Human Resource Management Practices and Studies

This assignment provides a compilation of various human resource management (HRM) practices, theories, and studies. It includes excerpts from academic journals, books, and online resources that explore HRM's role in organizational performance, employee well-being, and sustainable development. The assignment also touches on strategic HRM, international HRM, and the intersection of HRM with environmental and social issues.

Human Resource
Management

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1 Purpose and functions of HRM applicable to workforce planning and resourcing...............1
P2 Strengths and weaknesses of different approaches to recruitment and selection..................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5
P3 Benefits of HRM for employer and employee.......................................................................5
P4 Effectiveness of HRM practices............................................................................................6
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................7
P5 Importance of employee relations..........................................................................................7
P6 Key elements of employee legislation and its impact on HRM decision making.................8
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................9
P7 Application of HRM practices in work related context.........................................................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Human resource management plays essential role in each and every type of organisation
which help administration to timely attain objectives and goals. Recruitment, staffing, training
and development are various functions performed by employer. This help organisation in
ensuring that appropriate manpower is present in firm and anticipate positions which are
remaining vacant as well (Albrecht and et. al., 2015). HR manager need to provide direction and
motivation to members in according to duties assigned to them. Apart from this, they even
require to have healthy relationship with employees and timely acknowledge conflicts and issues
faced by them so that appropriate solutions can be to provided to them. Present report is based on
Cadbury, is a popular confectionery firm which have branch in various nations and United
Kingdom. This assignment specifies different human resource practices which includes
formulating policies, taking appropriate decisions and making system function in respect to laws
and regulations of government.
TASK 1
P1 Purpose and functions of HRM applicable to workforce planning and resourcing
Employer perform human resource practices in firm through which they are able to
improve capabilities and execute duties in effective way. They even need to have complete
information regarding workers skills and abilities so that tasks are distributed accordingly. This
will help management to make employees carry out activities in proper manner and make them
satisfied by job. Cadbury, which is famous confectionery company require to conduct business
operations in UK and in various countries. HR manager of enterprise is capable to build
workforce effectively and complete tasks on time (Armstrong and Taylor, 2014). Their work
includes auditing employees functionality and executing various act to improve interest of
subordinates. So, firm goals and objectives are accomplished within specified time and generate
appropriate revenue for business. Thus, these are various functions which are performed by
human resource management and they are stated beneath:
Staffing: Job analysis is conducted by employer to acknowledge role and responsibilities
of positions that are remaining vacant. They will carry out recruitment process and select
adequate candidate. Cadbury have adequate number of manpower and qualified candidates
available in firm. Superior provide duties to members in respect to their skills and abilities so
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that employees can perform tasks and deliver products and services in according to demands of
people. So, administration is able to utilise funds, material and manpower adequately.
Training and development: Manager examine outcomes and results generated by
workers to anticipate their performance level. This will help them to get information of areas and
skills which are lacking in employees (Bratton and Gold, 2017). Therefore training programmes
and organising sessions, seminars, meeting and conferences are required to be developed so as
to enhance capabilities of employees in respect to duties assigned to them. This help leader of
Cadbury to make subordinates perform tasks effectively and accomplish targets timely.
Motivation: Employer uses various internal and external components to enhance morale
of workforce and make them dedicated towards job. It is necessary that staff members are given
compensation and rewards in respect to outcomes generated by them. Apart from this, manager
even require to provide promotion, transfer and various incentives to increase morale of
employees and make them accomplish targets within specified time. This benefit Cadbury to
retain worker for longer period and also reduce absent rate.
Maintenance: Management need to take care that firms are able to utilise skilled
workforce and provide positive working environment to workers. They even require to construct
healthy relationship with employees to acknowledge issues and problems faced by them (Delery
and Roumpi, 2017). Thereby, provide them appropriate solution and make them perform tasks in
efficient manner. This help Cadbury to retain competent people and accomplish targets timely.
Purpose of HRM: These are various aims of human resource, which are as follows:
 Main goal of human resource practices includes establishing relationship with workers
and superiors of Cadbury.
 Enhance pattern of staff members functionality which directly impact on quality of
products and services delivered by firm.
 Superior needed to examine all components which are related with performance of
employees and profitability. This help them to take care manufacturing process
adequately.
 Provide positive and healthy working environment at workplace to manpower and make
them perform activities properly.
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 Employer fundamental duty is to construct balance between departments and their
managers. This help them to deliver adequate items and services in marketplace and
enhance market goodwill.
P2 Strengths and weaknesses of different approaches to recruitment and selection
In Cadbury, management is able to attain goals and objectives timely, as firm have
sufficient number of skilled workforce available. Recruitment and selection activities are
conducted by employer to fill vacant positions. This help organisation to use resources properly
and deliver items in according to taste and preference of customers. Personal interview, group
discussion and aptitude test are various activities that are conducted by HR manager to anticipate
abilities and capabilities of individuals and select appropriate candidate (Guest, 2017). This
benefit company to implement adequate tools and techniques in system and make employees
perform tasks effectively. So, members accomplish tasks timely and generate efficient outcomes
in respect to market situations. These are various tactics that are used by employers to recruit
best candidate are stated below:
Internal Approach: This is essential component which is used by management to fill
positions that are remaining vacant. Former workers, promotion, transfer and demotion are
various devices used by HR to save their efforts and time. This benefit firms to utilise existing
employees for fulfilment of top positions and motivate members (Jackson, Schulerand Jiang,
2014). So, management will be able to utilise resources efficiently and make system function in
appropriate manner. This approach will have some merits and disadvantages which required to
be taken care by executives.
Strengths Weaknesses
Administration will not require to execute
activities to communicate workforce
information about firm's environment and
system.
All members want to get promoted to higher
position, so various conflicts and issues will be
emerged between them.
HR manager will be able to utilise funds in
appropriately, as they need not require to
conduct recruitment activities.
Employees will execute tasks in according to
their knowledge and abilities. They will not
carry out activities to formulate innovative
ideas for firm.
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External Approach: This tool is used by human resource manager through which
companies add new individuals in Cadbury. Campus recruitment, professional associations and
employment agencies are various methods used by workforce head to recruit and select best
candidate; and provide them duties in according to their skills and abilities (Kramar, 2014). This
approach will benefit company to fill vacant positions and utilise resources in efficient manner.
Strengths Weaknesses
Employer will select adequate candidate and
provide duties in respect to their skills and
knowledge.
For conducting recruitment and selection
process, HR manager need to invest large
amount of cost and time.
In Cadbury, members will be able to develop
creative and innovative ideas; as new joiners
comprises distinct abilities.
Administration require to develop training
programmes which includes sessions and
seminars to train new joiners.
Recruitment, selection and staffing are various activities that are conducted by human
resource manager of each and every organisation. Apart from this, they even require to carry out
training and development programmes to improve skills and abilities of staff members. This help
administration of Cadbury to make employees perform tasks and accomplish targets timely.
Superior conduct motivational activities to increase morale of members and make them
dedicated towards duties assigned to them. Internal and external elements are examined by
management to acknowledge their influence on system functionality. This benefit executive to
utilise resources efficiently and make workers perform duties effectively.
As per Marchington and et. al. (2016), employer is able to select adequate candidate with
help of recruitment and selection processes. Internal and external approaches are used by
management to employ appropriate candidate in firm. These methods benefits head personnel of
Cadbury to recruit appropriate individuals and provide them duties in according to their skills
and abilities. So, employees will perform tasks in suitable manner and accomplish targets within
deadline. Recruitment process comprises various type of techniques that require to be used by
management; in respect to number of positions that are vacant and in according to size of
organisation. By examining strengths and weaknesses of each method and selecting efficient
tools. Thus, employer is able to choose adequate person for business and provide them
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appropriate duties. This benefit company to utilise funds, material and manpower properly;
thereby accomplish goals and objectives timely.
TASK 2
P3 Benefits of HRM for employer and employee
Human resource management and subordinates duties include conducting appropriate
business activities and deliver adequate products and services to people (Oke, 2016). Their
objectives are establishing strong consumer base, enhance market reputation and improve their
present living styles. Employer need to provide adequate reward and compensation to workforce
in respect to their performance and outcomes generated by them. This benefit Cadbury to make
staff members perform tasks effectively and accomplish targets and goals timely. So, these are
various advantages that human resource practice application in firm; have on employees and
their performance are stated beneath: Conflict Resolution: Management of Cadbury have healthy relationship with staff
members to acknowledge conflicts and issues faced by them. Thereby, provide them
appropriate solutions and keep workers dedicated towards job. Seminars, meeting and
conferences are effective tools that are used by employer to provide information to
members about targets and duties required to be performed by them. Employee Relations: Employees will perform activities properly in team, if they have
good bond with co-workers. In Cadbury, staff members are motivated and dedicated
towards duties; as administration have healthy relations with them. This benefit company
to retain competent and skilled people and reduce their absent rate.
 Training and Development: Superior analyse outcomes that are generated by workers to
anticipate their performance level. Thereby, conduct training sessions to improve skills
and abilities of members and make them perform tasks in suitable manner. This help
management to make manpower function effectively and accomplish targets within
specified time.
BENEFITS TO EMPLOYERS: Provide Surplus Welfare: Profitability of Cadbury increases, if management perform
activities effectively and will be able to make system function in appropriate manner.
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 Special Treatment: Human resource is able to motivate workforce by providing them
various facilities such as holidays, medical services and insurance. This help superior to
make employees function effectively (Paillé and et. al., 2014) .
Thus, it can be comprehended that human resources practices benefits administration to
make employees motivated and accomplish targets timely. This concept also advantage employer
to utilise funds, material and manpower in efficient manner and deliver appropriate items and
services in marketplace (Pindek, Kessler and Spector, 2017) . So, goals and objectives of firm
are attained in suitable manner.
P4 Effectiveness of HRM practices
Management need to make employees perform tasks effectively and deliver quality
products and services in respect to needs and wants of public. So, superior are able to grab
attention of large number of people and generate adequate revenue for their business. This help
Cadbury to enhance market image and compete with competitors. Human resource practices
benefits organisation to implement advancements in system. This help administration to make
control cost and use appropriate tools to eliminate extra expenses. So, this concept benefits
company to enhance capabilities of staff members and make them perform tasks appropriately.
Training & Development: Superior require to conduct sessions and seminars to improve
skills and abilities of workforce in respect to duties assigned to them. So, employees will
manufacture innovative and creative items in according to taste and preference of people. This
help administration to utilise market opportunities and make system capable to accept future
challenges appropriately.
Recruitment and Selection: It is an essential activity which is conducted by employer to
fill vacant positions and select appropriate candidate. Thereby, provide individuals duties in
respect to their skills and knowledge. This help executive of Cadbury to deliver products in
according to demands of customers, as firm have adequate number of manpower available.
Performance Assessment: Management need to examine outcomes and results generated
by employees to ascertain their functionality; on basis of standards and benchmarks provided to
them. Control charts, balance score card and key performance indicator are various tools that are
used by superior of Cadbury to analyse quality of food items manufactured by workers. This help
manager to identify requirements to establish training and development programs.
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Motivation Tools: Superior require to provide various components such as compensation,
reward, incentives, medical facilities and so on to increase morale of employees and make them
perform tasks effectively (Reiche and et. al., 2016). This help administration of Cadbury to
deliver quality food products to people, construct strong customer base and improve profitability.
Thus, human resource practices benefits management to execute programs and aid
employees in respect to duties assigned to them (Sheehan, 2014). This help them to enhance
skills and abilities of workers and make them perform tasks effectively. These are various tools
and techniques which help superior to analyse functionality of members.
 Manpower capabilities are enhanced with aid of training and development programs that
are conducted by manager.
 Provide adequate awards and rewards to workers to motivate them and make them
dedicated towards job.
Therefore, HR practices plays essential role to execute appropriate business operations in firm
and generate adequate profit. By formulating efficient strategies and make system function
effectively. So, employees will perform tasks properly and accomplish targets within specified
time.
Illustration 1: Human Resource Functions
(Source: Human Resource Practices, 2016)
TASK 3
P5 Importance of employee relations
Management uses HR practices to utilise manpower and provide them duties in according
to their skills and abilities. They even need to construct healthy relationship with staff members;
to anticipate problems and issues faced by them. Thereby, provide them adequate solution and
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make them function appropriately. Apart from this, management require to provide positive
working environment to employees and make them perform tasks effectively. This help superior
to deliver food items in respect to taste and preference of people and improve productivity and
profitability. These are various benefits that employee relations concept have on functionality of
system are stated beneath:
Early achievement of set targets: Management will be able to make staff members
perform activities and accomplish objectives properly, by providing them accurate and
appropriate information about duties assigned to them.
Ability to reduce risk: Superior require to have effective relation with workers, so that
they are able to overcome hazards and difficulties from system. This help manager to expand
business in different nations with help of strong and effective workforce.
Increase in sales: If administration have relationship with employees, then they will be
able to provide them adequate direction and make them perform tasks properly (Sparrow,
Brewster and Chung, 2016). So, quality food items are delivered by members. This benefit
superior of Cadbury to improve sales number and grab attention of large number of people
(Sheehan, 2014).
Profit maximisation: Executive of Cadbury is able to generate appropriate revenue for
business. Employee relations concept helps manager to utilise manpower properly and deliver
quality food items in marketplace. This help them to enhance market position and share.
Thus, employer is able to make workers perform tasks effectively and accomplish goals
and objectives timely. This benefit management to utilise funds, material and manpower
efficiently and deliver quality items in marketplace. So, administration of Cadbury are able to
compete with competitors and enhance companies market reputation.
P6 Key elements of employee legislation and its impact on HRM decision making
Human resource management require to make policies and strategies in according to
government laws and regulations of countries in which business operations are conducted.
Employment legislations depend upon size, scope and kind of organisation. Cadbury which is a
confectionery firm require that employer uses HR practices and make adequate decisions which
help them to make system function appropriately. These are various legislations which are
required to be considered by manager are stated beneath:
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Minimum Wages and Hours Act: This law specifies that administration should provide
appropriate working duration to employees (Marchington and et. al., 2016). They even require to
provide adequate compensation to members in respect to outcomes generated by them.
Government formulated this legislation so that every individual get sufficient salary in according
to lead an adequate living. This tactic also benefits superior to motivate workforce and retain
competent people. In Cadbury, employees are given wages in according to their capabilities and
complete business activities.
Health and Safety Act, 1970: It is necessary that workers get positive working
environment in organisation. Employer need to take care that employees get safe and secure
conditions in firm. In Cadbury, manager is able to make workers conduct tasks properly and
improve market image.
Anti Discrimination Act: This legislation is consistent of Civil Rights Act, 1964; which
specifies that management should treat every members equally. They should not discriminate
them on grounds of race, colour, religion and gender (Brewster and Hegewisch, 2017). It is
essential that employees get appropriate opportunities and duties in respect to their skills and
abilities.
Thus, it can be comprehended that employer require to formulate policies and make
system work effectively (Brewster, Mayrhofer and Morley, 2016). They even require to take care
that government legislations are not violated by organisation. This benefit superior to improve
market image and goodwill.
TASK 4
P7 Application of HRM practices in work related context
Employer need to use human resource practices and conduct system function properly.
This help management to recruit appropriate candidate and make them perform activities
effectively. For this, job specification is efficient tool used by executive to spread information to
public about positions that are remaining vacant.
Job Specification:
Job Specification
Job Details
Post: Junior Marketing Managerial
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Area of Function: Marketing
Job Aims
 Execution of marketing plan
 Frame marketing tactics
Roles & Responsibilities
 Construct firm's bond with stakeholders
 Enhance organisation's goodwill as a brand
 Establish competitive advantage
CV:
Curriculum Vitae
Name:
Contact No.:
Address:
Email:
Objectives
Competent in formulating of strategies and looking forward as a career of marketing manager,
so that this will provide benefit to company to enhance sales volume.
Qualification:
 Graduate
 MBA in Marketing
 Ph.D. In Marketing Field
Experience:
Five years experience as marketing manager in Nestle
Skills:
 Interpersonal qualities
 Good communication skills
 Leadership abilities
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Preparation of Structured Interview: Questionnaire, personality analytics and
assessment of capabilities are various methods used by employer to anticipate skills and abilities
of applicants (Cascio, 2018).
Offering of Offer Letter: Organisation's description, date of joining, working hours and
payment statement are various components that are specified by management to new joiners.
Evaluation: This is last phase of recruitment and selection process which consists
various criteria that are skills, experience, education of individual applied for job.
Thus, these are various steps undertaken by employers to fill vacant positions and take
care that organisation have adequate number of workforce available (Chelladurai and Kerwin,
2017).
CONCLUSION
As per above report, it can be concluded that human resource management plays essential
role in each and every type of organisation. Employer main responsibilities include conducting
recruitment process and employ appropriate candidate in firm. Apart from this, training and
development programmes are established by manager to improve skills and abilities of members
and make them perform duties effectively. They even require to formulate adequate policies and
strategies in respect to government laws and legislations. Thus, superior will be able to make
employees function appropriately and accomplish goal and objectives within specified time.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Albrecht, S. L. and et. al., 2015. Employee engagement, human resource management practices
and competitive advantage: An integrated approach. Journal of Organizational
Effectiveness: People and Performance. 2(1). pp.7-35.
Armstrong, M. and Taylor, S., 2014. Armstrong's handbook of human resource management
practice. Kogan Page Publishers.
Bratton, J. and Gold, J., 2017. Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave.
Brewster, C. and Hegewisch, A. eds., 2017. Policy and practice in European human resource
management: The Price Waterhouse Cranfield survey. Taylor & Francis.
Brewster, C., Mayrhofer, W. and Morley, M. eds., 2016. New challenges for European resource
management. Springer.
Cascio, W., 2018. Managing human resources. McGraw-Hill Education.
Chelladurai, P. and Kerwin, S., 2017. Human resource management in sport and recreation.
Human Kinetics.
Delery, J. E. and Roumpi, D., 2017. Strategic human resource management, human capital and
competitive advantage: is the field going in circles?. Human Resource Management
Journal. 27(1). pp.1-21.
Guest, D. E., 2017. Human resource management and employee well‐being: towards a new
analytic framework. Human Resource Management Journal. 27(1). pp.22-38.
Jackson, S. E., Schuler, R. S. and Jiang, K., 2014. An aspirational framework for strategic human
resource management. The Academy of Management Annals. 8(1). pp.1-56.
Kramar, R., 2014. Beyond strategic human resource management: is sustainable human resource
management the next approach?. The International Journal of Human Resource
Management. 25(8). pp.1069-1089.
Marchington, M. and et. al., 2016. Human resource management at work. Kogan Page
Publishers.
Oke, L., 2016. Human Resources Management. International Journal of Humanities and
Cultural Studies (IJHCS) ISSN 2356-5926. 1(4). pp.376-387.
Paillé, P. and et. al., 2014. The impact of human resource management on environmental
performance: An employee-level study. Journal of Business Ethics. 121(3). pp.451-466.
Pindek, S., Kessler, S. R. and Spector, P. E., 2017. A quantitative and qualitative review of what
meta-analyses have contributed to our understanding of human resource
management. Human Resource Management Review. 27(1). pp.26-38.
Reiche, B. S. and et. al., 2016. Readings and cases in international human resource
management. Taylor & Francis.
Sheehan, M., 2014. Human resource management and performance: Evidence from small and
medium-sized firms. International Small Business Journal. 32(5). pp.545-570.
Sparrow, P., Brewster, C. and Chung, C., 2016. Globalizing human resource management.
Routledge.
Online
Human Resource Functions. 2016. [Online] Available through: <https://www.tlnt.com/as-hr-
transforms-its-becoming-a-cool-career-choice/>
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