Glycaemia Control for Patients With Type 2 Diabetes - Diabetes Mellitus

Running Head: DIABETES MELLITUS 1
Impact of Adherence to Recommended Treatment On Glycaemia Control for Patients
with Type 2 Diabetes
Name of Student
Name of Professor
Institution Affiliation
Date

DIABETES MELLITUS 2
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes type two is one of the most common chronic disease globally. In the
year 2018, the prevalence of diabetes in the US was approximately 34.2 million,
which is 10.5% of the total population (Abdullah et al., 2019). Of these numbers, over
33 million have diabetes type two while the rest have diabetes type 1. Of the 34.2
million Americans who have diabetes, 26.8%, which is approximately 14.3 million
people, are above the age of 65 years. Every year, at least 1.6 million Americans get
diagnosed with diabetes type two. People with diabetes type two experiences excess
glucose in the blood due to failure by the body cells to absorb the glucose, which is
needed by the body to provide energy (Kauppila et al.,2019). The risk of developing
diabetes type two increases with age and also for people who are overweight. Lack of
physical exercise also contributes to increased risk of diabetes type 2. Some of the
risks associated with diabetes include increased risk of cardiovascular diseases such
as stroke and could also affect eyes, kidneys, and feet (Romakin &
Mohammadnezhad, 2019). Given the complications associated with diabetes type 2,
every person who is diagnosed with the disease must follow the treatment procedure
recommended by the doctor. This document examines the impact of adhering to the
recommended treatment on blood glucose levels.
PICOT question
A research question is a vital element of research because it outlines the factors
being investigated in the study. The PICOT framework is fundamental in designing
evidence-based nursing research. therefore, the PICOT framework is used to examine
the impact of adhering to recommended treatment on blood glucose level

DIABETES MELLITUS 3
P- Among diabetes type two patients
I-Adhering to recommended treatment
C-Not applicable
I-Improvement of blood glucose control
T-Not applicable
The PICOT research question is: Does adherence to recommended treatment help in
improving blood glucose(glycaemic) control for patients with type two diabetes?
Systematic review
The global prevalence of diabetes type two is increasing at an alarming rate.
Patients are, therefore, advised to strictly follow the recommended treatment plan to
avoid suffering from the adverse effects caused by high blood glucose levels. There
exists a wide range of interventions that are aimed towards improving glycemic
control for diabetes type 2 patients. Some of these interventions include; exercises,
healthy diet, medication, and change of lifestyle to avoid habits such as smoking and
alcohol consumption (Candler et al., 2018). Data in this systematic review was
obtained in databases such as Medline, Embase, CINAHL, IPA, PubMed,
PsychINFO, and Cochrane. The articles were published between the years 2000 and
2013. The review contains 52 studies examining the adherence to treatment
recommendations for patients with type two diabetes. The 52 studies met the
inclusion criteria, and they were assessed for research design and methods used for
measuring adherence to treatment and the impact that it has on glycaemic control. Of
the 52 studies, 14 were published between the year 2000-2009, while 38 reviews were

DIABETES MELLITUS 4
published between 2010-2013. Forty-six studies indicated that treatment adherence
significantly helped in glycaemia control.
In comparison, the results of the six other studies did not show a relationship
between adhering to medication and improved glycaemic control (Guerci et al., 2019).
From the 52 studies, the adherence to treatment plan was between 36% and 93%. The
patients who were below 60% adherence level mostly reported joint pains, and their
blood glucose levels were higher than those whose treatment adherence was above
60% (Hammad et al., 2017). The patients whose adherence was above 85% showed a
significant improvement in glycaemia control. The majority of the patients who
reported to have adhered to the treatment plan indicated that they followed the
treatment plan every day of the week. Analysis of the studies also showed that older
patients adhered to the treatment plan. Patients who had been diagnosed with diabetes
type 2 for a long duration were more likely to adhere to treatment plans. The patients
did not have any foot diseases, and their weight was within the recommended BMI.
There is no single treatment intervention that was determined to improve blood
glucose control. Adhering to two or more treatment interventions was found to
improve blood glucose control for patients with diabetes type two. The studies were
mainly conducted using Self-report correctly using the Summary of Diabetes Self-
Care Activities questionnaire. The questionnaire was used to evaluate medication
adherence, but also other methods such as interviews were used.
Describe your systematic review and include an error analysis.