Leadership Styles and Organizational Effectiveness

The assignment examines the relationship between different leadership styles (e.g., servant leadership, benevolent leadership) and their influence on organizational outcomes. It delves into how these styles affect factors like team effectiveness, organizational citizenship behavior, and overall job satisfaction within organizations. The analysis draws upon academic research and real-world examples to shed light on the complexities of leadership in contemporary business settings.

Management
And Operations

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1]...........................................................................................................................................1
P1 Comparing the role of leader and manager ......................................................................1
P2 Examples role of leader and function of manager applied in different situational contexts..3
P3 Theories and Model of leadership approaches..................................................................4
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5
P4 The main approaches to operation management and role of leader as well as manager in
M&S.......................................................................................................................................5
P5 Significance and value of operation management.............................................................8
P6 Assessment of various elements within business environment that has impact on
operational management and decision making.......................................................................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Management and operation is an essential branch within field of business. These both are
the key function of any company. Management field require excellent communication
skills, knowledge about current and future business trends, office managing skills,
Multitasking ability and leadership quality. Business management and operations include
various activities such as planning and execution of strategies. The role of manager and
leader is to ensure that organisation work properly. Management and operational activities
involve establishing of processes and monitoring them to ensure desired outcome. These
two function of manager and leader intends to assist enterprise in achieving goals and
objectives.
The purpose of the study is to explain the concept of management and operation through
giving the example of M&S. Report has focus on developing understanding about
importance of management and operation activities in business. It will also have
emphasized on determining the role of leader and manger in operational activities within
organisation.
TASK 1]
P1 Comparing the role of leader and manager
In every enterprise the crucial role is played by manager and leader in order to
accomplish organisational goals and objectives. The absence of manager and leader the firm
would not able to perform any activities such as formulation of strategies, polices, management
of people, directing and controlling work. The complete process and functions within business
unit are coordinated and managed by manager. The manager has various roles and liability to
manger workers and other work in enterprise. In context of M&S it is the leading retailer in UK.
The major objective of company is to gain customer loyalty, increase market share and enhance
market growth by offering good quality of products at reasonable price to customer. It is
required by manger and leader to fulfil their responsibilities in order to achieve these goals
(Arnulf and et.al., 2014)
Basics Leaders Manager
Definition A leader is a person that Manager is a person whose
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provides direction to followers
and motivate and supports
them to improve their
performance in order to
produced desired outcomes.
role is to develop various
strategies policies and to
conduct various procedures in
order to assist company in
achieving mission and vision.
Responsibility Leader has the responsibility
to inspire employees in
increasing their performance.
They are the person who have
set of responsibilities.
Manager is a person those who
haver liability to organise and
arrange various activities in
enterprise. They are also
responsible for formulating
various strategies in order to
assist organisation in
increasing profitability.
Abilities Leadership is the ability of
pleader to influence,
encourage, and allows other to
increase their contribution
towards achievement of
organisational goals and
objectives.
Management include directing
and controlling a group or
individual with the intention
of coordinating and
encouraging group towards
accomplishment of enterprise
goals.
Personality styles Transformational, consultative
and participative
Dictatorial, Authoritative,
Transactional and democratic.
Decision making They are the person who
facilitate decision making.
They are the person who are
involved in decision making
process.
Orientation They are people oriented Task oriented
Focus They have focus on leading Manger emphasizes on
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and managing group of people. managing various activities in
Organisation.
Outcomes They have focus on
achievement of group goals
Manager are more interested
in measuring results.
Approach to task Emphasizes on identifying
problems and devising
innovative solutions. Using
their skills they motivate other
to provide suitable solutions
Various strategies and policies
are being formulated by
manger in order to identify
problems and analysing
solutions. They motivate
people to share their view,
values and belief.
Power They generate power through
influence and skills. They uses
this power for leading other
people.
These are given Power by
formal authority and other
source is position. They use
power fore managing activities
and work.
Organisation Leaders have follower Subordinate works under the
guidance of manager
In case of M& S various suitable and effective strategies are being developed by manger
to support firm in achieving success and enhancing growth. On the other hand leader has plays
significant role in motivating employees to increase their productivity and high performance (aur
and Haase, 2015)
P2 Examples role of leader and function of manager applied in different situational contexts
` It has been analysed that there are various types of roles and functions are being performed
by manager and leader in order to assist business entity in gaining success. It is very
essential for both of them to perform their task in effective manner and fulfil their
responsibility in enterprise (Agarwal and et.al., 2012) Their role and function has
significant contribution towards achievement of business goals and objectives. In context
of M& S the mission and Vision of the company is to increase profitability and to become
marker leader. This mission and vision can be achieved when the firm will be able to
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deliver good quality of products and services to its customer. It can be considered that
organisation goals and objective are totally depended on management and operational
activities. The role of leader is to manage various activities of employees and motivate
them to increase their participation in various activities within business unit. There role
also include supporting workers to aid them in improving their performance (Blanchard,
2010)
For instance, M&S has high employee turnover rate which has direct effect on company
profitability and production capacity. In such situation it is required by manger and leader
to perform their roles and responsibility and help firm in homecoming such kind of
complex situation. It is role of manager to frame effective strategies and policies in order
to attract and retain workers. Manager can introduce attractive monetary and non monetary
incentives, compensatory policies, incentive and bonus schemes to reduce the employee
turnover. It is essential for manager to recognise the root cause of such situation and
identify suitable solution. It is the responsibility of manager to ensure healthy and safe
working environment. The role of manager is to provide open communication system so
that conflicts and misunderstanding can be avoided. Their responsibility is to define the
roles of workers in order to support them in performing tasks in systematic manner
(Harwiki, 2013.)
On the other hand leader also has essential role to play in order to support business entity
in overcoming such situation. Leader has such effective communication skills that can be
used by them in order to influence decision of workers and motivate them to retain their
job. Leader has potential to encourage employees to increase their contribution in various
decision making process and enable them to increase their performance. Leader plays
significant role in coordinating and managing people at workplace. Due to effective
communication and leadership skills they can inspire people to maintain healthy and long
term relationship with company (Bonanni and Cafazzo, 2014)
P3 Theories and Model of leadership approaches
Leader has very crucial role to play in any Enterprise. These are the person who have the
responsibility to coordinate and mange people in company. They are mainly liable for allocating
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and distributing task among followers and directing as well as assisting them in performing their
work in systematic and organised manner (Ghosh, 2015.) The various skills that are required by
leader to be posse d include communication, ability to influence other, positive attitude etc. With
the help of these skills' leader is able to influence other people behaviour in organisation. These
abilities and knowledge can be used by leader in order to motivate people and for evaluating the
performance of employees. This quality will allow them to provide suitable guidance and
accurate direction to their followers in order to aid them in achieving standard outputs. Various
types and styles are there which can be adopted by leader in order to fulfil their roles and
responsibilities in effective manner (Iqbal and Sharma, 2012) These approaches and models are:
Situational leadership-situational theory is the part of contingency theory of leadership. This
approach states that a leader has different behaviour that includes telling, selling, participating
and delegating. Telling behaviour of leader demonstrate the high directive behaviour and
indicates low supportive behaviour. Selling behaviour represents broad directive action and high
support from leader. Leader behaviour at the time of delegation of authority demonstrate low
direction and less supportive. Situational leadership approach is flexible that the reason it is
easily adaptable to prevailing working situation. This model state that the various styles have
been adopted by leader on the basis on need and situation existing in business. The other factors
that are considered by leader while selecting leadership styles are nature of business, objective of
leadership, organisational goals and nature of project.
System leadership-It refers to the comprehensive approach to sustainable leadership. It states
that its is essential for leader to work according to the system of business in order to retain their
position in organisation for long periods of time. It also says that leader has potential to change
system in business unit. It also indicates that various functions performed by leader has direct
effect on the system of enterprise.
Task oriented approach=This approach has focus on completion of task. Leader emphasizes on
the process of completion of project within particular time according to this model it is required
by leaders to formulate effective strategies, detail plan, schedule and design the framework of
project in order to complete work on time. It is required by leader to follow code of conduct and
rules while completing particular activity. This type of leadership approach can be adopted
leader working in M&S in order to complete task on time and in systematic manner (Khan,
Asghar and Zaheer, 2014)
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TASK 2
P4 The main approaches to operation management and role of leader as well as manager in M&S
In any organisation, the entire procedure and functions are largely dependent on
operation management. Operation management plays very important role in business. Objective
of M&s is to provide satisfaction to customers. The enterprise can fulfil this objective by
delivering good quality of products and services to their clients. The Quality of the product is
totally dependent on the operation process and management. Operations binds all departments
in their function. It plays significant role in producing, transforming, delivering products and
services to end consumer
Operation management has focus on designing and controlling production activities and
redesigning business operations in order to produce quality as well as innovative products and
services (Mahembe and Engelbrecht, 2014)
In case of M&S which is leading retailer company in UK and dealing in fashion industry
it is very important for them to produce goods according to demand of clothes and according to
trend prevailing in society. Company production efficiency and quality of product is largely
dependent on its operation management. It is very essential for M&S to use good quality of
clothes and to analyse the recent trend in society. Some operation management approaches can
used by firm for improving quality of product and increase their operational efficiency. Various
operation management approaches are:
Six sigma-The six sigmas is very effective technique that can be used by cited venture for
improving quality of product and services. This approach will enable business entity to deliver
quick and effective services to their customer. It will provide firm an opportunity to increase
their capability of various business process. This method can assist business organisation in
improving and maintaining their performance in the market. It will allow firm to reduce various
cost of production and increase its profitability. Six sigma also support business entity in
increasing their employees moral, elimination of waste, effective utilisation of resources and
maintaining the quality of goods as well as services. It allows business unit typo increase its
production capacity and production efficiency (Park and el.at., 2014.)Six sigma approaches has
demonstrated five phases. These five phases include defining the system, evaluating important
aspects of current procedure and collect of relevant information, analysing data and accepting
relationship between cause and effect, enhancing or making improvement in various business
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processes on the basis of data analysis and formulating control plan for future process. This can
help organisation in measuring actual performance with standard. By adopting this approach The
M&S will be able to fulfil its objective of customer satisfaction (Randeree and Chaudhry, 2012.)
Lean production approach-This methods have focus on minimising wastage and
eliminating useless activities that are associated with production and manufacturing of products.
It is very effective technique that can be used by M&S for maintaining the quality of their
product and reduce extra cost that is incurred by firm for delivering products to customers. This
method will assist business entity in establishing their focus on core activities.
Queuing Theory-It has been identified that Customer have to wait for long period in order to get
services From M&S company. It is very essential for organisation to adopt this method as this
will support enterprise in delivering quick services to their client and maintaining healthy
relationship with customers. This will enable M&S to improve their customer services.
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Illustration 1: Six Sigma
Source:(Hatch and Cunliffe 2013)

Total Quality management-This method invites all members of organisation to participate in
imp-roving various business processes, enhancing quality of products and services. This
approach encourages employees to increase their contribution in fulling organisation objectives.
It provides business unit an opportunity to gain customer loyalty and increase their market share
This technique can be adopted by M&S for maintaining organisational culture. It allows firm to
maintain healthy relationship with workers and reduce employee turnover. By adopting and
implementing this approach M&S can make improvement in overall business process and
enhance its performance.
Just in time inventory-This approach has focus on maintaining particular amount of inventory
that is demanded by customer in market. It intends to eliminate cost associated with maintaining
inventory (Ghosh,2015)
P5 Significance and value of operation management
M&S is dealing in fashion industry it largely depends on supplier for producing good
quality of products and services The manufacturer that are producing good for M&S need to
adopt various effective operation management techniques in order to maintain quality of goods
and services. By adopting various operation management approaches M&S supplier and
manufacturer can assist organisation in enhancing their growth and increasing profitability.
These management approaches can assist manufacturing unit in increasing their productivity and
can support M&S in maintaining their position in market. The manufacturing unit need to
develop their focus on adopting effective operation management process. This approach can
assist firm in increasing profitability and allow them to deliver good quality product at
reasonable price.
Operation management has focus on ensuring that enterprise is able to maintain its
efficiency and strength. Operation management include various activities such as allocating or
producing resources, making effective use of resource that are very important for delivering
effective and attractive products as well services to consumers. It aids business unit in increasing
its efficiency and effectiveness.
Operation management enables M&S to control various operational activities. It allows
manager to design various structure and business process in order to maintain position in market.
It also helps in creating various resources. Operation management directs firm towards proper
utilisation of resources.
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Leader and manager plays significant role in effective operation management. They
motivate employees to participate in various operational activities and increase their contribute
in solving various issues related to operation management. They measure the workers'
performance and provide them with guidance in order to facilitate effective operation
management process. Manager provides various resources and feedback that are required to
implement various management approaches (Harwiki, 2013)
P6 Assessment of various elements within business environment that has impact on operational
management and decision making
Stakeholders are those persons who have interest in various activities that are performed
by organisation. These direct or indirect influence and impact on business operations and
decisions. Stakeholder assists business entity in making various elective decision and provide
various resources to company in order to support firm in expanding their business and enhancing
growth. Customers have great influence on marketing strategies and policies that bare being
formulated by enterprise. They have interest in various products and services that are being
offered by organisation. Customers support business entity in generating revenue and increasing
profitability. Business environment has direct impact on firm profitability and growth. It has
great effect on day to day business activities and decisions (Hatch and Cunliffe 2013)
Employees are those people who works for the company and assist organisation in
achieving its goals and objectives. They have interest in analysing the profitability status of
business and gaining attractive salaries, wages ans well as incentives. Employees also demands
for healthy, safe environment, attractive policies and effective working practices. It is very
essential for manager Working in M&S to involve employees in various decision making
process as this factor have direct impact on various business process and Function.
Supplier has very significant role to play in M&S company. These are those people who
supplies finished goods to organisation. Suppliers are more interested in gaining more numbers
of orders from business and gaining regular payment. As M&S is totally depended on supplier
for their goods so it is required by business entity to maintain healthy relationship with them. It
is required by manger to involve suppliers in various decision related to products and services
(Hogan and Coote, 2014)
Evaluating the way leaders and manger can improve operational efficiency in order to
fulfil objective of M&S
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In M&S leader and manger has very crucial role to play in managing and controlling
various operational activities. The manager and leader can improve operational efficiency by
monitoring functions, developing at attractive policies and effective procedures, measuring
employees performance, formulating strategy etc. All these activities will help organisation in
increasing its competency, maintaining strength and quality of products as well as services .It
will allow firm to gain competitive advantage in market. Various operational management
approaches that are being adopted by manger will assist enterprise in improving quality of
products, process and gaining customer loyalty (Hsu,2014.)
CONCLUSION
It has been concluded from the report that management and operation plays very
significant role in organisation. Enterprise is totally dependents on these activities in order to
fulfil its objective of profitability and increasing market share. It has been concluded from report
that manager and leader have different roles and functions to play in business. They both have
focus on employees' motivation and increasing their participation in operational management. It
has been demonstrated by project that effective operation management can help M&S company
in improving various business process and assist business unit in improving quality of products.
The various management approaches and techniques has been suggested by research that
can be adopted by firm for effective operation management.
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Online
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