Management and Operations

This report explores the roles and characteristics of leaders and managers in operations management. It discusses key approaches such as business process management and the role they play in achieving business objectives. The report also examines the importance of operations management in the context of TESCO, a leading retail organization.

Management and Operations

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
LO 1 ................................................................................................................................................4
P1: Define and compare the different roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager.. .4
LO 2.................................................................................................................................................6
P2 : Examine examples of how the role of a leader and the function of a manager apply in
different situational contexts..................................................................................................6
P3: Apply different theories and models of approach, including situational leadership, systems
leadership and contingency...................................................................................................7
LO 3.................................................................................................................................................9
P4: Explain the key approaches to operations management and the role that leaders and
managers play.........................................................................................................................9
P5: Explain the importance and value of operations management in achieving business
objectives..............................................................................................................................10
LO 4...............................................................................................................................................12
P6: Business environmental factors which h affect leaders and mangers in decision making 12
CONCLUSION ...........................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................15

INTRODUCTION
Operation management is the process in which mangers and leaders mange all the
activities of the organization. Operational management is also administration of the practices in
the business which helps to create high level of the efficiency possible in the company. This is
concern with the covering labor and row material into the services and goods as efficiently as
possible to increase the profit of the company.
This report will briefly explain organizational management withing the TESCO
company. It will compare the roles and Characteristics of the manager and leader of the TESCO
and provide the example of leaders role and mangers functions in different situations. This report
will also apply the leadership theories , approaches and this will include situational leadership,
systems leadership and contingency. This report will also explain key approaches to the
operational management and role of mangers and leaders in those key approaches. This report
will provide the impotence of the operational management in the TESCO company to achieve
goals and objectives of the company. In the end this report will analyze and assess the factors
within the business environment which can impact on the operational management and decision
making process by the mangers and leaders.
Management Structure of TESCO

LO 1
P1: Define and compare the different roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager.
Leader:
Leader is the person who has inbuilt art of motivating a group of people to act toward
achieving a common goal. Person possesses the combination of personality and leadership skills
that makes others to follow them.
Manager:
The person who is responsible for supervising and motivating employees and direct them
to work in achieving common goal for organisation. It has several responsibilities like
organizing, staffing, managing, controlling and much more in the company.
Roles and Responsibilities of Leaders and Managers with differences
Leader Manager
Leader leads the group of people in achieving
the objective goal. Leader is the person who is
ideal for many people, followed by them.
He motivates them to do their work with
enthusiasm and great efforts.
The Manager is the person who manage and
control the staff of any organization. He guides
the people and organize them in such a way so
that they can do their work smoothly in the
organization.
The leader posses such characteristics like he is
a good communicator, motivates other people,
honest for the organization, he thinks in
innovative way, empower the people toward
their goal. Leader is extra ordinary person, who
has followers, and the people should listen
him. He does the task with self-confidence.
The Manager posses qualities like leadership in
order to be a good manager, he leads the staff,
with using his experience, management of the
staff, gain knowledge to apply for achieving
the goal, manages the timing, communicate
properly, intelligent, he has problem solving
skills.
The Leader has many roles and responsibilities
at the workplace, first of all he needs to lead
The Manager has managerial skills, like he
plays many roles and responsibilities in the

the people in the organization. Leadership is
needed at every level of the organization, at the
top management level of the organization, the
leader has to plan and elevates the operational
management to go according to the
managements decisions, In the executive level
the leader is also needed to manage and give
direction to accomplish the work. At lower
levels the leader of workers and employees
have to inspire them with good motivational
speeches. Leader supports the people and
consider their mutual decisions. Leader
integrates and reconcile the goals of the
employees and organization and make them
work together. So that the employees and
organization can achieve their goal
simultaneously. As the representative of the
workers in the organization he plays many
responsibilities towards them like he has to
manage the work load, staff strength, motivates
the employees when they feel low, understand
their problems, take stand for them.
(Gupta, Kulkarni, and Khatri, 2018)
organization. Manager has to manage the
resources properly and in right way. Manager
have to do planning for the company, plan to
increase the sales, plan to achieve the target,
plan to analyze the market, plan for betterment
of the company. Manager organizes the staff in
such a way so that the work distribution is
equal and assignment of the work to the
employees according to their capability. Hiring
the staff, choosing the eligible candidate for the
work, and position, who justifies the position,
so the Manager has to pay more attention in
choosing the staff. The Manager always gives
the right direction to their employees to work
in the particular way and accomplish the work
within the deadlines, directions given to
employees leads to the proper work
management for the company and manager
have the control over the working of the
employees so that the task would not suffer
because he has to answer the senior authorities.
Controlling the work criteria, workers, and
achieving the targets on time handled by the
manager. Except these, Manager have to be
spokesperson, liaison, entrepreneur,
figurehead.
Tesco works with the leaders mutual
understanding and Tesco's philosophy about
the leadership is that they treat all the
employees of the company as same and equal.
They respect every employee. As leadership is
Tesco works in this way that every employee
of the company has their own place in the
company. The Manager in Tesco needs to set
the targets and follows the appropriate
approach in achieving the target. Manager has

required at each and every level of the
management . In Tesco leaders are required to
influence and motivates the employees in the
organization.
to decide the strategies to be followed(Rivas,
and et.al., 2015).
LO 2
P2 : Examine examples of how the role of a leader and the function of a manager apply in
different situational contexts.
As Tesco is leading organization after Walmart in retail industry as it provides groceries
and it is huge chain of supermarkets in UK. As the Tesco has the subsidiaries like Tesco mobile,
Tesco bank, Tesco Ireland and many more. It spreads its business chain all over the world with
the help and support of their employees. The Management Team of Tesco is very responsive and
object oriented in every field. The employees of the Tesco are very dedicated for their tasks, and
they apply their full support and efforts towards their work to achieve the goals.
For example the Tesco open the Bakery so it hired the manager to manage the bakery
and launch a wide range of products in bakery. Bakery store is managed by the manager Berian,
he has the duties to maintain the quality of the products in the bakery and the right product is
delivered to their customers. The products would be placed on the shelves by 8.00a.m. The
manager role tries to solve the problem, like its not possible that productivity on the same time
would be done, so he manages the staff members break time so the productivity does not get
suffered. That's how the manager plays the role in organizing the team. The staffing was proper.
The control over the employees is perfect. Then comes to the leader's role, The Leader's role-
leader of the worker at Tesco's bakery store was very sensible and the worker would rely on him,
leading the strategy given by the manager to him, he directed the workers in such approach that
nobody have any issues. The Leader motivates them and manage the balance between the
working guidelines and the employees. Tesco always work with team building and properly
handled the team by the managers and the leaders lead the employees(Dewydar, W., 2015).
Next example that the Tesco has many Departmental store, One of his Store manager,
who is also a leader for the 300 employees in 20 Departmental stores of Tesco, the Stephen
(Manager's role) has the brilliant managerial skills to manage the products in the stores, he
also manages the man power of the different stores at same time, he gives directions to the

manager of the particular stores, he gives targets to them. At the Same time he becomes the
Leader role- as if anything went wrong in the stores anywhere, and he took the charge and work
in the direction, he leads the employees, he plans the next step to be taken and forward the
direction to accomplish, took the meetings of the employees, it provides support the employees
mentally, satisfies their needs, take decisions with mutual understanding.
Growth in sales, Tesco always works in direction to enhance the sales and productivity
so it gets the profits in the business, they appoint several Managers and Leaders in the
management for different stores and supermarkets. The Manager role, it gives guidelines to
achieve the targets for the company. The planning to growth in sales they prepare plans and
organize the teams in such a way so that they can achieve the targets. For betterment of the
company they also find new approaches to grow their business, took suggestions from the
employees, and they also find the ways to satisfy the customers need. Now the leader comes in
the role, As Tesco said they really appreciate the work of employees and the need of leader at
every level of organization is necessary in execution of the plan and give direction to prepare the
plan to the managers. Leader manages the employees in effective way like they empower the
strength, they inspire them to think in unique way. All these things help the company to achieve
their goals(Noe, and et.al., 2017).
P3: Apply different theories and models of approach, including situational leadership, systems
leadership and contingency.
As the Leadership is important in every organization for the working properly. They
follow some theories and models in approach to leadership, the organization applies different
theories according to the demand in organization. As discussed below
As per the view of Muller and Turner, (2017) the Situational leadership theory is all
about the employees working in the organization and the behavior of the organization towards
their workers and employees. It is like cycle that what the organization gives to their employees,
the employees will work like this and produce the results. The performance of the everyone is
analysed and the leadership is done according to the situation in the organization. The leader will
handle the employees and the bosses according to the situation and work for both, the employees
rights would be maintained and the work of organization would not suffer. Tesco uses this theory
according to the situation in the organization and make the planning and work accordingly, they

are very sensible to evaluate the situation, and they work in the direction to handle the situation
and take appropriate decisions and action would be taken for the goodness of the company.
On the other hand as noted by Holt, Hall and Gilley, (2018) system theory includes
various factors about the system in which the organization is working and the system that
consider various things to be undertaken including the type and temporal scale of the
organization, they analyse the systems working criteria. This theory includes the working
strategies in active and passive modes. They also consider the organization's working in
accordance of workplace policies or not. This is basically about the organization's conceptual and
conventional strategies which gives the profit to the company and maintain their value in the
market. In Tesco the employees are working in systematic way, and they are motivated towards
their work, they follow the guidelines and accept the rules and regulation at the workplace to be
followed and it gives the results in the productivity, which leads the company for the profits. The
leader inspires the employees to work efficiently and comfortably so that the employee would be
happy to work in the Tesco, and it would the expansion of the business all over the world.
As illustrated by Reid and Sanders, (2019) contingency theory is about the decision-
making process by the organization and it is influenced by the leaders for the decision taken by
the top managerial authorities. It leads to unsatisfactory results as if the employees are not
satisfied with the decisions taken by the seniors, so they approach their leaders to fight against
the decision taken and make some appropriate changes in the decision. The leadership in this
context comes in a very positive way, that they should take stand for their employees and
influence the upper authorities or management to change their decision or find some alternative
for that. The Tesco works with this theory as they really like the way their employees would
give their opinion about the decision taken by their upper authorities, and they consider their
views and points regarding the decision taken by them and still promise to their leaders as they
make new work plans and decision which is suitable for everyone. It impacts in the output of the
productivity of the company. As if their employees are not satisfied with their decision they will
not work properly.

LO 3
P4: Explain the key approaches to operations management and the role that leaders and managers
play.
Operations Management is the backbone for every organization to work in right way.
They should follow the guidelines and maintains the workflow. The key approaches to
operations management are as follows
The Business process management (BPM) in which the business works in the
systematic way and follows the steps to accomplish the task, it is very necessary to be followed
in the organization. It includes the analysis, improvement, and automate processes. As it contains
some steps like design, modelling, analysis, monitoring, improving or automating. The
Companies have their own processes, in which they work. Designing refers to the process, what
the process is followed, where it starts and where it ends. Modelling of the process is to model
the design or plan. Then analysis is recognized because without any analysis, nothing is workout.
Monitoring the process, so that the process is working properly or not. Improving the process, if
anything is not working in right way, so they should try the alternative and improve in the
working plans. Tesco should follow the BPM so that they work in the direction of increasing the
productivity. As the Managers of Tesco should plan the things and analyse the impacts on
internal and external environment. The Manager should follow the process of the execution of
the task. They have to prepare the model for the new plan and gives direction to the executive
level managers to accommodate the task's guidelines, as the work in progress they should
monitor over the work and find out the results. If it needs to improve the methods of the working
style, it should consider with their pros and cons. The leader comes in roles like in top
management they give the direction to the managers to plan the working strategy and make
decision according to the requirement. Next at the executive and lower levels the leaders need to
lead the employees, clear the confusion of the employees, supporting their work, inspire them,
and motivates time to time (Reid, R.D. and Sanders, N.R., 2019).
Another approach to operations management, The Business Process Re engineering
(BPR), The BPR is beneficial, when the productivity goes low, they should analyse the facts that
why it goes down and try another approach and take the decision to change the strategy of work.
The Tesco always try something new to increase the productivity and launch new business ideas.

The managers of Tesco have the reports of the sales, productivity, etc. So they make changes in
the present plans and help to increase the profits and leaders help the organization to make sure
that employees will agree with new strategies and planning of the work. They make balance
between the employees mindset and upper authorities.
Supply Chain Management (SCM) is very necessary part of the organization's
working, it is a continuous process for the company. The demand and supply chain is maintained
between the market and the company, the company produce and supply according to the need of
the market, so it keeps a balance. If anything is goes slow in the chain it would lower the sales.
Tesco keeps maintaining the SCM according to the demand and supply of their products in the
market. The managers of Tesco's different store keep the record of the products, as they get
shortage they inform the upper authorities, so now the leader leads the employee in such a way
as there is no product supply they would convince the customer to take the alternative for them.
Leader keep track of the employees work and gives report to the managers. Also, they motivate
the employees when there is recession period. So the employee's morale should not let down
(Parisio, Rikos, and Glielmo, 2016).
P5: Explain the importance and value of operations management in achieving business
objectives.
As discussed above about the different approaches of operations management, now
comes to the importance and value of the operations management in achieving business
objectives. The Business Process Management (BPM), The Business Process Re-engineering
(BPM), The Six Sigma's, The Supply Chain Management all these key approaches of the
operations management helps the business to achieve the objectives. As BPM helps to develop
new strategy for the work and the new ideas to be considered, this leads to the growth of the
company when executed properly. From starting to the end the design, model, analysis, monitor
and improvement in the process is done by the management team, as they include the managers
of all the departments and share the reports with them, They make analysis on the basis of the
reports which is gathered from many facts and figures. This will help the company to take the
mutual decision for the betterment of the company. Then the BPR comes in the role, if the BPM
failed to produce the output according to their expectations, so the company re-engineer the

process, find some alternatives which may workout and find out the conclusion whether to
implement the alternative or not. They can reverse the process they applied it goes wrong (Noe,
and et.al., 2017).
The Six Sigma's is the process which focuses on the manufacturing process, its main aim
is to minimize the defect rates. It works on design, measure, improve, analyse, control, it's all
about the manufacture process. The manufacturing issues, consider, measure the performance,
improve the quality, analyse the issues, Control over the production as they get the high
productivity in less investment. As the Six Sigma is really effective approach for the
organization because it is the main unit of the organization, it simulates the manufacturing of the
company, it increases the output and it can resolve the issues at very primary stages. So it cure
the company from big losses.
The Supply Chain Management is main in the organization to work the organisation
properly. The demand of the products in the market and manufacturing of the products and
supply them on time is necessary. The SCM is valued in every organization because it takes care
of the sales, production, manufacturing, etc. The rotation of every unit keep in track and the
organization would take appropriate decisions after analysis of the performance and growth
(Nakamura, and et.al., 2015).
Tesco follows these main approaches in operations management as they share a big part
in the retail industry, and the retail industry always works on operations behalf. The Operations
management of Tesco performs different operations in the related units of the organization, The
Six sigma helps the Tesco company to control the manufacturing, and keep identifying the new
pattern, so they can increase the productivity at low cost, this leads to the profit sharing for the
company. The SCM helps to know the Tesco the demand and supply of the products and
maintain the chain, so that they get more sales growth and customer satisfaction. Tesco recognize
the BPM process and BPR process for the betterment of the company, they analyse what goes
wrong and what is the issue so that they could introduce new business idea and work on them to
increase the productivity. It helps the Tesco to higher their revenues, and they set new goals be
achieved. Because all the processes in the organization is cyclic so that they have to generate the
high revenue.

LO 4
P6: Business environmental factors which affect leaders and mangers in decision-making.
There are some external business environmental factors which affect the mangers and
leaders in decision-making process and those factors can create problem for the leaders and
mangers in decision-making (Heizer, Render and Munson., 2016). Factors such as Political
factors, Macro Economical factors, Technological Factors, social and Micro Economical factors.
Political factors
Political factors affect the decision-making of leaders and mangers when government
includes new policies, rules and regulation, tariff , trading etc (Neelakandan and et.al., 2019).
Which is important for the TESCO to follow, this can affect the decision-making of the superiors
because they have to take make new strategies for the organization because it can affect the
profitability of the organization. There is no control on the political factors so leader have to
make proper strategies for political factors .
Macro Environmental factors
Micro Economical factors are the factors which affect on the entire Country's economy
not only the TESCO company. Factors like Interest rates curacy, exchange rate etc. For
Example- If employment rate of the county will increase then TESCO company have to pay
more to the labor in their organization and it will affect on the leader and mangers decision
making because they have to bring chip labor from the other country so they can save some
amount of money. But will take to much of time and they have to provide basic needs of the
employees like Food, water and home (Akalin Huang and Willems., 2016). Leaders and
mangers have to take decision for this problem.
Micro economical factors
Micro environmental factors always affect the business because market size , demand of
the product and new competitors always change in the market so it can affect the profitability of
the TESCO (Shevchenko and et.al., 2018). When new trends come in the market then it is
important for manager and leaders to develop new product strategies which can help to satisfy
demand of the customers. First they have to analysis the demand of the customers and according
to demand they have to take decision on their product. One of the most important objectives of
the organization is to provide satisfaction to their customers. Market competitors are increasing
day by day and it important for superiors of the company to take decision which can help

company to gain competitive advantages. They have to minimize waste from the product so
customer can get better quality product with low price range, product should have all the
qualities and design which can satisfy customers demand.
Social factors
It is important for superiors of the TESCO company to make Good relation with the
society because this can affect directly on business. Social factors also include social
environment like change in the fashion, environmental movement and customers performance
(Ferguson and et.al., 2016). Change in Fashion have huge impact on the mangers and leaders
Decision making. In those situation superiors leaders and mangers have to implement new
fashion in the company, and they also have to make new strategies in the decision-making
process. Change in Fashion can impact on their work as well because they have to give more
time to implement those new fashion trends, and they have to take decision related to the change
in the environment. Most of the time this change occur during the seasonal change, during the
winter they have ti bring winter clothes and in summer-time they have to implement summer
clothes.
Technological Factor
Technology helps every business to take high growth and organizations can increase their
production by using new technologies, but change in technology can impact on the decision-
making of the leaders and mangers because technology helps company to gain competitive
advantages in the market (Karlsson., 2016). But with the new technology leaders and mangers
have to make budget and this can take time to implement new technology. After the
implementation of the technology leaders and mangers have to give training to the employees of
the company and make them understand new task. They have to take new decision for new
technology.
CONCLUSION
As per the above report has been analyzed the impotence of operational management in
the TESCO company. This report has been compare between the mangers and leaders and also
cover the role and function of superiors in the different organizational situations. It has been
cover the situational leadership, system leadership and contingency theories for the effective

leadership. This report has been provided key approaches theories for the organizational
management. This report has been concluded value and impotence of the management and
operation the company to achieve business goals. IN the end of this report has been provided the
factors in the business environment that can impact on the decision-making for the superiors of
the TESCO.

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