Leadership Theories and Practices

This assignment delves into a range of leadership theories, examining their core principles and how they are applied in different organizational settings. It analyzes case studies and contemporary examples to illustrate the impact of various leadership styles on team performance and individual motivation. The discussion encompasses topics such as transformational leadership, servant leadership, ethical considerations in leadership, and the influence of cultural factors on leadership effectiveness.

WORKING WITH AND
LEADING PEOPLE

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1 ...........................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Documents required to select and recruit new staff in U.P.S................................................1
1.2 Impact of legal,regulatory and ethical consideration to recruitment and selection process .2
1.3 Participation in selection process..........................................................................................3
1.4 Own contribution to selection process..................................................................................4
2.1 Skills and attributes needed for leadership ...........................................................................5
2.2 Difference between leadership and management .................................................................5
2.3 Comparison of leadership styles in different situations........................................................6
2.4 Ways to motivate staff in UPS..............................................................................................7
TASK 2 ...........................................................................................................................................8
3.1 Benefits of team working .....................................................................................................8
3.2 Importance of working in a team as a leader and deal with conflicts ................................9
3.3 Review effectiveness of team in achieving the goals............................................................9
4.2 Deliver assessment for development needs of individuals.................................................10
4.3 Evaluate success of assessment process .............................................................................11
CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
In every organization all managers have to complete all activities effectively and
efficiently. They have to achieve all objectives in minimum time. Leaders have to
guide,supervise and motivate all employees so that they can achieve the goals. This report will
discusses about the United parcel company which is a courier firm (Adamou, 2017). Project
explains about preparation of document to select and recruit members and evaluate impact of
legal, regulatory and ethical considerations to recruitment and selection process. It also describe
about selection process, skills, attributes needed for leadership between leadership and
management, compare leadership styles in various situations, ways to motivate staff and benefits
of team working in an firm. Project explains about methods of leader to work in team so that
they can achieve the goals, evaluate effectiveness of team in achieving goals, factors in planning
and monitoring performance.
TASK 1
1.1 Documents required to select and recruit new staff in U.P.S
For recruiting and selecting company needs various documents. It is important so that
that UPC can recruit and select effective and efficient employees. Thus they can improve their
process of selection and recruitment (Boone, 2015). Company invests various funds in these
processes. Documents required for selecting applicant is as follows:
Job Description
Name of Company United Parcel Service
Job designation Manager of marketing department
Reporting Board of directors and CEO
Location London, U.K.
Duties and functions  Creates all plans and policies linked
with managing activities of marketing
department
 Develop strategies related to
promotional activities.
 Evaluate the processes of transportation
, warehouses and distribution
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Working hours tasks.10:00 a.m. To 6:00 p.m.
Job specification
Qualifications  Graduate from any University of UK
 Done M.B.A in marketing
Experience  Minimum of 5 years experience in
reputed marketing company.
Area of expertise  Good problem solving skills
 Good leadership skills
 Training capabilities
Methods of recruitment: A HR manager have determine various method of recruitment.
With utilisation of appropriate technique, management become able to select right candidate who
is required for the job (Cook, 2016). It uses various applications in internet, advertisements,
social sites etc.
Interview is organized so that manager can select good and qualified candidate according
to the job. There are various questions which are described below-
Interview questions
Q.1 Tell me about yourself?
Q.2 Why should we select you?
Q.3 What is difference between marketing and selling?
Q.4 What are your strengths and weaknesses?
Q.5 Where you want to see yourself after 7 years?
Q.6 What are your previous experience regarding profile of marketing?
1.2 Impact of legal,regulatory and ethical consideration to recruitment and selection process
Company follows different rules and regulation so that they do not discriminate among
all employees and there can be effective and efficient process of recruitment and selection. There
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are various legal, regulatory and ethical considerations which have impact on the selection
method.
Company can follow the Equality act, 2010 in which UPS firm can recruit and select all
employees. They do not discriminate all staff members on basis of race, religion, caste, sex,
disability, gender etc. (Dubnick, and Frederickson, 2015). Firm do not make difference among
all staff members and can provide training to all staff members. Thus they can protect their
rights. Hence they give equal chance to all employees in jobs. Manager can provide
compensation according to their work, skills and capabilities.
Manager can follow employment protection act and durability act. Company has to give
equal chance to disabled persons so that they also have opportunity to show their talent and
skills.
Manager do not make bias in hiring the employees so hence all staff members have equal
chance to showcase their talent and capabilities. Hence staff members can give good results and
can achieve their objectives.
Manager follow fair remuneration act in which it gives fair and justifiable salary to all
employees. This is done according to performance of all employees. Through these practices
manager can give equal chance to all employees in recruitment and selection process.
1.3 Participation in selection process
Manager have to select right candidate for the job so that it can all activities can run
effectively. Thus they select good and efficient candidate who have required skills and
capabilities according to the job. The steps which are included in selection process of UPS firm
are:
Preliminary interview: It is the minimum basis through which manager can select the
candidate. So hence they check the qualification of applicant so that they can screen the
candidates according to the job.
Application form: The application form is filled by the candidate. This contains
information such as gender,age,qualification and other personal information. It is important so
that company can have necessary data regrading the applicant.
Written test: This test is conducted so that applicant skills and capabilities are tested.
This includes aptitude,attitude,personality and other test. It is dine so that qualified candidate can
be selected (Evans, 2016).
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Employment interview: Interview is taken so that manager can ask various questions
and can evaluate the knowledge and skills of applicant. Hence they can screen among all
applicant and can select qualified candidate (Gibson, 2017).
Checking references: In thus company monitors the name of candidate,contact details
and have knowledgable of their friends as well as relatives. They can also evaluate the data about
the previous firm in which employee had earlier worked.
Medical examination: Manager evaluates the health conditions of applicant to ensure
that employee is fit and fine according to the job. It is important so that healthy employee can be
selected.
Appointment letter: The candidate who have passed all tests and interview process is
selected. Then applicant is given the appointment letter in which all details regarding the job
timings,salary,roles and functions and other benefits are mentioned.
I have to take active participation in the selection process of a company for gaining and
determine appropriate candidate. For this, initially preliminary interview is essential so that
screening of an individual could be done. Then it move on to next step where written test and
other other essential test lead to get conclude. This enables in identify the strength and weakness
of a person properly with their ability to do work. Thus, by effective evaluation then as a
manager I am going to select an individual and provide appointment letter as well.
1.4 Own contribution to selection process
I evaluated my own sills and capability in selection process. I have created all documents
and records in selecting the right candidate for the job. I had provided many advertisements in
newspaper and other applications on the internet. I have also participated in selection and
recruitment process. I took good interview of candidate with my potential and capabilities so that
effective candidate can be selected. I have monitored the personality of candidate and maintained
the eye contact with person. I have conducted the interview and other tests so that effective
candidate can be selected. Candidate's personal information and references are also evaluated so
that wrong applicant cannot be selected. In my supervision, the applicant is sent to medical
examination so that healthy and fit employee can be selected according to the job (Herring and
Elton, 2016). At last I have given the appointment letter which contains all details regarding the
job so that employee can be familiar with the rules and regulations of the company. This is also
important so that applicant do not have confusion and clear with their roles and responsibilities.
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So in my supervision the selection process can be held in a better and efficient manner(Hodges,
2016).
2.1 Skills and attributes needed for leadership
There are various skills and capabilities which is important fore leader so that they can
managers firm in a proper manner. It is also crucial so that they can motivate all staff members
can be effectively managed. Skills and attributes required in leadership in UPS company are:
 Problem solving: Leader is the person who solves all issues and problems of all
employees. It is important so tat staff members can effectively and efficiently work in
the company.
 Communication skills: Leader have good interactive skills so that they can easily
explain all plans and policies to all employees. It is also important to motivate and guide
all staff members.
 Team building: Leader of UPS company tries to maintain good and effective team so
that all activities and tasks can run successfully and smoothly. So they selects the
candidate who have good skills,potential and capabilities and then bud a team.
 Interpersonal skills: Leader motivates,guides and supervises all employees so that it
can increase the energy level and enthusiasm of all staff members. Thus they can
perform well and give good outcomes.
 Balance between work: Leader of UPS company tries to maintain co-ordination in
work. They delegate work according to skills and capabilities of all employees. This is
important so that staff members can properly perform the required task (Hosking,
2015) .
2.2 Difference between leadership and management
Manager manages the organization and resources while leader motivates and guides all
employees so that they can perform better (Jalagat Jr, 2017). Both have different role and
functions. Difference between management and leadership in UPS company are:
Leadership Management
Leadership is the process in which leader
motivates, guides and supervises all employees
so that they can give good outcomes.
Management is the process in which manager
manages the human as well as other resources
in the firm. This is important so that all people
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can perform the work efficiently and
effectively.
Leadership is the process in which leader
mainly emphasis on motivating and helps in
growth as well as development of all
employees.
In Management, manager mainly focuses on
accomplishing of the objectives and targets. So
they delegate all work and responsibilities to
all employees.
2.3 Comparison of leadership styles in different situations
Different leadership styles can be applied in various situations. Difference between
leadership styles in UPC company are. In an organisation, manager define the two major
consideration which are reflected mostly (Laszlo and Cescau, 2017). Hence, leaders need to
understand such situations properly and take appropriate and suitable steps to deal with them.
Thus, every leader will going to adopt different leadership styles to deal with various number of
situations. This get done and frame on the basis of description of leadership style as well as with
situations. Two major situation which arise at UPC are as follow:
 From past few days company facing a problem in low production unit and high employee
turnover. Thus, a high employee turnover could be a result of less satisfied associate
where low production arise due to less trained employees. Thus, leaders need to
determine such situation and adopt appropriate steps to deal with them properly.
Leadership style Description Situation
Democratic In this leadership styles in which all
employees can receive suggestions
from all employees and thus manager
can implement their decisions.
Leaders of UPC need to take
democratic style of leadership so that
employees engagement in decision
making could be done which enables
in controlling the employee turnover
and thus improves overall
productivity as well.
Laissez-faire In this style leader gives role and
responsibilities to all employees. So
they can take own decisions. It is not
an effective style.
These leaders provide role to each
and every employee, that they have to
control down employee turnover and
facilitate their engagement more.
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Thus, such leaders will clearly
support to every associate so that
their work get improved
Transactional
style
In this style leader explains all the
role and functions of employees and
motivates them so that they can
achieve objectives. Rewards are also
given to employees who performs
well.
Leader of this kind in UPC could
determine the reason behind this
rising employee turnover and then
take judgement. For this they could
provide incentive and bonus
whenever any individual get refer by
their existing employee. This support
in taking their engagement as well as
chances of better gain become
possible.
2.4 Ways to motivate staff in UPS
To motivate all staff members manager follows many ways and Maslow's hierarchy
theory (Lund, 2016). Ways in UPS are-
Maslow' hierarchy needs: This theory includes 5 steps. They are- Physiological needs: It helps in fulfilling basic needs such as water,shelter,clothing of all
employees. Safety needs: All employees are protected from danger,risks and hence they are protected.
Thus they can perform well. Belongingness and love needs: In this manager tries to maintain love and compassion
among all employees. Esteem needs: Manager gives rewards and helps in recognizing the employee by giving
them rewards which motivates all employees a lot.
 Self actualization: Lastly person realizes the potential and skills and they have feeling of
accomplishment.
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Illustration 1: Burton
(Source: Burton,2017)
Hertz-berg's 2 factor theory: In this theory manager motivates all employees through 2
factors. Hygienic factors are those factors which helps in fulfilling basic needs and do not leads
to positive satisfaction. Second is motivational factors which positively motivates all employees
through status and giving rewards.
Ways are-
Training: Leader organizes training to employees so that their skills increase and they can
perform better.
Rewards: Manager can give rewards to all employees and thus are highly motivated and
they give high outcomes.
TASK 2
3.1 Benefits of team working
Team is important so that all objectives can easily be achieved (Northcott, 2016).
Benefits of team in UPS are-
 Increases productivity: Every person in a team is effective and have knowledge as well
as the skills then they give best output. Thus it increases productivity in firm.
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 Communication: If all employees are working in a ream then all employees can easily
communicate with each other. Hence they can perform their activities with more potential
(Schmidtz, 2017).
 Learning: As employees are working in a team so hence they can share their views and
thoughts. This helps increasing the knowledge and skills of staff members.
 Increases the efficiency: As all employees are working in a team so hence it increases
efficiency and effectiveness level of al employees. Thus they can give good outcome.
 Enhances quality: All employees are working in a team so hence they can discuss their
opinions and views regarding any activity or task. Thus it improves the quality of work.
3.2 Importance of working in a team as a leader and deal with conflicts
Working in team is crucial so that there are no problems in firm. Importance of working
in team for leader in UPS firm are-
 Helps in motivating and giving guidance: Leader motivates and guides all team
members so that their energy and enthusiasm level increases and they can perform better.
Hence all staff members can give good results.
 Helps in increasing confidence: Leader properly guides and motivates all members so
thus it increases their confidence level and they can perform well in all activities. Hence
it increases the productivity of all staff members.
 Improves service quality: All employees are motivated and hence they produce
superior quality of products. Thus firm can deliver best quality of goods to customers.
Hence it increases the satisfaction level of users.
 Improves job satisfaction: Leader helps in providing extra incentives to all staff
members in a team so hence all employees are satisfied. Thus it reduces the turnover rate
in firm.
3.3 Review effectiveness of team in achieving the goals
There are many factors which firm have to follow to achieve goals. Factors in UPS are-
 Integrity and honesty: If leader is honest and ethical then only team members can be
honest and can work in an ethical manner.
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 Effective communication skills: Leader must have proper communication skills so that
they can interact with all employees (Vartiainen, 2015). It is crucial so that they can
perform better.
 Socially active: Leader needs to behave in proper and effective manner with employees.
Thus they can maintain strong relationship with employees so that all staff members can
perform well in the firm.
Active listener and speaker:
Good decision maker: Manager have to take effective and rational decision so that all
employees can perform well. It is also important so that firm can achieve the goals.
Initiative taker: Leader have to take initiative and adopts the latest opportunities so that
that effective results can be gained. They also try to reduce the risks.
4.1 Factors involved in planning the monitoring and assessment of work performance
Manager have to create plans and polices so that they can evaluate the performance of all
employees. Factors in UPS are-
Set up processes and methods: Manager have to create methods,processes so that they can
monitor the performance of all employees. It is important so that employees can improve their
performance.
Feedback: Managers have to receive feedback and suggestions from all customers so that
firm can improve their work processes and methods. Thus it results in improving
performance of firm.
Report: Reports are monitored on daily basis so that managers can evaluate the activities and
tasks in daily basis. Hence they can plans for future.
4.2 Deliver assessment for development needs of individuals
There are various ways so that company can fulfil can fulfil the needs of individuals.
Ways in UPS are-
 Company have to monitor the strengths and weakness of all employees so that they can
take corrective steps to fulfil there needs.
 Create a plan in which goals and objectives for firm are created so that there is no
confusion among all the employees (Wiedmer, 2015).
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 Manager have to deliver training and outcomes can be evaluated so that effectiveness
can be monitored and manager can give steps to improve the variations (Wilson, 2016).
4.3 Evaluate success of assessment process
There are various steps to evaluate the success of evaluation plan. Questions asked by
manager in UPS are-
 Is the assessment process clear: The goals and objective of evaluation is clear and
properly defined by managers to all employees.
 Valid and reliable methods are used by the manager so that best outcomes can be find.
 Assessment should be free from bias: Evaluation process do not contain any bias then
only desired and effective outcomes can be find.
 Assessment of objective must be clear and understandable to all employees so then only
good results can be determined.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it can be concluded that managers and leaders are crucial for
every organization. Understanding styles and impact of leadership is very important. Ways of
working effective in team. Manager assess the work and development needs of individuals so
that individuals needs can be fulfilled and firm can run smoothly and successfully.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
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case for blended learning.International Journal of Educational Management.29(3).
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Cook, P. J., 2016. Leading innovation, creativity and enterprise.Industrial and Commercial
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Dubnick, M. J. and Frederickson, H. G. eds., 2015.Accountable governance: Problems and
promises. ME Sharpe.
Evans, J. P., 2016, March. Taking the tiger by the tail: Leading effective tiger teams and working
groups on flight projects. InAerospace Conference. 2016 IEEE(pp. 1-6). IEEE.
Gibson, B., 2017.Iran: A people interrupted. Macat Library.
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World: Platforms, People, and Purpose. Rowman & Littlefield.
Hodges, J., 2016.Managing and leading people through organizational change: the theory and
practice of sustaining change through people. Kogan Page Publishers.
Hosking, A., 2015. Leading people in different countries: international waters-global
masterclass.HR Future.4(Apr 2015). pp.12-13.
Jalagat Jr, R. C., 2017. Leading and Managing People and Organizational Change: Individual
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Laszlo, C. and Cescau, P., 2017.Sustainable value: How the world's leading companies are
doing well by doing good. Routledge.
Lund, A .K., 2016. Leader legitimacy–a matter of education? Leading Highly Specialised
People–A Legitimacy Challenge.Development and Learning in Organizations: An
International Journal.30(6). pp.20-23.
Northcott, R., 2016. Leading from the front: A conversation with Peter Hughes. Public
Sector.39(3). p.18.
Schmidtz, D., 2017. Taking responsibility. In Distributive Justice (pp. 111-132). Routledge.
Vartiainen, M., 2015. Virtual spaces as workplaces: working and leading in virtual
worlds.Leadership in Spaces and Places. p.128.
Wiedmer, T., 2015. Generations do differ: Best practices in leading traditionalists, boomers, and
generations X, Y, and Z.Delta Kappa Gamma Bulletin.82(1). p.51.
Wilson, L., 2016. Closing the gap: Leading innovation in Indigenous
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Burton, N., 2012. Maslow's hierarchy need. [Online]. Available through:
<https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/hide-and-seek/201205/our-hierarchy-needs>.
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