Management Operation Report

This report analyzes the roles of leaders and managers in Tesco, a leading multinational retailer, focusing on their impact on operational management. It explores various leadership theories and approaches, examines key operation management strategies, and investigates factors influencing decision-making within the company.

Management Operation

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
LO 1.................................................................................................................................................1
P.1 Role and Characteristics of leaders and managers................................................................1
LO 2.................................................................................................................................................3
P. 2 Application of role of leader and function of manager in different situation.......................3
P. 3 Theories and models of approach ........................................................................................4
LO 3.................................................................................................................................................6
P. 4 Operation management and role of leaders and managers...................................................6
P. 5 Importance and value operations management in achieving business objectives. ..............7
LO 4.................................................................................................................................................9
P. 6 Factors that impact the operation management and decision making..................................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
The management refers to the proper allocation of resources to there best allocation. The
management ensures that the proper planning, directing and controlling of the plans and policies.
Operation means the functions of the organization which includes the product
manufacturing, designing, improving the product designs and distributing of the products and
services according to the demands in the market.
The operation management is important in the organization which is achieved by the
effective functioning of leaders and managers in the company.
The report will include the role and characteristics of leaders and mangers in the
company TESCO. The report will also study the role of leaders and managers in the
organizations TESCO and application of various theories and approaches.
The report will also include the key approaches to the operations management and role
of leaders and mangers in operation management. Thereafter the report will study the importance
of operation management and value of operation arrangement for the organization TESCO. Also
the report will study the relationship between leadership and management in the business
environment.
MAIN BODY
LO 1
P.1 Role and Characteristics of leaders and managers.
Leaders
Leaders are the person in an organization TESCO who is responsible for maintaining
balance between the employees and employer. The leaders are usually responsible for the
functioning of TESCO in order to achieve a common objective. Leaders plays a important role
in motivating the employees to work on the operations of the company. Leadership provides
guidance to the employees.
Roles
The leaders are required at all levels in the organization TESCO. In the top level of
management leaders determine the formulation of the policies and plans in TESCO. In the
middle level it manages the actions between the top and lower level management. And at the
lower level it motivates the employees to accomplish the organization as well as personal goals
(Chotipanich and Issarasak,2017).
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The leaders are the representative of the company TESCO
The role of leader is to integrate and reconcile the personal goals with the goals of
company TESCO.
Characteristics
The leaders of TESCO's , main characteristics are, they are innovative and creative.
The leaders are accountable to the company and the shareholders of the company
TESCO.
Leaders have good communication skills which differentiate them from others.
According to the John Adair's Model the main characteristics of the company TESCO is
completion of TASK, through TEAMWORK and employees betterment at INDIVIDUAL
Levels.
Managers
Mangers in the company are responsible in the handling of the management functions of
the company. The managers manage the operation of company TESCO through application of
various management theories. Managers managers the application of resources available in the
best possible use of them and providing the effect use of them.
Roles
Planning- the mangers main role is to plan for the policies and procedures to be followed
in the company TESCO. The mangers sets the target for TESCO which results in the
accomplishment of the organization goals (White, 2016).
Organizing- after the planning functions managers, manages the plans and policies in
best manner and allocate the resources to the plans. In the organizing functions managers
effectively coordinates the responsibility and authority.
Controlling- the mangers focuses on the performances of the employees according to the
goals of TESCO. Managers continuously monitors and review the action according to the budget
and requirements of TESCO .
Directing- the major role of managers is to direct the flow of responsibilities and
functions of the employees of the company TESCO.
Characteristics
The main characteristics of management is the time management. Mangers prioritize the
work in TESCO according to the importance of the work (Webb, 2017).
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A manger is reliable to the employees and also the top management of company TESCO.
The manager delegates the projects and tasks in TESCO to various levels of company.
Difference between Leaders and Mangers
Managers Leaders
The main objective of the mangers in
TESCO is to set goals and objectives in the
company by framing strategies and
techniques.
The foremost role of leaders is to guide
the employees in TESCO regarding the
objectives and goals which are to be
followed.
Mangers plan the activities of employees
and guide them to achieve the
organizational objectives.
Leaders focuses on overall development of
employees and keep control over their
tasks.
Mangers allocates the task to the
employees and help them to complete it.
Leaders motivates employees to compete
their work and provide right atmosphere
for achieving the objectives.
The mangers plan the policies and
regulations of the company.
Leaders help in accomplishment of
policies and maintenance of the
regulations. (Song and Huang, 2018).
LO 2
P. 2 Application of role of leader and function of manager in different situation.
Role of leaders and functions of managers.
The role and functions of the leaders and managers are different. But both leaders and
managers works for accomplishing the common objective that is the success of company
TESCO. Both leaders and managers coordinate to manage and achieve the goals of company.
The main role of leaders is to implement the policy formulated by mangers in TESCO. Leaders
motivates the employees in competing the work allotted to them by mangers (Boyle, 2016).
The company TESCO faces many problems in normal functioning of the company. Being
a big company there are many challenges and targets to the mangers and leaders. Also for
development of TESCO there is technical advancement and changes in the company to earn
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profit and achieve organizational goals. The changes in company TESCO can be internal and
external, these are explained below-
Implementing New technology at workplace: Due because of rapid advancement of
technologies, organisations are highly technological advance. Thus, organisation have to
introduce new machines, systems, techniques to change the process of the company. But this
situation also creates trouble within organisation sometimes. Like, employees resistance, strikes,
lock outs, shutdown etc. In this situation, leaders use to personally talk with the employees and
make them aware of new technologies and there benefits and use democratic leadership style by
considering the ideas and opinions of each employee. Apart from this, managers at Tesco used to
organize training and development opportunities for employees that motivate employees and up-
raise the skills of employees. So, by organising training and development programmes,
employees feel m motivated and this situation is also solved.
Outer Organizational changes- these are the changes which are external from TESCO.
These changes effects the companies functioning and procedures in various ways. The external
factors can be government interference through taxation, imposition of regulation and changes in
competitors policies and changes in the taste and preference of the customers.
TESCO deals with the external factors through the mangers and leaders. The mangers
plane policies with regard to the external environment and support the company to promote. And
on the other hand leaders motivates the employees and top level management in finding innovate
ideas to comply with the terms and conditions of government (Nakamura and et. al., 2015).
Inner organizational changes- these are the changes which relates to the internal
environment of the company itself. The internal changes imply, the changes like change in
manufacturing policies, strategies, marketing and product development and changes in the
financial situations of the company TESCO. The mangers implement the changed policies in the
company and leaders provides the support and guidance in the implementation of the plans and
policies in the company TESCO. For example, the manager will make changes within the
policies and regulation of thee organization in order to achieve the ethical responsibility of the
company. Further, managers are accountable to pre planned and formulate the riles and
regulation regarding the conflicts at workplace so this situation can be avoided.
Issue- In the company TESCO there is high employee turnover ratio. The leaders and
mangers both helps in the reduction of employee turnover ratio. The managers delegate the
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powers to employees in effective ways and leaders helps the employees in completing their
targets. Moreover, the leaders motivates and understands the problems of employees. Therefore,
both the managerial and leadership is important in the management of the situations in TESCO.
For example, due the issue of employee turnover which is faced by the company, the leader of
the company will appreciate and motivate the performance of the employees so that they get
encourage to work for the organization which in turn will reduce the employee turnover. Further,
the leaders can provide bonus and rewards for performing excellent within the company.
Autocratic leadership theory
In this theory the managers of the company will take their decisions without taking
involving employees in the decision-making process of the company.
Behavioural Management Theory
This theory is used by managers to develop and maintain human relations with in an
organisation. With the help of this theory managers of Tesco are able communicate with its
employees and workers in an efficient way. Which in turn improve performance of employees
and enhance profitability of company.
P. 3 Theories and models of approach
The leadership in the organization by the leaders are a function of various implied
theories and approaches (Reim and et.al., 2016). The leadership theories are used in TESCO for
maintaining the harmony between the various functions in company. Also TESCO uses the
leadership approaches for achievement of goals and targets of company. The leaders apply the
theories according to the requirements of the situation prevailing in the organization. The
theories can be explained below-
System leadership theory is a theory which determines the system in the company. This
theory sets the leadership styles in the normal functioning of the company. There are two types
of system theory which are active and passive theory. The System leadership theory evaluates
the past results and than applies the number of policies and approaches to the leadership
functions in the organizations (Brandon-Lai and et.al., 2016).
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In TESCO group employees are motivated for work from the results derived from the
past experiences of the company. This theory motivates the employees through the factors
which are helpful in the promotion and propagation of company in achieving common goals.
Strength Weakness
It raises the adaptability of the environment
changes.
It focuses on the achieving the goals of the
Unilever.
Delays in the decision making process.
The inter-dependence of the nature if not be
defined.
Situational leadership theory is practiced by Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard. This
initiate the organization behavior and nature of work of the employees. The situational leadership
theory is also known as Life Style Theory of the results. The theory determines the solution for
the various problems in the organization. It implies that according to every situation there is a
solution and different methods to achieve those goals (Song and Huang, 2018).
In TESCO, the leaders evaluates the situations and problems in the organization and form
the policies to be implemented in the organization. The situational leadership theory is best
suited for the organization TESCO as it is a big group and requires more attention in every fields
of the company.
Strength Weakness
It only needs for the flexibility of the situation.
It easily develops the friendly environment and
comfortable at workplace.
Sometimes it does no focuses on the long term
needs and wants, it is basically relied ion the
current needs.
Contingency leadership theory explains the functions in the organization and leadership
widely depends on the decision making powers of the company. The company which takes the
decisions in right and effective manner is successful, rather than the companies whose decision
making powers are not so good. The decisions in the organization depends on the past
experiences and the future aims and objectives of the firms. The company takes the decision
which is best suited to the situation and will effectively accomplish the companies goals (Khlat
and et. al., 2016).
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In the company TESCO the decisions making powers are delegated in various authorities
and also the decisions are taken in such a manner that no part of the organization in harmed. The
decisions are taken on the basis of financial , operational and management positions of the
company. Also, the leaders are responsible in the formulation and taking of the decisions which
are beneficial to the company and helpful to the employees in accordance to the current
prevailing situation.
Therefore, all the leadership theories are beneficial to the company TESCO but the
situational leadership theory is best suited to company TESCO as per the situation of high
employee turnover ratio. The leaders of company TESCO plans the policies according to the
welfare of employees and regulations which will result in lowering the employees turnover ratio
(Munevar and et. al., 2019).
STRENGTHS-
There are several advantages of theories and approaches of leadership styles. The
approaches result in maximizing the return with increased productivity. Leadership approaches
results in the stability in the work environment and helps in increasing profitability.
WEAKNESS-
In implementing the leadership approaches various measurement and reviewing
techniques are required. Also, there are implementation of controlling operations. There are
fluctuations in the demands of customers and also the increased number of competitors in the
market which is major drawback in implementation of leadership styles (Haralson and et. al.,
2017). Moreover, the situational theory is better for the organization as it helps the company to
find out proper solution to complex issues and helps them to achieve the goals by solving he
problems.
LO 3
P. 4 Operation management and role of leaders and managers.
Operation management:
Operation management is the management of of operations by the managers and leaders
in the company. The operation management concerns with forming of different plans and
policies in the normal course of business. It involves the designing and controlling of the
techniques in order to maintain effective return of the goods and services in the organization.
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Also the operation management in the company TESCO is responsible for the planning of rules
and regulations in order to achieve organizational goals (Shiffman and et. al., 2018).
Manager and leaders role in operation management:
In the organization TESCO there exist a effective management and leadership in the
operation management. The mangers and leaders cooperate with each other in the
accomplishment of goals and targets. The mangers assigns and allocates the work to the
employees whereas the leaders motivates the employees in completion of task. The operation
management requires a various decision making processes (Leadership: Leaders & Their Role in
Organizations, 2019).These decision making is done by the leaders and the managers
implements the decision taken by leaders in the operating the company TESCO. Therefore
leaders and managers both results in managing the functions of company.
There are varies approaches in the leadership and management of operation management. The
key approaches are TQM, JIT and Kaizen theory (Chotipanich and Issarasak,2017).
Total quality management (TQM)- this approach relates to the overall quality
management in the company. The total quality management is a structured approach which
focuses on improving quality of output in the company TESCO. The total quality management
manages and evaluates the products so that there is good quality of goods and services. As the
total quality management focuses on overall development and management it also focuses on
continual improvement of internal practices and policies. Managers manages the operations and
problems of TESCO through the use of Total Quality management. Manager use this approach
and manage the time between delivery and order of goods and services within organization so
that wastage of goods and services can be avoided.
Just in time (JIT)- This approach related the formation of the plans and policies
according to the situation prevailing in current scenario. The approach focuses on the production
of those goods and services as per the demand at a particular moment. The main aim of this
approach is to reduce the non profitable activities. It eliminates the carrying and maintaining cost
of inventory by keeping the finished goods inventory low in the company TESCO (White, 2016).
The leaders plays a significant role in evaluation of the problems or situations in company
TESCO and manages the situations accordingly.
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Kaizen theory- It refers to the continuous efforts of each and every employee of company
TESCO. According to this theory there is effective management in the operation of all the
processes and systems of a particular organization.
In the organization TESCO there is use of total quality management which ensures that
there is quality management in the production of goods and services of the company. This is a
best approach in regards to the all the companies which have higher operation management
(Webb, 2017). Furthermore, the managers of the company uses these theories by implementing
them while conducting the operations of the company like they apply the TQM theory by
conveying to their employees regarding the quality standards to be follow while producing the
products.
P. 5 Importance and value operations management in achieving business objectives.
Importance of operation management
The operation management is the essential part in the companies management of the
operations in order to easy flow of the products and services through the company TESCO.
These are various importance of operation management in the company TESCO-
Transformation of raw material into finished goods/services- the operation management
is important in the transformation of goods and services to the finished goods. There are many
rules and regulations operated in company TESCO which makes the manufacturing process easy.
The operation management is necessary for the production planning so that there is no wastage
of goods and services in the company TESCO. Through the operation management process the
leads of TESCO can manufacture the goods in the best allowable way and proper utilization of
the scare resources available (Boyle, 2016).
Process design- in this step operation management refers to the designing of various
plans and strategy by which the production process in the organization takes place. Through the
operation management there is proper utilization of all the resources to effectively produce a
product. The leader of operation management ensures the choosing of appropriate plans
according to the product manufactured in the company TESCO.
Control and distribution systems- through this process operation management ensures
that there is effective control on the production process of goods and services in the company
TESCO (Nakamura and et. al., 2015). Also the operation management helps in updating the
distribution system by efficiently distributing the goods and services according to their demands
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in the market. The leaders of Operation management determines the channels and modes through
which the product and services enters in the market.
TESCO being a big company requires proper operation management through the
transformation of goods and services, process designs and control distribution system. These all
are the main functions and importance of the operation management in the company TESCO.
With the effective operation management the company TESCO can achieve its organizational as
well as personal goals (Reim and et.al., 2016).
Value of operation management
Higher standard of living- With the operation management in the company TESCO there
is increase in the standard of living of the people associated with the company, as the company
ensures the proper allocation of resources resulting the earning more profit in the company. It is
the mission of Tesco to provide the best quality of goods and services to the customers.
Ability to increase productivity- the operation management increases the ability to
increase the productivity in the company TESCO. If the productivity of company is not effective,
they cannot achieve the organizational objectives.
Lower cost of goods and services- the operation management functions in the company
TESCO ensures that there is lower cost of production of goods and services. Tesco offer low cost
goods and services to customers so that they can raise the customer base in the market.
Better Quality Goods and services- with the effective utilization of the resources in the
company TESCO there is productions of better quality of goods and services in the company
(Brandon-Lai and et.al., 2016). This is the main objective of Tesco is to provide quality of goods
and services to the customer by which more and more customers are attracting towards the goods
and services of Tesco.
Concern for the environment- the operation management plans the functions in such a
way which focuses on the environment and imposes some procedures which effects the
environment in healthy way.
Recycling and concern for air and water quality- In TESCO there are using of
techniques through operation management which ensures that there is proper recycling of air and
water through the organization (Khlat and et. al., 2016).
Improved Working Conditions- there is sign of improvement with the effective operation
management in the company TESCO. Leaders ensures that the working receive the best working
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environment in order to produce great qualities of goods and services (Song and Huang, 2018) so
that organization can fulfills the objectives.
Better job design and employee participation- by the effective utilization of the human
capital through the operation management there is better job design and participation in TESCO.
Employees participation leads to innovation so it is very important to involve employees so that
there would be better design of job as well as employee participation.
The operation management influence the leaders and mangers by helping them in
increasing the leadership qualities and also the improvement in the management techniques of
mangers.
LO 4
P. 6 Factors that impact the operation management and decision making
Operations management is the governance of commercial enterprise practices creating the
very best stage of performance possible inside a business enterprise. However, it's miles worried
with changing materials and exertions into items and services as efficiently as viable to
maximize the earnings of an organization (Mahadevan,2015). Operations control teams try to
balance prices with revenue to gain the highest operating profit. However, there are various
factors that affects the operational management of TESCO and decision making process of the
leaders and managers.
Corporate objectives: As within all the functional departments, company's goals are the
most vital internal factors that influences the operational management of the TESCO wherein, an
operational management goal for e.g. higher production potential must now clash with a
company's objective e.g. the lowest unit costs. Thus, if the objectives clashes than it won't be
possible for the company to produce potential products at lower cost which in turn reduces the
profits of the company (Verma and et.al., 2017). The decisions of Leaders and managers within
organisation have to take effective decision on pricing of products and they have to make
balance in between the profitability of the company and consumer purchasing power.
Finance: This is the another component that influences the operation management of the
company, as this department of the company involve decision regarding the investment to made
and the cost of their production and these decisions are affected by the financial condition of the
company like profitability, cash flow, liquidity of the company etc., thus, such factors will
directly affects the operational management of the TESCO. For smooth functions of the
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organisation it is very important that leaders and managers should take effective decisions on
procurement of finance which is cost effective for the organisation.
Human resource: For TESCO, the fine and capability of the workforce is a key
component that affects the operational goals of the company. However, goals for productivity, as
an example, can be affected from the funding in education and the effectiveness of group of
workers planning. Thus, this factor impacts the decisions of leaders and managers of operational
management of the company if they won't have trained and capable employees to produce the
products.
Economic environment: This factor is important for the working of the operation
management of the TESCO, as surprising or brief-term changes in demand effect on capability
utilization, productiveness and so forth of the department which ultimately reduces the profits of
the TESCO. Thus, modifications in interest rates effect on the expenditure of financing capital
funding in operational management (Heizer and et.al., 2017). Leaders and Managers could look
over to raise the prices of products because consumers have capacity to buy the products.
Competitors: This factor is one of the most crucial component that impacts the decision
making process of the leaders and managers. However, the leaders are responsible for making
the strategies and managing those according to the competition that the company faces and
managers are responsible for monitoring those techniques, however, if the rival company of the
TESCO will produce new products then it will affect the decisions of the leaders and managers
to gain competitive advantage in the market place.
Social responsibility: This factor also affects the decisions of the leaders and managers of
the company as the TESCO has a responsibility towards the society to produce products
according to the needs and wants of the customers, thus, the leaders and managers frame policies
that work towards the fulfillment of society needs. However, if any demand or requirements of
the society changes then it will directly impacts the decisions of the leaders and managers and
they again have to frame the policies that are beneficial for the society (Khanna,2015).
Stakeholders: Further, every stakeholder of the Tesco like employee, shareholders,
customers etc, expect different return from the company and if the company do not satisfy the
needs and wants of the stakeholder and do not provide them adequate return on their investment
then the company won't be able to achieve their objectives which in turn leads to the loss of
operational management.
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Ethical practices: Tesco must adopt and participate in the ethical practices like involving
in the CSR activities that will benefit the society as whole , they should produce products with
minimum wastage of resources, the company should provide fair treatment to the employees
without any discrimination etc. However, if the company is not following the ethical practices
then they won't be able to achieve their goals and will impact the decision-making process of the
company which in turn leads to the loss of the company's revenue.
CONCLUSION
The report concludes that there is leadership and management in the organization TESCO
and both are important for the effective functioning of the company TESCO. The report
concludes that leaders are responsible for the motivation and guidance of the employees in the
company. Also the managers are responsible for the management of the operations in the
company TESCO. Also there is wide difference between the functions of leaders and managers.
Thereafter report states that there is system leadership, situational and contingency
leadership theory in the functioning of company. The report also states that there are JIT, TQM
and Kaizen theory approach which helps in the solving of problems in company TESCO.
Thereafter report states that operation management is an important functions in the
company TESCO. The operation management helps in the transformation of goods and services ,
control and distribution systems and process designing of the various goods and services in the
company TESCO.
Also the report states that there is value of operation management through the efficient
utilization of the resources, improved working conditions , better quality of goods and services
and increases in the ability to produce more goods and services in the company TESCO. The
report also states the relationship between leadership and management in the business
environment in TESCO.
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