Operations Management at Mark and Spencer

This assignment analyzes the operational management strategies employed by Mark and Spencer (M&S). It delves into the roles of leaders and managers within the organization, highlighting their contributions to business success. The analysis also examines the impact of external factors, such as political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal influences, on M&S's operations. Ultimately, the assignment aims to demonstrate how effective operational management contributes to achieving organizational objectives and delivering value to customers.

MANAGEMENT AND
OPERATION

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
LO 1.................................................................................................................................................1
P1 Compare roles and characteristics of leader and manager of M&S..................................1
LO 2.................................................................................................................................................3
P2 Example of role of leader and functions of manager........................................................3
P3 Theories and model of approaches within the chosen organisation..................................5
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................6
LO 3.................................................................................................................................................6
P4 Role of leaders and managers that play in the operations function of the organisation....6
P5 Values and importance of the operation management......................................................7
LO 4.................................................................................................................................................9
P6 Factors that impact on operation management and decision-making...............................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Every organisation consists various operational activities that are important for producing
products and development of resources. Further, it emphasizes on utilizing all the resources to
gain profits in the workplace (Ueda, Saito and Yamamichi, 2015). Management and operation
are helpful in generating the highest level of efficiencies through the available resources. To
obtain profits from the enterprise, report integrated with effective operational plan of Mark and
Spencer. It is the biggest retailer market in UK which provides various types of products and
services at the workplace. In order to develop knowledge of the organisation, report
demonstrates comparison of the roles and characteristics of leaders and managers within the
firm. Furthermore, it involves functions of manager which they are playing for enhance profits
and revenue. Moreover, it demonstrates importance and value of operations management to
accomplish desires outcomes.
TASK 1
LO 1
P1 Compare roles and characteristics of leader and manager of M&S
Leader possess skills and knowledge through they can lead other member of the
company. All member of the company follow direction of leader to achieve common goals and
objectives (Hildebrand, 2014). Beside this, manager of the cited firm is responsible in carrying
out the four management functions such as planning, organizing, leading and controlling. They
both are working within the enterprise for achieving profitability and smooth functioning.
However, leader and manager perceive such differences at workplace that are as follows:
Basis Leader Manager
Carry Leader makes strategies
through which they can
achieve the best results of the
company. In this aspect, they
include elements such as
direction, activities and actions
by strategies can be made
As compare to this, manager
of M&S carry functions of
management such as planning,
organisation, directing and
controlling. In these functions
they can ascertain positive
business results to demonstrate
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(Marzband, Ghadimi and
Domínguez-García, 2014).
which beneficial for
accomplish goals and
objectives.
Values Leaders determine values at
the workplace through which
they can develop market
opportunities to enhance
profits and revenue within the
business environment.
Beside this, manager of the
chosen organisation maintains
functions and operations
through business can get
effective results and
performances (Lindström,
2015).
Focus They focus on the people of
M&S which assist to carry
various benefits at workplace.
This is because; they give
direction and knowledge to
their member to accomplish
desired outcomes and profits
within the business
environment.
Apart from this, manager of
the cited firm focus on their
structure and system through
they can make positive results
at workplace. This is because,
they are frame structure and
get outcome of the enterprise
through goals and objectives
can take.
Orientation Leaders carry out their
operation by seeking the long
term view to gain high profits
and revenue within the
business environment (Dai,
Wang and Zhao, 2016.).
On the other hand, they
demonstrate short term view
which assists in gaining
competitive advantages and
outcomes within the
enterprise.
Roles Leaders of the company
increases their outcomes with
ascertain coordinating with
various people. In this aspect,
they focus on efficiencies of
However, manager determines
only order to their employee.
They are organised task and
assign right job to each person
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M&S employee which assist to
gain high profits and revenue.
(Jamaludin and Yusof, 2016).
With the help of trait theory, the cited firm can gain leaders and manager role at
workplace. In this aspect, different situations occur at workplace which demonstrate situation
and task to create better results and performances. In this way, M&S can easily concentrate in
employee participation through identifying their roles at workplace. In addition to this,
situational theory assist to make diverse workforce through the company can gain competitive
advantages (Wang, Zhou and Xu, 2015). It makes flexibility in business goals and objectives so
that leaders can achieve their targets and goals easily. With the help of effective functions and
operations, ideas and opinion also enhance which manage business results and performances.
Within the global environment, it will assist to demonstrate profitability and positive results.
Differences between role of leader and function of manager
Role of leader Function of manager
In order to accomplish the targets and goals,
leaders need to set goals and objectives.
Therefore, they play creative function to make
policies for it in M&S.
However, manager follows functions of
planning in which they mapping exactly which
need to be accomplish goals and objectives.
When they make plan, they have to increase
advertisement, inventory, sales people, etc.
Further, leaders also taking initiative actions to
accomplish organisational goals with assign
roles and responsibilities to each person
(Hildebrand, 2014).
On the other hand, in the organising function,
manager of M&S allocate proper resources to
achieve targets.
Leaders of the chosen organisation always
motivates to the employees to guide and direct
group members.
Beside this, managers also need to organise
and lead to involves, motivate, communicate,
etc. to several employees.
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LO 2
P2 Example of role of leader and functions of manager
Leaders and manager both demonstrate their participation to achieve targets of the
enterprise. In this aspect, leader plays their roles and manager actions on different functions for
the company situations (Prajwal Patel, Dutta and Gandhi, 2016). In this way, they try to follow
rules and regulation of M&S which assist to focus on enhance revenue and profits of the
company. Below are such situations in which leaders and manager perform their functions and
operations:
 Introducing of new products: In this situation, leader of the business determines their
leadership qualities through traits which assist in reconciling and integrating personal
goals. They try to maintain coordination among M&S people towards the common
purpose. Therefore, they influence to get maximum output and accomplish desires
results (Wang, Zhou and Xu, 2015). In addition to this, leaders are also integrates
personal goals for smooth functions of the enterprise Manager of the chosen enterprise
organizes the activities and actions for achieve effective managerial outcomes through
proper allocation of resources for achieving the best results and performances. It is very
clear function in which duty is relates with leader quality to enhance revenue and profits.
 Enhance market in new areas: When the cited firm increases their market, they have to
concentrate on strategies which assist to gain competitive advantages (Sechilariu, Wang
and Locment, 2013). In this situation leader have role to make profits and outcomes at
workplace which create the best results and performances. Leadership is required at each
level to make functions and operations in effective aspect. In this aspect, they frame
plans and policies at top level to regulate new functions and operations within M&S.
 Make changes at each level of the firm: Within M&S, sometimes manager have to
make changes at each level. In this way, leader of the business need are required to focus
on solicits and support each activity. They also cooperate with various people so that
goals and objectives can be ascertained (Prakash, Srinivasan and Sudheer, 2015). With
the help of various qualities such as personality, intelligence, maturity and experience,
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the firm can implement plan and programs at the workplace. It gives results with
willingness to work and effectiveness for running smooth functions.
At workplace of M&S several kinds of approaches develops in systematic way take place
which impact positively on business performances and outcomes. With the help of effective
functions, various people perceive their participation to achieve goals and objectives (Dai, Wang
and Zhao, 2016.). Therefore, employee participation is the best method through the company can
achieve better performances and positive results at workplace. It will deliver duty and
responsibilities to each person so that they are taking part to achieve goals and objectives. Beside
this, it also creates conflicts at workplace due to different personality of employee are working
within the business environment.
Different types of leadership theory take place at workplace which demonstrate impact on
the business operations and outcomes. In this way, M&S need to handle their operations and
outcomes through analysis performance at workplace. As per the view of Yari, Monjezi and
Bagherpour, (2014), trait theory assist to manage business outcomes that are important
parameters impact positive on the business and its functions as well. In this way, business
objectives and goals need to be perform effectively so that operations and outcomes can be
manage at workplace. There are various elements in this aspect, which demonstrate benefit to
people. It includes skills and knowledge which requires perform functions and operations in
effective way (Yari, Monjezi and Bagherpour, 2014).
P3 Theories and model of approaches within the chosen organisation
In order to handle different situations of company, M&S need to focus on different
theories which assist to manage business results. In this aspect, following are such theories
explained within the enterprise:
 Situational leadership theory: Situational leadership theory emphasizes on share ideas
and facilities to make decisions at workplace. In this aspect, the chosen organisation
provides specific instruction and supervision to employee performances. Leader of the
cited firm, demonstrate decisions with providing opportunities for clarification (Jang,
Lim and Lim, 2016). They are take responsibilities for implement decisions at workplace.
Thereafter, it is based on development of good ways to adopt leadership actions through
they can easily meet with needs of different situations and circumstances. Leaders of the
company based on beliefs, personality and experiences and working environment of
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M&S. Only few leaders are working with this style, because it is too difficult to
implement plan and operations at workplace. Broad approach of the leadership style
determines way in which company can follow their outcomes easily (Yari, Monjezi and
Bagherpour, 2014). However, Hildebrand, (2014) stated that leaders need to analysis the
situation and apply strategy on behalf of it. This is because, in this theory effective
leaders need to adapt style and look for the task. Therefore, nature of the group also
considered in effective aspect. This method has strength that is leaders always analysis
the situation to develop profitability at workplace. However, it also consumer more time
to make decisions in business.
 System leadership theory: This style is simple process which incredible to create
valuable information for particular products and services. In this context, organisation
follow system through such steps and it will lead to motivate people at workplace to
achieve goals and objectives (Mingzhou, Kun and Lin, 2015). This system is encourages
people to achieve their goals and objectives in systematic way. Thus, leader of M&S can
frame activities which assist to achieve common goals and objectives. In this style, leader
face challenges determine purpose and development of applications. Systematic model
are describes for management development which can shape through understand
particular organisation context. Actions are also taken same point with individual
development. Organisation development is based on leadership approach which
determines system thinking and target deserving to proper attention and needing of
business changes (Colson and Nehrir 2013). As results, it is an improvements model
which is based on understanding of the enterprise as a system which is used to improve
leadership and organisation performances. Ueda, Saito and Yamamichi, (2015) argued
that leaders must try to understand system that recognise with different system that affect
workers and system which work around them. It defines in the broad perspective to
maximise pattern and events in the business environment. In this way, leader has strength
to develop decisions according to different system in the organisation. However, it
considered different models and strategies that can be negatively impact on the results.
 Contingency leadership theory: Contingency theory deals with additional aspects of
leadership which demonstrate effectiveness of people at workplace. In this way, leader of
M&S can use Fiedler model which determines effective group that depend on proper
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match among styles of leaders. It integrates degree with subordinates in the situation to
control and influence to leader (Prakash, Srinivasan and Sudheer, 2015). In this model
three steps occur such as identification of leadership style, defining situation and match
leaders and situations. On the other hand, Dai, Wang and Zhao, (2016) stated that leaders
of the chosen organisation need to take decisions as per the situation. In this way,
appropriate actions based aspects must be taken to assess current results. This theory has
strength is that effectiveness for the people can be develop in systematic way. Because as
per the situation solution determines at workplace.
TASK 2
LO 3
P4 Role of leaders and managers that play in the operations function of the organisation.
In order to perform effective functions by leaders, they are taking action to lead different
people to achieve business make smooth functioning. Leaders are influencing with the help of
employee behaviour from the various ways (Ueda, Saito and Yamamichi, 2015). They are set
actions to make clear vision to motivate employee of M&S, guiding them through work process
and building morality. On the other hand, manager requires perform functions and operations in
a good quality through they can reinforce mission and vision of the company in systematic way.
They are also working with mission and positive results of stakeholder of the enterprise. They
can make effective communication to demonstrate effective functions and operations of the
company. In this way, they are performing targets and goals which assist to attain goals and
objectives at workplace (Wang, Zhou and Xu, 2015). Following are such roles of leaders and
manager which demonstrate effective results at workplace:
Roles of leader
 Setting clear vision: Setting clear vision influence to employee to understand and accept
future outcomes. In this aspect, this mission is commanding to employee to make good
performance at workplace. In this way, all employee work together through leaders'
guidance (Dai, Wang and Zhao, 2016.). Thus, they can easily achieve goals and
objectives of M&S. In addition to this, leaders are demonstrates vision which
encompasses to demonstrate importance of their roles at workplace. It assists to perform
duties through explaining roles in the outcomes.
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 Motivating to employees: It is another role of leader of the business in which they
perform functions and operations to motivate employee at workplace. Leaders are
identified needs and wants of their workers and giving them proper working
environment. In this aspect, leaders communicate regarding learning attitude of employee
at workplace. In this aspect, sweet treatment requires perform functions and operations at
workplace (Ueda, Saito and Yamamichi, 2015).
Roles of manager
 Leader: In order to make effective implement changes, manager need to perform
functions as good leader. They have to organise plan which use for leadership skills
which inspire employee at workplace. In this aspect, intangible skills incorporates to each
role which play by leader as well. In this context, manager of M&S use broad term to
communicating and inspiring those people who are living around us.
 Negotiator: Negotiator is similar as leader so that when the business is undergoing
changes manager requires negotiate clear and steadfastly with their competitor, supplier
and employee (Dai, Wang and Zhao, 2016). Manager need to be able their outcomes with
effective role at workplace. In this aspect, they are serves best interest within the
organisation to accomplish desires objectives and goals.
With this regard, the business need to operate their functions with different elements that
need to be take at workplace. There are various strategies which can use at workplace of M&S
that assist to enhance efficiencies and performances of leaders and manager. It will also helpful
to make sustainability of the company and impact positively on the targets positive impact on the
business. Time management strategy assist to make effective results and performances for
ascertain targets and goals at business environment. Therefore, business can achieve high profits
and revenue at workplace (Wang, Zhou and Xu, 2015).
P5 Values and importance of the operation management
Operation management involves various elements such as overseeing, designing,
controlling the process of production which demonstrate process of production and redesigning.
In this aspect, production process includes redesign through organisation can achieve their
targets and positive results easily. Operations management functions differs from activity to
actions. It is depends on purpose of the business which relate within the enterprise. In
manufacturing industry, such as operation management, factory of food products, etc. designing
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require to acquisition that assist to proper maintenance at workplace. Equipments are requires
perform functions and operations through services setting focus to insure workers participation
for accomplish goals and objectives (Wang, Zhou and Xu, 2015). At workplace of M&S, there
are various people who participate for proper maintenance of business equipments. Within the
service industry, operation management focus on trained people so that services can be given
properly. Location and equipments are very essential elements which safe to customer and
public in term of revised plan. Customer input and competitive forces are requires perform
effective functions and operations which manage outcomes of the company (Prakash, Srinivasan
and Sudheer, 2015).
Professional manager of the company able to produce strategies which fulfil roles and
objectives of the company. In respect to this, practice of operation management delivers
important outcomes at workplace which deals to manage results at workplace. It is also essential
to M&S to control the system of operations in systematic way. It deals with design,
improvements and creating positive results (Yari, Monjezi and Bagherpour, 2014). In this way,
clear vision demonstrate primary products and services which improve for ascertain positive
results and performances. Functional field of the company determines roles and responsibilities
which demonstrate for achieve goals and objectives. For material assessment of M&S, it is
important to determines results and performance. It creates positive value of products and
services which determines through ascertain business results at workplace. With the help of
operation management, well resources are categories in different element which assist to make
brand reputation in front of customer (Ueda, Saito and Yamamichi, 2015).
In addition to this, it is also assists to reduce cost from the business elements. It includes
production cost, which emphasizes on tangible and intangible resources. Within M&S it
determines roles and responsibilities which create positive impact and outcomes at workplace.
Values of the business determines various benefits to attain positive results and performances at
workplace so that manager and leader need to perform functions and operations according to
business requirement (Wang, Zhou and Xu, 2015).
In order to improve efficiencies of leaders and managers following elements can be implemented
at workplace:
Match task with ability of organisational members to increase effective results in
operation management: In order to accomplish the targets, managers and leaders need to match
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their skills among the employees. Therefore, they can maximise their efficiency in effective
aspect. For instance, creative skills of a person assists to make innovations in M&S.
Communication effectively: In this way, managers and leaders need to communicate
effectively so that productive workforce can be develop in systematic way. Technology allowed
to make contact with each other in the organisation. Therefore, efficiencies can be improve in
significant manner.
Keep clear goals and focused: In order to meet with set targets and goals, M&S need to
meet with their aim. In this way, managers and leaders need to make focus on their defined
activities and actions that taken in the targets and outcomes.
LO 4
P6 Factors that impact on operation management and decision-making
Operation management is the crucial element of every business. It includes various
activities and actions that are impacted by different factors. It determines through development
of the business operations at workplace. Within M&S these factors create major impact on the
business outcomes and operations. Thus, they can take roles and responsibilities to achieve
common goals and objectives at workplace (Yari, Monjezi and Bagherpour, 2014). Following
are such factors which generate impact on operation management and decision-making power of
leaders:
 Work process: In order to perform functions and operations within the business
environment, M&S require make proper planning to each activity. It demonstrates
various benefits that support to achieve goals and objectives (Ueda, Saito and
Yamamichi, 2015). As results, operations and plan make effective at workplace which
shows proper outcomes and performances at workplace. Efficient system and plan assist
to gain competitive advantages at workplace of cited firm. When work process going
very well it creates positive impact on the business functions. Therefore, M&S has
opportunities to increase their market share and profitability to take decisions in business.
In this way, wider community will determine effective operational management in
business.
 Employee training: When M&S arrange training program for each employee, they can
achieve goals and objectives in systematic way. In this aspect, functions of the company
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are requires proper arrangement so that goals and objectives can be assist to create
decision-making ability (Wang, Zhou and Xu, 2015). Further, it also enhances workers
efficiency and performances to achieve common goals and objectives so that the business
can develop outcomes and operations. In addition to this, task are require understand
planning system of the company which demonstrate roles and duties of people at
workplace. As results, business performance can be enhance at workplace through
assessing roles and duty of each member. In order to provide effective training, M&S has
positive impact to increase their productivity in systematic way. In this aspect, they are
able to develop their target market in successful way. In addition to this, customers of the
organisation loyal with the brand and activities of the enterprise.
 Return on investment: This factor demonstrate impact on M&S through enhance
investment procedure at workplace. In this aspect, activity and actions are requires
develop outcomes of the enterprise through spending money (Dai, Wang and Zhao,
2016). At workplace, investment procedure assist to develop profitability and results
through determines various benefits. In this way, the chosen organisation need to perform
functions and operations to get positive results and performances could be maintained.
Different opportunities are also requires perform functions and operations to determines
profitability at workplace (Prakash, Srinivasan and Sudheer, 2015). In this aspect,
investments consists important participation to develop target market in systematic way.
Therefore, return goes very high with implementing of extra money on business
operations.
When M&S perform their functions and operations in domestic and international market,
there are various elements which create impact on the business performances (Dai, Wang and
Zhao, 2016). In this way, enterprise need to focus on market factor such as political, economical,
social, technological, environmental and legal. Political factors includes fiscal and monetary
policy that demonstrate impact on the business due to changes. It creates major impact because,
at workplace it is important to determines impact of the political aspect. When the business enter
in another nation, they have requires perform functions and operations according to suitability of
the enterprise (Ueda, Saito and Yamamichi, 2015). Further, economical factor assess currency
exchange rates and inflations rates that demonstrate adverse impact on products and services of
the business.
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In addition to this, social factors are determines effective results because changes in
customer perception create impact on the company operations and results. Thus, the company
need to deliver effective performances and outcomes at workplace. Technological factor create
impact due to high demand of products and services. Thus, the cited firm need to make their
products and services at high level (Prakash, Srinivasan and Sudheer, 2015).
CONCLUSION
From the above report, it can be concluded that there are various elements in which Mark
and Spencer can manage their operations. In this aspect, they have to focus on their leader and
manager performances which assist to take part in business activities and performance.
Furthermore, it also summarized about roles of leader and functions of manager through the
company can achieve their results. Leader of the cited firm has responsibilities to encourages
their employee to get their participation and role for achieve the best results and performance.
Moreover, manager of the company require determines their responsibilities to organise task,
duty to each employee at workplace. In this aspect, they can encourage to employee to ascertain
positive results and performances. In addition to this, it articulated that operation management is
very important element which describes to create positive value and brand impact of the business
in front of customer. Thus, objectives and goals can be achieve at workplace with attract
potential customer at workplace. At last, it concluded about factors which create impact on
operation management and performance of the enterprise.
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