Importance of Manager and Leaders in Retail Store

The report highlights the crucial role of managers and leaders in operational departments, ensuring effective store operations and achieving predetermined goals. It also touches on key functions of operation management, including planning, managing, designing, and coordinating. The assignment discusses various references related to project management, climate risk management, pipeline integrity management, smart grid operation, and more.

Management
And
Operations

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1 Define and compare various characteristic and role of leaders as well as manager..............1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................3
P2 Role of leaders and function of manager that apply in different situations...........................3
P3 Various theories of leadership...............................................................................................4
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................5
P4 Approaches of operations management and role of manager as well as leaders...................5
P5 Importance and value of operations management for achieving firm objectives..................7
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................9
P6 Factor that affect operational management and its decision-making process........................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Operation management has provide direction to organisation business practices in order
to build high level of efficiency with in a work place. Administration of the company has
develop strategies and plan in order to run entire business activities effectively. Through this,
firm are capable to achieve goals as well as objectives in limited period of time. In this report
select Marks & Spencer. It is a British international retail store established in the year of 1884 by
Sir Michael marks and Thomas Spence. In Marks & Spencer approx 84,939 person are working
and earn £ 10.622 billion revenue in the year 2017 (Bahmani-Firouzi and Azizipanah-
Abarghooee, 2014). In this assignment cover several role and characteristics of leaders as well
as manager. Also includes various leadership theories like situational, systems, contingency and
key approaches to operations management as well as role of manager, leaders play at work place.
In given report covers relationship between management and leadership with an work place.
TASK 1
P1 Define and compare various characteristic and role of leaders as well as manager
Operation management has make planning, supervising working process, organising
business activities etc. in order meet predetermine goals and get positive outcome. Both leaders
and managers has different role and responsibilities at work place so that it is very important for
an organisation to provide them separate power and training of work thus help them to enhance
all staff members performance in long run (DeAnna and et. al., 2010).
Leader: Leader is a person those have power, skills to provide direction, persuading
individuals toward firm objectives, vision etc. They have capabilities to influenced other people
behavioural through effective communication skills resulted all team members has follow their
direction to achieve target in given time frame.
Characteristic of Leader: Honest: Leader should be a honest in their nature so that they are share information with
team members and all employees has feel motivated because leader provide them right
feedback. Flexible: They mush be flexible in their work as well as attitude so that leaders are easily
adjust with new environment as well as team members. It help them to adopt new
technology at work place resulted completed task effectively.
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 Optimistic: Leadership style which are optimistic in their nature so that capable to seek to
positive path for completing task with several stress and difficulties. Leaders mostly
optimistic when they handing entire team members (Eyal and Haim, 2014).
Role of leader Creative and innovative: Leaders are creative as well as innovative in their nature so that
they are provide direction to team members how to complete work effectively with
innovative idea of working. Plan and Direct: They are make plan to achieve common target of team and provide
direction to all members completing business activities appropriately. Align and organise: It is a manager responsibilities to develop plan and leaders are
implemented that plan among employees in order to reach the criteria of aim of the
Marks & Spencer.
Manager: It can be define as person those are liable for designing role, responsibilities of
all employees, make planning to complete work, provide direction of workers how to achieve
target, managing individuals and many other. Through this, firm are able to operate whole
business activities effectively in long run.
Characteristic of manager Goal oriented: Managers are always focus toward their goals and develop strategies to
achieve it in given time frame. Persuasive: They are often more persuasive as compare to leaders and give direction to
leader in order to meet objectives in limited period of time (Hammill and Tanner, 2011). Multidimensional procedures: Manager have versatile personality so that they
completing work in different segment.
 Patience: It is a most important personality traits of manager that they are more patient
when controlling, monitoring staff members.
Difference between manager and leader:
Leaders Manager
Leader help management in implementation of
strategies as well as plan at work place.
Manager has utilise all resources effectively to
run operational activities effectively.
They are participating in policies making for They are prepare policies and regulation to
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all employees. completing work on time.
They are inspire all staff members to achieve
target in limited period of time.
They are coordinating with all labours at work
place (Heizer and Barry, 2013).
TASK 2
P2 Role of leaders and function of manager that apply in different situations
At work place there are several different type of work has been done in several
department. Each one division has their own manager and under them leaders are working to
achieve organisation goals and objectives. In organisation structure hierarchy leaders has came
just after manager and they are directing interact with employees. So that, in different situation
manager as well as leaders have various different roles some are explain as follows: Planning and controlling: In this situation, manager and leaders has both are working
differently. Manager of Marks & Spencer has develop planning related to work for
example how flour staff has deliver services to clients. For this, manager make full
process of delivery services and control overall employees to implemented plan
effectively (Lind, 2013). Leaders has provide direction to workers how they follow
managers rule at work place through this firm are able to achieve goals in limited time
period. Leader has make make plan but only for their team as well as target achievement. Organising and structuring: In organisation structure several different step are covers
and each one stage their own role and responsibilities toward firm. For example, human
resources of Marks & Spencer has organise training program for employees in order to
enhance their capabilities as well as productivity through this labour of operations
department has able to produce high quality product and services resulted rise customer's
satisfaction in long run. Management of the company has structuring all business
activities effectively so that managers know that what kind of work has competed and
which type of individual has required to completing that task effectively. In given
situation firm want to organise all operational function effectively for this they restructure
company hierarchy chart through this operating task appropriately. Commanding or Leading and socialising: Manager has take command if entire work
and department in which they use their power to give direction to leaders as well as other
employees. Leaders leads team and develop strong positive relations with all team
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members through socialising activities (López and et. al., 2015). It help them to
influenced their behaviour toward company and attend common objectives in given time.
Manager of Marks & Spencer has commanding on individual at retail store in order to
achieve goals and objectives in limited period of time. It is a leaders responsibilities to
make healthy relationship through socialising with all team members in order to satisfy
them about their job and enhance productivity resulted workers has completing work
effectively and produce high quality product and services.
 Controlling and Conceptualize: Management concept applied by manager at work place
in order to control all labour appropriately. Leaders has also control their team members
behaviour, attitude etc. and motivated them time to time (Mendis, Muttaqi and Perera,
2014). For example, Marks & Spencer has observe all staff members work in order to get
desire outcome in given time frame. Leaders role in given situation is functioning various
working process with implementing and stimulating direction of managers.
P3 Various theories of leadership
Marks & Spencer has run their business activities in retail sector and here they offer men
as well as women clothes and accessories. Management of the company has conducting market
research to identify buyer needs, demand, future trends, motivation factor and many other and
communicate it with operation department. Through this, operational team manage whole store
accordingly they purchasing product like designer clothes etc. and sell it through Marks &
Spencer retail store. It help them to satisfy buyer's demand appropriately and get high customer's
satisfaction. Leaders of operation department has manager their own team and provide them
direction to complete work in a particular manner. For this, they needed some leadership style
which are explain as follows:
Situational leadership style: This theory was given by Paul Hersey and Kenneth
Blanchard in the year of 1969. Situational leadership style theory says, it is important for leaders
to analysis current condition they have take right decision. It is widely used leadership style in
which leader has power to take decision according to situations in order to achieve goals in given
time frame (Mohammadi and et. al., 2013). Leaders of Marks & Spencer is understanding
different situations and modify it according to their own thought in order to manage all team
members.
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 Advantage: Situational leadership style has very helpful for save time of making
strategies, resources which are used in implementation of plan and reduce leaders effort. Disadvantage: It is not necessary that leaders decision are right according to situations
some time they are not able to recognise given condition issues resulted firm are not able
to run business activities effectively.
System theory: This theory was introduce by Ludwid Von Bertalanffy in the year of
1954. accordingly to system model, principles as well as regulation of the company help them to
deal with different situation effectively (Nakayama and Bucks, 2012). For example, they are
implementing all legislation at Marks & Spencer and manager has played various role like
coordinating, leading, controlling, planning and many more thus help in execution of laws. The
concept has assist in managing entire work place in a discipline manner and achieving goals as
well as long run success with out any barriers. Advantage: Implementation of law and policies at work place help organisation to
operate whole business activities systematically and attend target appropriately. Disadvantage: Legislation has create restriction of working process in which leaders can
not able to work according to their own plan, its obligation for them to follow
management guideline of working process.
Contingency model: Contingency theory are introduce by Lawrence and Lorsch in the
year of 1967. according to this model, there are no certain way to completing task or solve given
problem so that it is a leaders responsibilities identify optimal activities which are contingent in
their nature. That should directly effected leadership style and its application as per given
condition. Advantage: It help to select right path of completing work because they know nothing is
wrong.
 Disadvantage: On one direction has provided to completing task effectively resulted
leaders are fail to achieve target in given time (Neck and Manz, 2010).
TASK 3
P4 Approaches of operations management and role of manager as well as leaders
Operations management can be define as controlling and maintaining working process
with in an organisation in which several kind of activities should be done like executed,
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controlled, designing, operating, planing and many other. These all task help Marks and Spencer
to run whole business duties effectively and they are achieve goals. It is very essential aspect in
which management of Marks and Spencer has adopt various approaches that detail as follows: Just in time: It is very important for an organisation to run whole business activities
appropriately. For this, they are focus on operational task and implemented just in time
approach in order to avoid duplication of inventory or unavailability of raw materiel as
well as other resources (Pinkerton, 2011). It is a operations manager responsibilities to
order inventory when it needed in this add travelling time. Through this, they get product
on time and reduce handling cost of merchandise. It help to increase efficiency and
decrement in waste resulted receiving product only when they needed in their
manufacturing process. Management of Marks and Spencer has used just in time
approach to manage their operational work in which they control inventory of clothes,
accessories at their retail store. Total quality management: Total quality management is a widely used approach of
operations activities in which company has focus not only product quality but also
consider all process through that production has been done. So that, Management of
Marks and Spencer has use this method to deliver high quality services to their clients
resulted number of footfall increases and get high market share. Benefits of TQM is
manage all operational work according to their requirement. Six sigma: In this approach, firm implemented six sigma strategies at their work place in
order to separate defective product from all production. This methodologies are
applicable for all kind of organisation whether it is manufacturing, retailing etc. Marks
and Spencer has also implemented this action of plan at their store so that they able to get
high customer's satisfaction in long run (Mendis, Muttaqi and Perera, 2014). Through
this, Marks and Spencer has optimised activities resulted avoid defects from product as
well as services. It help enterprises to produce high quality goods and services to clients
and get higher customer's satisfaction in long run.
 Lean production: According to this model, enterprises have capable to reduce waste with
out sacrificing productivity of employees as well as quality of product. Production unit
used this approach in order to produce high quality product and services at economic cost
resulted they achieve core competences as compare to their competitors at market place.
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Through this, firm get higher customer's satisfaction and market share. Benefits of lean
production is a run entire business task effectively with compromising with quality
performance.
Manager and leaders has vital role in operational department which are directly affect
organisation function positively as well as negatively (López and et. al., 2015). Some role of
both manager and leaders in operation division are explain as follows: Formulation of policies: Manager of Marks and Spencer is formulating several policies,
regulation in order to completing task effectively in long run. So that, it is firm
responsibilities to analysis issues at work place by observing employees performance
through this they find out gap between actual as well as desire performance. After
analysing gap, manager has develop action of plan to full fill these gap effectively and
enhance productivity as well as performance of all staff members. Planning: Several type of enterprise plan and strategies has been formulated by company
manager because they have good knowledge about marketing accordingly provide
guidance to operational manager to produce goods with some certain features. Through
this, they are able to satisfy customers effectively and attend target in limited period of
time.
 Decision making: Leader of operational team has provide direction of all members in
order achieve goals. They have right to take decision according to situation and manage
entire team appropriately. Few key manager those are working in Marks and Spencer
undertaking agreement in order to hand given condition appropriately through all staff
members (Lind, 2013). Any decision like situational leadership style, six sigma etc.
needed manager as well as leaders for implementation process.
Hence, Marks and Spencer has used situational leadership style, juts in time model and
six sigma at their work place through this they are reduce waste and enhance quality of services.
These approaches has manage and implemented by manager as well as leaders thus help them to
attract large number of person toward their firm product and services.
P5 Importance and value of operations management for achieving firm objectives
Operation management is help organisation to produce product by systematic manner
through this they easily run operations task. It is beneficial for both with in a department as well
as others like human resources, marketing, production, finance, research and development etc.
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resulted Marks and Spencer has easily operate entire business activities and achieve objectives in
limited time period. Some importance of operations management are explain as follows: Increase quality of product and services: By implementing proper operational
management techniques, firm are able to produce high quality product and services and
get high profit margin (Heizer and Barry, 2013). Both tangible as well as intangible
assents used effectively so that overall cost of manufacture or services delivery should be
reduced and enterprises get high market share. Optimum utilisation of available resources: Both tangible as well as intangible resources
are very important inventory for manufacturing unit. Strong and right operational
management strategies has help them to optimise utilisation of resources so that they are
able to save money and assets as well. It is manager role to keep focus on production
work so as to ensure full utilisation of resources. Reduce waste: Operational management want to focus on waste management approaches
like lean production etc. Through this, firm are able to reduce waste and increase
profitability in long run. Management of Marks and Spencer has implemented total
quality management approach through this they are able to decrease waste from their
retail store. Increased performance: All four characteristics of performance like quality,
dependability, flexibility, speed are directly affected to operation manager. Operational
management has focus on increasing performance of all staff members and make sure
that no other individual has negatively affected (Hammill and Tanner, 2011). Capacity
management, inventory, logistics etc. are included to boost overall performance.
 Healthy relations: Manager as well as leaders both are focus on developing healthy
relationship among staff members and between management and employees. Through
this, Marks and Spencer are capable to motivate their workers resulted enhance
productivity as well as performance in long run. Operational management help company
to established strong communication network at work place resulted healthy relations has
develop.
Value of operational management in other department are detail as follows: Inventory management: It is one of most important work of operations management in
which Marks and Spencer has used just in time strategies in order to manage all
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inventory related to each one section like men clothes, women clothes, accessories, kind
dress and many other. Capability management: It can be define as management limit where they can not go
beyond it. It is very important for an organisation to rise administration capabilities on
time to time basis through this they are able to achieve goals and objectives in limited
period of time (Eyal and Haim, 2014). They consist production, office space, workers,
raw material, technology, inventory, equipment and many more.
 Supply chain management: Supply chain configure all economic process which build
some controlling, monitoring, managing entire operational practices which are organised
by Marks and Spencer.
So that, Marks and Spencer manager has controlled and manage all operational activities
resulted get several benefits in long run so that they are able to achieve goals and objectives in an
effective manner in given time frame.
TASK 4
P6 Factor that affect operational management and its decision-making process
There are several kind of internal and external factor are available which are directly
affect operational management activities. Some are technological, political, economical, legal,
government, employees, suppliers, vendors, administration and many more. It is a enterprises
responsibilities to reduce these elements negative impact on their performance in long run. Some
factor that affect operational management are explain as follows: Sustainability: It is important factor that affect operational management decision because
it one organisation wants long term sustainability at market place so that operations
department has produce product and services at minimum cost by full utilisation of
available resources through this firm able to achieve goals and objectives effectively
(DeAnna and et. al., 2010). Manager of Marks and Spencer has focus on managing
sustainability for long run. It is a fundamental of management where resources are opted
in proper manner. Stakeholder: Stakeholder is a person those are directly as well as indirectly relate with
organisation like shareholder, vendors, supplier, employees, government and many
others. They are able to influence operational management decision-making process. It is
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fundamental for employees of Marks and Spencer who wants to take decision by own by
considering with others. So that they are able to achieve their target in given time frame
effectively. CSR (Corporate social responsibilities): Each one enterprises in United kingdom has
spend some amount of money through corporate social responsibilities. It directly affect
operational process because money has been drown from profits and firm are able to
build positive brand image in their clients mind. Through this, enterprise focus on
operations work in order to manage them in less amount effectively so that Marks and
Spencer has develop strategies to operate business task appropriately in minimum
resources.
 Intrapreneurship: Entrepreneur is a person those are highly creative and innovative
thinker. They have take risk and solve issues with in a work place in order to get target.
Manager of Marks and Spencer has concentrated toward their goals and undertaking
decisions related to negative outcomes it help team members for motivation (Bahmani-
Firouzi and Azizipanah-Abarghooee, 2014).
So that, many other factors are available which affected operation department decision-
making process. It is a management responsibilities to analysis all these elements negative
impact and reduce it to run whole business task effectively in long run.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it is concluded that manager and leaders has a important role in
operational department so that Marks and Spencer focus on both to run their retail store
effectively and achieve predetermine aim and objectives in limited period of time. Key function
of operation management is a planning, managing, designing, coordinating and many more.
Human resources manager of the company has provide training to operational staff about six
sigma so that they are able to work together in order to achieve common goals in limited period
of time.
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REFERENCES
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clients and servers. U.S. Patent 7,730,111.
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Hammill, A and Tanner, T., 2011. Harmonising climate risk management: Adaptation screening
and assessment tools for development co-operation (No. 36). OECD Publishing.
Heizer, R and Barry, R., 2013. Operation Management, Sustainability and Supply Chain
management (Vol. 11). Pearson, UK.
Lind, A.O., 2013, June. Pipeline integrity management–from design to operation. In The Twenty-
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Online
Leadership Theories. 2017. [Online]. Available through:
<http://www.leadership-central.com/leadership-theories.html#axzz4cuENJXqH>.
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