Table of Contents INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1 TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1 P1 Specify & analyse contrary roles as well as characteristics of managers along with leader in context with an organisation...............................................................................................1 M1 Examine and distinguish between leader roles & function of manager by appropriately applying various concepts & theories.....................................................................................2 TASK 2............................................................................................................................................3 P2 Analyse various instance how role of leader as well as function of manager are applicable in various situational contexts................................................................................................3 P3 Mention various theories & models in order to approach, involving situational leadership, contingency as well as systems leadership............................................................................4 M2 Mention capability and weaknesses to assess distinguished approaches.........................4 TASK 3............................................................................................................................................5 P4 Mention effective approaches for operation management & the role of manager and leaders....................................................................................................................................5 P5 Define the importance or value of OM in attainment of business goals and objectives. .6 M3 Analyse the way through which leaders & managers can improvise OM to attain business objectives and goals................................................................................................................7 TASK 4............................................................................................................................................7 P6 Assess component in BE which influences on operation management & decision-making of both leaders and managers.................................................................................................7 M4 Analyse how various component impact the business environment as well as wider community..............................................................................................................................8 CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
INTRODUCTION Management & operationis concerned with the transformation of resources and raw materials in the end products so that high revenues and profits can be acquired. It is related with the redesigning, manufacturing and production of goods as per the demands of customers due to which high revenues will be attained. This is going to benefit the business in an appropriate manner. This project is prepared for M&S, a Britain based company which is specialised in clothing, food products and home decoration items(Beske and Seuring, 2014). This firm operate their work in global context. Assignment will discuss about functionsand role of leader as well asmanager.Also,varioustheoriesof managementwill bediscussedto analysevarious situations. Information about Key approaches and value of organisational management will be discussed. In last, influence of business environment on decision-making and management of business functions is mentioned. TASK 1 P1 Specify & analyse contrary roles as well as characteristics of managers along with leader in context with an organisation Leader is an individual which influence an individual or whole group of persons so that expected goals and targets can be acquired in a proper manner. In basic term, leader is defined as a person which leads a situation in a proper manner.Leader refers to a person which holds a higher or effective positionin a specific field so that other people can be impacted in a proper manner. Manager is basically an individual which manages and monitors the activitiesso the whole productivity as well as efficiency of the company might be enhanced. There exist distinct roles, duties & characteristics of both leader as well as manager in a business organisation so that advantage will be gained(Cook and Billig, 2017). Roles Roles of manager ď‚·Training of staff:Providing training is the role of manager. This role allows the manager of M&S to offer proper guidance to the employees due to which they are able to perform their work without any complexities and issues. 1
ď‚·Allocating work:Manager in M&S has the role to allocate work to their staff. If manager will not perform this role properly then accomplishing work in a systematic manner will not be possible. Role of leader ď‚·Create vision:Majorrole of a leaderin a company. If leader in M&S will not formulate and communicate vision to the workers then it will be difficult for staff to acknowledge what are their targets and how much time is needed to achieve them(Boyd and Dougherty, 2016). ď‚·Motivating workforce:Other effective role of a leader is to provide guidance and motivation to their staff members in order to deal with difficult environment in an effective and proper manner. Characteristics Characteristic of manager ď‚·Time management:This is the main characteristic in which a manager of M&S will divide the work according to the available time so that all the tasks can be accomplished within expected time. ď‚·Communication:Another role for manager is to communicate all the organisational policies and information to the workers so that they can perform their work as per requirement of the company. Characteristic of leader ď‚·Creativity:The main characteristic is wherethey have the work to be creative so that challengingworkcanbeperformedinsimplifiedmannerandchangingneedsof customers can be fulfilled via innovation(Ellitan, 2017). ď‚·Commitment:This characteristic allows a leader to fulfil their promises made to the employees. Due to this, employees in M&S will be very happy and they will be able to perform their work in more productive and reliable manner. M1 Examine and distinguish between leader roles & function of manager by appropriately applying various concepts & theories Roles & responsibilities of both manager as well as leader which isdistinguished on the basis of different situations. It can be said that in a situation, both manager and leader play different kind of roles. For example, in case of execution of project, role of manager is to allocate 2
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the work to the employees, provide them training and checking their work whereas roleis to motivate and guide employees in order to perform their entire work in optimal manner. TASK 2 P2 Analyse various instance how role of leader as well as function of manager are applicable in various situational contexts. In a company multiple kind of situations arise which influences the working of both leader and manager. In context with M&S, there are different situations in which both manager and leader have different work(Eraki, 2015). Information about this is described below: Situation 1: Implementing new technology Role of leaders ď‚·Here, role of leader is to formulate proper strategies so that new technology can be implemented in a proper manner. Also, leader will have to ensure that implemented technology will impact working of company in negative manner. ď‚·Other than this, leader will have to motivate staff so that introduction of technology can take place properly. Function of manager ď‚·Manager's rolein this situation is to design the procedures so that effective outcomes can be gained. ď‚·Also, manager will have to offer training to staff so that they can use technology in proper way. Situation 2: Arranging development and training session for staff Role of leader ď‚·Leader in M&S have the work to arrange the required funds which are 200 million pounds so that all the staff can be properly trained(Fan, Liu and Zhang, 2015). ď‚·Encouraging staff for the training so that employees can take utmost benefit from it. Function of manager 3
ď‚·Manager of M&S has the work to provide guidance and training to staff so that their development can not be hindered in any manner. If training will not be provided actual working capability of workers will not be acknowledged. P3 Mention various theories & models in order to approach, involving situational leadership, contingency as well as systems leadership. Systematic leadership theory:This theory emphasize on the fact that leader of a company has to formulate an environment so that each worker of a firm can perform their work with full potential. This theory will benefits the workers in M&S due to creation of proper system in organisation. By this, each person will get appropriate work and overall productivity of company will raise. This theory also provide tools so that behaviour of staff can be predicted and right kind of leadership style can be adopted(Fredendall and Hill, 2016). Contingency leadership theory:This is the theory which states that thereis not specific styletomanageallthesituation.Differentsituationsneedsdifferentsolutionssothat effectiveness can be maintained. In simple term, a contingency leader is a person which select a style according to the situation. To be a contingent leader, the leader in M&S has to adopt different styles in multiple situations. Situational leadership theory:This leadership theory include those leaders which adopt various leadership styles to develop their teams and employees in a proper manner. This is a good way of leadership as it helps in adapting needs ofcompany in efficient way. Here, there will be no fixed leadership style in M&S and leader of company will analyse the situation properly and then decide which style they prefer to adopt so that high advantage can be gained (Glukhov and Balashova, 2015). M2 Mention capability and weaknesses to assess distinguished approaches. Situational leadership StrengthWeakness ď‚·Forworkers,workperforming environment is very productive in this kind of theory ď‚·Byassistanceofthistheory, coordination in team members working ď‚·Less focus is given to the long term requirements of M&S. ď‚·This leadership theory is not able to take effective decisions in context with 4
will be very high.organisation. System leadership StrengthWeakness ď‚·This is the approach whichemphasize on the overall goals of the company as well as needs of employees. ď‚·It has its focus on multiple working dimensionsofthemanagementof organisation. ď‚·This theory is not highly practical in nature & it leads to hold the decision- making. ď‚·In this theory, nature of dependency is not defined properly(Han and et. al., 2017). Contingency leadership StrengthWeakness ď‚·Thisleadershipapproachishighly flexible in nature get modified easily. ď‚·Along with it, employees of company can also share their view points. ď‚·practically implementing it is a tough procedure. ď‚·It is not easy to handle contingency leadership style. TASK 3 P4 Mention effective approaches for operation management & the role of manager and leaders Both leader and manager of a firm plays a considerable role in order to accomplish the organisational success and growth.To acknowledge the activities properly,manager & leader is needed to followsome approaches which are stated below: Total quality management:It is referred as an effective way that benefits the manager of form to increase the standard of offerings so that customers can be satisfied desirably. In this context, main objective ofMarks & Spenceris to enhance the overall satisfaction of the clients so that they can be retained for maximum time(Idris, 2016). This will increase their trust in offerings of the firm. For instance,consumption of raw materialand resourcesof high quality 5
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will assure that customers can be given standardised product. Here, role of leader will be to enhance motivation of staff membersso that technical skills will be enhanced. Just in time:This approach will benefits M&Sin fulfilling the necessarily of the clients in efficient way. By using this approach,manager of the organisationcan acknowledge the stock list situation sothat customers can be given product as per their requirements. By this, overall production and operational cost will be reduced due to which M&S can easily gain high revenues and profits. Here role of manager is to train the workers so that they can use each resource in an optimal manner whereas leader'srole is to communicatethe vision of company so that standardised products can be served to the customers without any issues(Pundi and et. al., 2015). P5 Define the importance or value of OM in attainment of business goals and objectives Operationmanagementdefineto the area generallyconcerned with controlling& designing the overall process of producing as well as redesigning of all the organisational functions. It has been said that there are ample number of departments within the organisation which assist in attaining the goals & objectivesof the company. Operation management is a procedure highly concerned with supervising, organizing as well as planning the provisions related with manufacturing & service. Apart from this, it has been said that an individual person who manages each and every operations in an effective manner known as operation manager. It is said that they are the one who have different types of skills, traits and characteristics which help them in enhancing the value of operations management within the organisational context of M&S. Satisfaction of consumers needs-OM plays very necessaryrole to fulfil the needs & requirements of customers by providing them goods and services which are of high quality within affordable price. In today's competitive world, customers are the king who help in attaining position of the company(Punyateera and et. al., 2014). Therefore, it is very essential for the management team tofulfil the requirements of consumers toearn more profitability at the marketplace. In reference to the M&S,OM play significant role inorder to satisfy the needs and wants of customers. Reduce wastage of resources-By using six sigma and lean management approaches, managers will be able to reduce wastage in an effective and appropriate manner. This will assist in reducing scrap and wastage so that it will assist in enhancing the profit margin of the company at the competitive marketplace. If talking about M&S, managers of the company adopt both the 6
approaches so that they can reduce any kind of wastage and produce high quality goods and services. It has been said that there are ample number of value as well as importance of operation management which help in enhancing the profit ratio, performance, productivity as well as sales of the company(Rushton, Croucher and Baker, 2014). In addition to this, it refers to elements which assist in handing different issues which incudes design as well as maintenance of the system used by the management team tomake high quality goods as well as services. M3 Analyse the way through which leaders & managers can improvise OM to attain business objectives and goals. It is said that leaders and managers play very important role within M&S as they help them foraccomplishing their objectives and goals in an appropriate way.Both manager and leader perform their business functionality by recruiting, planning, controlling, directing as well as organising each and every activity so that positive result will be gained. This will help them foraccomplishing their pre define goal & objectiveswithin given time frame. They adopt various types ofapproaches & strategies forperform all there business functions in an effective manner so that they can attain their goals and objectives of the company within given time frame. TASK 4 P6 Assess component in BE which influences on operation management & decision-making of both leaders and managers. It is said that business environment refers to the combination of both internal as well as external element which as customers, management, employees, suppliers, technology, clients, economic changes and many more which might influence the overall business functioning of the the company(Shirae and et. al., Fujitsu Ltd, 2015 2015). With the help of this concept, business entity will be able to grab ample number of opportunities, improving performance, profitability as well as growth of the business organisation. All these factors need to be considered by the managers & leaders of the company while taking decisions. Business environment is categorised into two main types which are internal & external going to be discussed as follows: Internal Factors 7
It refers to the factors which is commonly arise within the organisation and can easily be controllable and manage by the staff members of the company. It has also been said that due to internal factors, organisation will face various impact and affect the overall success of business. Some of the most essential factors are going to be discussed as follows: ď‚·Value system- It has been said that the value system of a business entity consist of various ethical beliefs which will assist in attainingthe objectives of the organisation.In addition to this, it will also identify the behaviour as well as attitude of staff members, society, customerswhich affect the performance.In the present context of M&S, value system highly consist of honesty, fairness, transparency, harmonious relationship as well as courtesy(Thornburg, Ustun and Krogh, 2016). All the decisions taken by the managers must be based on ethical considerations so that they can develop favourable results. ď‚·Organisation structure- It define as the system used by large number of organisations in order to define the hierarchy of duties and jobs within the organisation. It has been said that M&S is an organisation which use functional structure sothey can execute all their activity in an appropriate manner.Therefore, managers of the company develop strategies in an effective manner so that they can perform all their function in a favourable manner. External Factors On the other hand, in context of external factors which are not controllable and managed by the organisation and are arise outside the business organisation. These are the factors which have both favourable as well as unfavourable impact. Some of the most essential factors are going to be discussed as follows: ď‚·Legal factors:It is said that one of the most influential external element is legal factor which might affect the overall business functionality of the company. Any kind of modifications in the legislations and laws directly affect the growth as well as business functionality of the business entity(Zeng and et. al., 2014). It has been said that each and every country have their own legal policies which affect the development of business entity.In context of M&S, managers needto take decisions after considering all the legal laws so that the outcome will be favourable and help in enhancing the growth rate of the company at the competitive marketplace. 8
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M4 Analyse howvariouscomponent impactthe business environmentaswell as wider community. It is concludedthat while doing business functions, there are ample number of factors which need to be considered by the managers and leaders. These are the factors which creates issues while taking any kind of decisions which might affect the functionality of the organisation (Beske and Seuring, 2014). Therefore, it is very essential for the management team to examine all these factors so that positive and favourable results will be developed. It has also been said that there are different departments performed there business functions in an effective manner but due to various factors there might increase in confusion and disputes. This as a result might reduce the goodwill as well as brand image of the company at the competitive marketplace. CONCLUSION As per this report, it can be comprehended that both leader and manager in a company play an important function in the overall success of the organisation. Without any good assistanceof a leader or manager, it is impossible for the a company to achieve expected results. Manager of an organisation helps in offering advantage through appropriate strategies and plans. This will allow a firm to enhance their profits. Main role for a leader is to motivate the staff so that their working capabilities can be raised. This will allow a firm to acquire high benefits and profits due to which gaining competitive advantage over rivals will be easy. There exist different theories like contingency, situational and system theory that allows an organisation to perform worksystematically.Keyapproachesandvalueofoperationalmanagementbenefitsin attainment of business objectives so that high profits can be earned. 9
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