Civil Engineering Technology

Civil engineering technology

Contents
Introduction.................................................................................................................................................3
LO1..............................................................................................................................................................4
P1.............................................................................................................................................................4
P2.............................................................................................................................................................5
P3.............................................................................................................................................................6
LO2..............................................................................................................................................................7
P4.............................................................................................................................................................7
P5.............................................................................................................................................................9
LO3............................................................................................................................................................11
P6...........................................................................................................................................................11
P7...........................................................................................................................................................12
LO4............................................................................................................................................................13
P8...........................................................................................................................................................13
P9...........................................................................................................................................................14
Conclusion.................................................................................................................................................16
References.................................................................................................................................................17
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Introduction
The construction of an industrial complex consisting of buildings and factories has to be made
to enable the industrial complex to connect directly with the international airport of London.
This complex has to be made near the highways which connect the city to the airport.
This civil engineering works requires a lots of earthworks such as excavation, landfilling,
levelling and excavation etc. the excavation may lead to various problems such as toxin gases
removal, flood, water contamination and other pollutant escape into the environment.
To support the structure there are several foundations such as shallow and deep foundations.
Culvert construction methods have also been identified and examined.
Construction work involves a lots of health hazards and environmental issues which has to be
solved properly with the help of risk assessment plan and defining safety measures. There are
still a lots of problems regarding the construction site work which has to be assessed properly
during the designing phase.
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LO1
P1
Earthwork can be defined as the work in civil engineering which involves the processing the
earth surfaces including soil and rocks. Excavation involves various types such as
1. Top soil excavation
2. Rock excavation
3. Earth excavation
According to the needs of industrial complex, a road connecting the highway and a bridge
across the stream is needed, which includes bridge excavation and road excavation.
Bridge excavation- This is used to construct a bridge by drilling the soil, it also depends upon the
type of bridge under construction such as when groundwater excavation is needed or
suspension bridge is needed to be constructed. Hence bridge excavation includes removing of
materials present in the soil or underwater in order to build the beams for bridge support. This
includes various types such as either dry rock excavation or wet rock excavation
(Designingbuildings, 2019).
Road excavation- This includes primarily drilling the topsoil in order to remove the obstacles
while constructing the roads. It is the most important step in road construction. The top soil is
removed to create an equal level of earth. This is done with the help of either a bulldozer or
grader. The soil containing obstacles is removed and filled with leveling materials
(Designingbuildings, 2019).
Equipment needed for excavation of soil fir different purposes such as levelling of soil for road
construction or for bridge construction are:
1. Hand tools such as spade, hoe, pick axe, trowel, shovel rake, mattock etc. are used for
excavating smaller areas and when the depth of excavation needed is small. These tools
can be used in digging soft soil.
2. Machinery tools such as tracked excavator, back hoe excavator, trenchers, wheeled
excavator, bulldozer, dragline excavators etc. are used when the depth of excavation
needed is large and the mechanical force is needed. These tools are used to ease the
construction work (Theconstructor, 2019).
Earthwork activities include excavation, levelling of soil, refilling the land etc.
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