individual is very important as it enable the superiors in dividing the task
according to the skills and capabilities of candidates. Thus, some of the ways are mentioned
below by which performance can keep an eye for a better results:
Surveying clients and customers: UPS is conducting a survey so as to know the
performance of employees. This will help the company in having an overview about the changes
that will give them better results.
Using random methods: For checking the quality performance of workers UPS is using
various random methods to check the behaviour of employees towards the company (Terkel,
2011).
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Performance Appraisal: This is an essential process and by giving performance appraisal
organisation can motivate their employees for performing the task more effectively.
Professional development Plan
Focus
Area
Where
now
Will be Activity Resources Timings Reward
Presentati
on skills
Have a
good
communic
ation skills
but
sometimes
hesitate to
interact
with
others.
Will be able to
manage the
whole process of
sending and
delivering the
parcel or letters.
Improve by
giving
presentations
according to
different
situations.
Online
websites,
Internet.
1 week Designate
d as senior
manager
of the
organisati
on.
Writing
skills
Lots of
grammatic
al
mistakes is
a big
concern
which
needs to
be
improved.
Matter written
need to be in
such frame
which could be
easily
understood by
the individual.
For improving it
in an effective
manner proper
classes are being
taken by the
individual.
English
grammar
classes,
other than
this,
reading
books and
novels.
2 weeks Performan
ce
appraisal
in front of
the whole
staff.
Team
working
skills
Have
skills of
performin
g the task
in an
Good
cooperation and
coordination
will be the
biggest concern
To enhance the
skills and
knowledge
proper training
programmes and
By playing
games,
performin
g the task
under
20 days Achieved
the award
of best
team in
company.
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innovative
manner.
in this step. activities are
being conducted.
team.
4.2 Development needs of an individual at United Parcel Services
Unite Parcel Services in one of the renowned organisation but currently they are facing
problems so, to accomplish the targets it is necessary that they appoint eligible candidates who
can work in managing the task in a proper manner (Thompson, 2012). The candidates who are
selected are good in performing their task other than this, company is giving training
programmes so as to enhance the existing skills and knowledge of employees. Therefore,
manager of UPS is going through all the activities in order to know the task which have to be
performed. Following step are mentioned below is is required to be considered in training
process:
 Objectives of organisation
 Training objectives
 Providing training programmes and activities.
 Evaluation of training
Therefore, it is essential that all the needs and demands are recognised by the UPS on
time so that appropriate changes can be made by them in order to satisfy their employees. Along
wit this professional and working skills must be avail by an individual so as to give better
outcomes.
4.3 Evaluation of the process of leadership and management
Leadership and management skills are very essential for handling the business in an
effective manner. UPS is analysing the performance of individual and it is helping them in
applying appropriate strategies and training programmes (Walumbwa, Avolio and Aryee, 2011).
With the help of effective leader the goals and task can be achieved right on time other than this,
it assist employees in building a coordination between team member and superiors.
Therefore, management of UPS needs to develop a proper plan and strategies so that
workers can follow that and obtain the targets on time.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it can be conclude that, to work effectively it is necessary that a
perfect coordination is maintained. Thus, it is essential that company follow up a proper
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recruitment process, so that they can retain the best candidates. Other than this, to build a strong
team it is required that organisation provides proper training programmes so that employees can
enhance their skills. Working with leading people within a group always helps organisation in
attaining its goals and objectives in a speculated time frame. Other than this, it assist an
individual in increasing its skills and knowledge so that future proceedings can be done by a
person in an effective manner. Therefore, while making appropriate strategies as well working as
a team will always provide a better outcomes as compared to working individually.
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REFERENCES
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Drennan, J., 2012. Masters in nursing degrees: an evaluation of management and leadership
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Hallinger, P. and Bryant, D., 2013. Mapping the terrain of educational leadership and
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Lev, A. I., 2013. Transgender emergence: Therapeutic guidelines for working with gender-
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Nienaber, H., 2010. Conceptualisation of management and leadership. Management
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Peterson, B., 2011. Cultural intelligence: A guide to working with people from other cultures.
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Spillane, J. P. and Healey, K., 2010. Conceptualizing school leadership and management from a
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Terkel, S., 2011. Working: People talk about what they do all day and how they feel about what
they do. The New Press.
Thompson, J., 2012. Transformational leadership can improve workforce competencies:
Managers are responsible for organising workloads and employees, and ensuring
wards have the right balance of skills. Juliana Thompson explains how senior nurses
can integrate their leadership and management roles to achieve these goals. Nursing
Management. 18(10). pp.21-24.
Walumbwa, F.O., Avolio, B.J. and Aryee, S., 2011. Leadership and management research in
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Online
Leadership and management. 2017. Available Through:
<https://managementstudyguide.com/leadership-management.htm>. [Accessed on 4th
November 2017].
Works with Leading people. 2017. Available Through: <https://hbr.org/2015/06/leading-people-
when-they-know-more-than-you-do>. [Accessed on 4th Novembe2017 ].
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