Operations Management: Concepts and Applications

This assignment delves into the core principles of Operations Management. It explores various aspects such as supply chain management, its integration with logistics, and the significance of a systems approach. The focus also extends to risk management within supply chains and the role of sustainable practices. Students are encouraged to analyze real-world examples and research current trends in the field.

Management and Operations

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................4
P1 Different role and characteristics of a leader and a manager.................................................4
P2 Application of role of leader and function of manager in different situations in M&L Ltd..5
P3 Theories and models of leadership approaches.....................................................................6
M1 Applying range of theories analyse the role of leader and manager.....................................6
M2 Strength and weakness of different approaches...................................................................6
D1 Critically analyse and evaluate the different theories...........................................................6
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................7
P4- Explain the key approaches to operations management and the role that leaders and
managers play with special reference to the chosen scenario:....................................................7
P5- Explain the importance and value of operations management in achieving business
objectives ....................................................................................................................................8
P6- Factors of operational management......................................................................................9
M3 How leaders and managers improve efficiency..................................................................10
M4 Different factors affect business environment....................................................................10
D2 Critically evaluate the application of operation management.............................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Management and operation is a process of production management which have include
and also analysis the various resources which used by the operation system of the organization to
handle the policies of the company in a systematic manner. It is a also the part of the
organization which involve with in the limit of the inputs having the quality level(Ageron,
Gunasekaran and Spalanzani, 2012). It also includes the manufacturing of the product which
known as production management. Operation management is apart of the business organization
which is shows the responsibility for the goods and services. The purpose of management and
operation is based on leadership and function of a manager. M&S Ltd is a British multinational
retailer in the London. It is listed in the London Stock Exchange (Management & Operations,
2017). The M&L Ltd company is famous in the selling of clothing and home products as well as
luxury food products. M&L was founded in 1884 by Michael Marks and Thomas Spencer. In the
below mentioned report, discussion based yon the roles as well as characteristics of the leaders
and managers. Along with this different theories has to be discussed.
TASK 1
P1 Different role and characteristics of a leader and a manager
Leader is the person who is lead as well as control a group and organization. A leader
have to creates vision for the future and also inspire to their employee regarding to work and also
set goal and objectives in the organization. In a organization leadership is a process of motivating
and also train to their employee to achieve predetermined goal as well as objectives(Alderton and
Saieva ,2013). Leader is that person who is developing and motivating team as well as
employees to make coordination in group. Leader can assigned the position of the employees on
the basis of the ability and skill to evaluate the job profile in organization to achieve the specific
goal which set by the leader. some role of leader which can help in achieve the company goal.
Leader can help in self awareness of the employee to understand their strength as well as
weakness(Closs, Speier and Meacham, 2011). It is also enhance the knowledge of the employee
to done the work in effective manner and also create the creativity and innovate idea in the
organization. A successful leader is also avoid the poor communication. Another way leader can
lead to solve the misunderstanding s and errors.

Manager is a individual who is directing as well as managing the team. It is not only a
manager in a particular enterprise but also a bridge between top level management which is set
the goal and strategies to achieve organization objectives and lower level management which is
operating plan and also drive the business. Manager is a senior of the employee who motivate
and also support their employees to performed the work of the organization. The role of the
manager in the organization. A manager have capability to hire and fire the employee and also
the provide the work in a team members(Barratt, Choi and Li, 2011). Manager can develop the
leadership, communication as well as project management to improve and understand the goal
and objectives about the team and team members. Some role of manager can be include in the
organization the first role is figurehead role of manager, next one is leadership role of manager,
and third one is monitor role of manager.
P2 Application of role of leader and function of manager in different situations in M&L Ltd
Decision-making: In decision making sometime the leader can take wrong decision for the
employee but also take the right decision for the organization to successful business. Decision
making is the process of daily expectation of a leaders which can take decision quickly in a
different situation without consulting with others(Closs, Speier and Meacham, 2011). Decision
making can be difficult which can effect on the bottom level of the business as well as
organization. The manager can play a role in decision making to take effective decision and also
clarify the responsibilities of the employees regrading the work. Manager can use maintain the
data of performance which is helps in making decision and deal with problems as well as hurdles
of the organization.
Risk taking: In risk taking process is a long time growth at the organizational process. The leader
can evaluated the risk and also reform the solution of the risk that can improve the marketability
of the business the leader can define the risk in effective manner and also identify that how a
organization deal as well as tolerance the risk to reduce the risk and also increase the growth.
And the manager can manage the risk as well as uncertainty of the organization on the daily
basis(Galindo and Batta, 2013). Some risk have to positive effect or some risk have negative
effect in the organisation the manager can measure as well as evaluated the risk in a effective
manner. Manager can identify the risk and analysis the risk, evaluated the risk, treat the risk,
monitor and review the risk to successful organization.

Team building: In a team building process the leader play a important role in motivating the team
as well as team members. Leader can be help in set the goal as well as objectives for the team
and also motivate the employee to achieve the predetermined goal and objectives. A manager
can also manage the team as well as team member to achieve the goal and objectives for the
organization as well as business manager can show enthusiasm, provide the support to the team
members, provide the responsibilities to the team, and the most important factor is manage the
clear vision for the business and allow the team member to take risk.
P3 Theories and models of leadership approaches
Situational leadership: Situational leadership is a link between leaders and followers. It is
a strong as well as important tool which is based on the situation they include the understanding
the situation, manage the working, communicate with others and also respond the situation to set
the behaviour of the leadership competencies(Gimenez, Sierra and Rodon, 2012). In the
situational leadership two different type of leadership style are included. The first style is telling
and directing which show that leader of M&S Ltd make the correct and relevant decision for the
betterment of the organization. The second style is selling and Coaching which show the selling
process of the business and also included the regular activities per day. It also enhance the
confidence and self motivation as well as learning of the employees. And also take correct
decision regarding to the workers as well as organization.
M1 Applying range of theories analyse the role of leader and manager
There are different theories which leaders as well as managers of Mark & Spencer can
use and on the basis of that they can attain the success in the market place(Gunasekaran and
Ngai, 2012). Role of leaders in the business entity can be analysed and evaluated on the basis of
trait and behavioural theory. But on the other hand, functions of manager can be identified by
using the human relations theory and chaos theory(The systems approach to operational
management, 2017). Human relation theory helps in dealing with the employees and Chaos
theory based on the dynamic nature of the staff members of Mark & Spencer.
M2 Strength and weakness of different approaches
Leaders as well as managers have to use distinctive kinds of approaches in mark &
Spencer which assist in accomplishing the goals and objectives. The employees can use trait
theory, which help leader in identifying the core competencies of the workers but it does not

helps in identifying the future behaviour of the employees(Haksever and Render, 2013.). By
using human relations theory, manager will be able to improve their relations with their staff
members of Mark & Spencer. Along with this chaos theory helps in identifying and analysing the
dynamic behaviour of employees.
D1 Critically analyse and evaluate the different theories
As per the views of Lun, (2011), he said that leader as well as managers are the important
person in the business entity as they help in managing all the business activities and attain the
goals and objectives of Mark & Spencer. There are some theories which can be used by them
that is situational, systematic, contingency etc. Moreover, some core competencies which are
included in this that is skills, beliefs, attitudes etc. It helps in accomplishing the targets and
maintain the strong position in the market place.
TASK 2
P4- Explain the key approaches to operations management and the role that leaders and
managers play with special reference to the chosen scenario:
A operation management is the process of concerned with the all management activity
and designing and controlling to all process and redesigning to all business operating in the
product and services(Wu and Pagell, 2011). operation management is the to managing all
operating function of an organisation. operation management is a important role plying in the
organisation. There are various types of key approaches to operation management;
Dynamic approach: Dynamic approach is the process is new their sharpest thinks to develop
strategies to aimed at initiatives at entering new market to enter a greater share markets share
company to maximizing profitable to improving various aspect to related down the business,
today organisation can confront cause of strategies executing failures by process is set of various
overcomes barriers(Subramanian and Ramanathan, 2012). A dynamics approach to execution
that the belief on that organisation treat the process as leadership excise rather then admins rating
to whole activity. In this approach is the explicitly designing activity to adopt the condition and
investing new skills and behaviours efforts adopt and controlling and m&s limited can to take all
advantages and implements to new techniques and external market related dynamics approach is
very effect to new entity developing.

System approach: M&S limited to system to use a treats an organisation system in this system
open and closed approach applied in the treat on the entity . IN approach is open system used to
inputs requires to adopts al elements and transferring the process to collecting input to converting
into the output system In system interacts its environments inputs and outputs thorough puts
covering the all system .in this system is set receiving m&n resources such as a equipments
natural sources the working of employee referred to as a inputs. The inputs are transformed
called throughputs, they yield product and services that is called outputs. Outputs are released
into the various environment sources.
The role that leaders and managers play with special reference to the chosen scenario:
HIRE great people; a mangers a selecting sourcing scanning and selecting on hr or recruiting ies
instead selection area a critical.
Performance management: A mangers and leader to the people aspect of manager job and
clearing and work addressing developing training g and doing performance reviews.
Team developments: To the developing individual employment management a mangers is
responsibility the developing high performance team.
Setting overall direction: The strategies mangers spend a lot of time and thinking mission and
vision m & n providing to allot a various types of responsibilities to decision into the team based.
There are different approaches which are associated to the operations management
includes:
Total quality management: It is a system which is based on different principles in which
employees of the business entity must be committed so that they can maintain the high standards
of the products. If employees of the firm manage quality of merchandise then they can attain the
goals and objectives.
Just in time: It is a strategy which can be used by the firm so that they can provide better
and qualitative products to their consumers which assist in increasing the efficiency and decrease
wastage which are generated by manufacturing merchandise and according to that they can
reduce the cost of stock.
Six Sigma: It is a type of approach which helps in analysing and calculating the defects as
well as eliminate them. It assist in improving the capability of the process of business which they
have to use. By the reduction in defective products, they can increase profits as well as employee
morale.

Supply chain management: When the employees of the firm manage the supply of the
products and services then they can increase flow of goods as well as services. Along with this it
includes the movement as well as storage of raw materials, inventory which is work in progress
and finished goods according to the point of consumption.
P5- Explain the importance and value of operations management in achieving business
objectives
Operation management is the part of the m&n company the operation management is the
the effective and efficient management of the any operation to involving into the various types
of physical activity. In which the field of operation management has increasing recognition due
to the public success of m&n limited(Su and Wang, 2012). The impotent role playing financial
and marketing firm . The concept of efficiencies and efficiency business entity resolve around
operation management it also involves product degree of integration of all environment resources
to get the product in the right place and right way and including cost and time consideration. A
operation management is the major opportunities to improve profit and productivity. A operation
system is very costly of en entity.
The operation management is the operate all managing responsibilities major portion
assets of the using of operation(What is Operations Management? 2017). And basic features of
organisation to increase the sales of the production operating cost reducing financial cost and
operation cost. Operation management is the important to all types of business, the
manufacturing the product of an company the basic object of to the reducing the wastages of
product and increasing productivity to the utilisation of of resources management in the orders to
makes is the production cost is low M&S limited is the aim to sure the they all warehousing
utilisation of properly, the main objective explained the all details and to the final product to any
without issue the shifting cost. in this operation marketing and sales are important to us is own
process so that's why business are those mangers operations effectively efficiently the object of
the operation management to provides customers services and utilisation same resources. these
are two main objectives to primary based the main object of the operation management depend
upon product quality cost and speed. Today market trends every costumers focus on the three
things. if product quality good then cost is also maximum with having comfort as a compare
products then already production demand in casing if company having powerful operation

management in a entity then automatically achieving strategies and objectives and operation
management importance role plying in the m&n limited.
P6- Factors of operational management
Operation management is the importance role playing in the organisation to various types
of factors to involving in the entity :there are two types of factors internal and external factors:-
Internal environment is the basic focus on the organisation owners, the board of
direction employee and culture. A owners are people who invested in the company they all
individual or group who started the company. The right of owner to change company all
policies. Board of directors is the directors of the board of company they given all
responsibilities for seeing to elected(Tayur, Ganeshan and Magazine, 2012). Employee is the
most importance elements of a an organisation workforce employee is the internal factors to
performs all activity and task of the administration they called a labour unions. And last one is
the culture factors the factors of the collective of members of an organisation value
beliefs,habits that they attach to there action oriented. the culture is role of business success and
shaping of the success because culture is an important to how well organisation perform this time
to focus on the managerial behaviours.
External factors: External environment of the organisation influencing factors to
decision making there are two types of external environment first one the general and task
environment. The general consist of factors may have immediate direct and effect and
influencing activity of the them there are economic dimension are effect on interest rates value of
pricing hight cost of commodity(Tang and Musa, 2011). Technological dimension coving the
product and services all types of resources to effect down the decision-making and investment
decision must be adopt with them. Social cultural:social cultural is the very effect business
culture necessity services. there are related to competitors s and customers suppliers regulators
are task based on the factor to impact on the decision making.
M3 How leaders and managers improve efficiency
Leaders and managers of Mark & Spencer have to perform in a appropriate manner so
that they can do operation in a well mannered which helps in attaining the goals and objectives.
The leaders and managers have to perform their roles and responsibilities and also perform their
task by the proper coordination(Mollenkopf, Frankel and Russo, 2011.). The employees have to
maintain the balance between the demand and supply of the products of the business entity.

Moreover, leaders and managers of Mark & Spencer have to resolve the conflicts among the staff
members.
M4 Different factors affect business environment
There are different factors in the business environment which having a influence on the
operation management. Along with this it having a impact on the performance of the business
entity. Different factors are political, social, economical, legal etc. If company wants to
maximise their profits then they have to provide best and qualitative products to the
consumers(Singhal and Singhal, 2012). along with this they have to follow appropriate rules and
regulations so that staff members of Mark & Spencer can not face any obstacles and according to
that they can reap success in the competitive market.
D2 Critically evaluate the application of operation management
According to Stadtler, (2015), it has been analysed that operation management is
necessary in the company as it aid in managing all the business activities and by that they can
attain the goals and objectives which are pre-decided by the higher authorities of Mark &
Spencer. There are different factors whether it is internal or external which having a impact on
the operation management of M&S. By all these, performance of the business entity is affected
along with the productivity and profitability. If company wants to attain success then they have
to follow relevant policies so that all the work should be managed.
CONCLUSION
After summing up the above carried out report leaders and managers of Mark & Spencer
have to play a important and necessary role which helps the business entity in attaining the
targets as well as managing all the business activities so that workers can not face any obstacles
in performing all the activities in a appropriate and well mannered. Along with this employees of
M&S have to use appropriate policies, rules and regulations so that they reap the success in the
market place when the firm is facing high competition. The staff members of the company have
to use proper approaches which assist in attaining the leading position in the market place.
Moreover, they have to provide the qualitative services to the consumers so that they can
generate maximum profit.

REFERENCES
Books and journals
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Wu, Z. and Pagell, M., 2011. Balancing priorities: Decision-making in sustainable supply chain
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Online
Management & Operations. 2017. [Online]. Available
through:<http://www.geogroup.com/Management_and_Operations>. [Accessed on 12th
March 2017].
The systems approach to operational management. 2017. [Online]. Available
through:<http://www.citeman.com/1122-the-systems-approach-to-operational-
management.html>. [Accessed on 12th March 2017].
What is Operations Management?. 2017. [Online]. Available
through:<http://www.topmba.com/mba-programs/what-operations-management>.
[Accessed on 12th March 2017].