Management & Operations.

Management &
Operations

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
TASK1.............................................................................................................................................1
P1. Definition and comparison of distinct roles and characteristics among managers and
leaders.........................................................................................................................................1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................3
P2. Examination of examples about the ways roles of leaders and managerial functions are
applied in distinct contexts of situations ....................................................................................3
P3 Apply various theories and models of approach including situational leadership, system
leadership and contingency.........................................................................................................4
TASK 3 ..........................................................................................................................................7
P4 Key approaches to operations management as well as role that leaders and managers play.7
P5 Importance and values of operation management ................................................................9
TASK 4 ...........................................................................................................................................1
P6 Evaluate factors within business environment which affect upon operational management
and decision making by leaders and managers...........................................................................1
CONCLUSION ..............................................................................................................................2
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................3

INTRODUCTION
Management in organisation can be define as that administration which is related to
managing the activities in organisation and establishing co-ordination in employees so that firm
can achieve its business objectives. Operations can be define as that part of organization which
includes activity related to managing the production process of organisation in relation to goods
and services of firm (Zejun, 2019). In this given report, chosen organisation is Tesco. It was
founded by Jack Cohen in 1919 as an tea selling company. It is British retail multinational
organisation which is selling its products and services in UK as well as other part of global
market. It is selling its goods and services in retail industry where organisation owns more than
3500 stores. In context to present report, it will consist of discussion on role and characteristics
of leader. These roles will also be discussed in relation to different situation in organisation. This
report will also consist of detail discussion on operation management in organisation and style of
leadership which can be use by firm while working in business market.
MAIN BODY
TASK1
P1. Definition and comparison of distinct roles and characteristics among managers and leaders
Leader
Leader can be defines as that in person in organisation who is responsibility for
managing , guiding, motivation and setting challenging goals and objectives in organisation to
achieve them in timely manner (Kamel, Rezk and Abdelkareem, 2020). In relation to TESCO,
leader in organisation focus on motivation and guiding employees towards the pre determined
goals and objective of organisation.
Manager
Manager in organisation can be define as that personal in organisation which is
responsible for managing the operation in organisation. The major role of manager in Tesco is to
planning, controlling, directing, monitoring and executing the different function. This is helpful
to firm in achieving its business objectives.
Differentiation among managers and leaders

Basis Manager Leader
Characteristics Their are various characteristic of
manager in organisation which are
mentioned below:
 Manager in organization always
focus on managing working
environment in organisation.
This helpful to firm in
increasing productivity an using
employees in effective manner.
(Hoang, 2020)
 One more character of manager
in organisation is to handle
pressure in difficult situation.
This is because manager has
experience in organisation
which is helpful to them in
dealing with pressure situation.
 Strong analytical ability is also a
character of manager in
organisation. This is because in
relation to Tesco, manager in
organisation is using various
approaches to use analytical
data and perform in effective
way by increasing profitably of
organisation.
In relation to TESCO, leader in
organisation play different
characteristics which are mentioned
below:
 Managing effective
communication is main
characteristic which is shown
by leaders in Tesco, this is
because manager use to
communicate with each and
every individual in
organization and supply
information in easy and
simple manner so that
employees can understand it.
 Learning abilities of leader is
also a characteristic which is
shown by leader in
organisation. Here leader
identify each and every
aspect of information and
react on it accordingly by
learning from part experience
(Kamel, Rezk and
Abdelkareem, 2020).
Roles In context of Tesco, there are various
roles which are played by manager and
Major role which are played by
leaders are mentioned below:
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are different from leader. Some of these
are discuses below:
prime role played by manager in
organisation is related managing daily
operations. Under this role manager use
to manage daily operational needs of
employee.
Staffing is also role which is performed
by manager in organisation. In this role
manager has to recruit the employees
vacant jobs by performing particular
process related to recruitment.
 maintaining employee
motivation in firm is the role
which is played by manager.
For this, leader in firm use
various approaches of
motivation as well as tolls
like monetary and non
monitory incentives in
organisation to motivate
employees.
 Leader also play role of
director in organisation.
Here, it use to provide
direction to employee for
achieving business objectives
by combing their
performance in coordinated
effort.
M1 Analyse and differentiate between the role of a leader and function of a manager by
effectively applying a range of theories and concepts.
Difference in roles of leader and functions of manager
Basis Role of leader Function of manager
Objectives Leader in organisation play
role related to creating vision
and performing function to
achieve business objectives.
Manager in organisation play
function related to achieving
objectives and goals by using
the resources.
Style Leader in organisation use
innovative approaches in
Manager in organisation use
regular approaches because
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organization. Therefore, leader
use transformational
approaches.
they use don't adopt changes in
effective manner.
Authority In relation to organisation, a
leader has higher authority in
comparison of manager. This
is because leader perform
functions which are related to
challenging decision and needs
high level of authority.
Manager has low level of
authority in organisation as
compare to leader.
Use of approaches In context of organisation al
leader always use various
approaches which are related
to achieving objectives in
mean time. Transformational
Leadership, Participatory
Leadership, Value-based
Leadership, Situational
Leadership and Servant
Leadership. These are some
styles which are followed by
leader in organization.
On the other side, manager in
organisation follows Scientific
Management approach,
Management Process or
Administrative Management
approach, Human Relations
approach, Behavioural Science
approach, Quantitative or,
Mathematical approach,
Systems approach.
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TASK 2
P2. Examination of examples about the ways roles of leaders and managerial functions are
applied in distinct contexts of situations
It can be seen in that manage and Leader are important in relation to managing operations in
firm . This is because both manager and leader are working towards achieving the goals and
objectives. Both play different roles ans responsibilities in relation to organisation for some
particular situation. All these roles and responsibilities are discussed below:
New product Launch: In relation to TESCO, organisation is operating in retail industry
where it is required by firm to develop products and services to satisfy the needs of customers.
Organisation is using this concept to develop its product and services in effective manner. In
context of this both manager and leader play important roles which are discussed below:
Role of leader: In this particular condition , leader in TESCO use to perform various roles.
The first role of leader it to motivate employees in relation to conduction of separate research for
products and service which will be lunch by organization. Secondly, leader will also
communicate information about product and services which includes shape,size ,quality and
various other aspect of product (Parisio, Rikos and Glielmo, 2016).
Function of manager: In relation to this situation manager in organisation will play different
roles. These are associated with managing the resource which are require to lunch the new
product and service within target market. It is mandatory in organisation to manage the resources
so that implementation of process related to lunching product and services can be completed in
efferent way.
Crisis Management: This is also a working environment situation which has to be face by
organisation while working in particular working environment. Under this situation, TESCO also
face crisis at the time of recession (Yim, Park and Nam, 2017). This is because organisation is
working in retail industry where sales of products and services get effected because of recession
in economy. Under this situation both leader and manager play different roles which are discuses
below:
 Role of Leader: In this situation leader play role of motivator where they have to
motivate employees towards the goals and objective and working hard. This is because at
the time of crises it is important for leader to retain employees and make them stratify
from there jobs. This will bring level of satisfaction in employees.
5

 Function of manager: Under this situation manager has to pay attention on different
aspects where it has to manage the resource, use effective pay and retain employees. This
is because by retaining employees will help organisation in good time to manage its
talented workforce and achieve targets inappropriate manner.
P3 Apply various theories and models of approach including situational leadership, system
leadership and contingency
There are different type of leadership styles and theories which can be use by
organisation like Tesco to manage its operations and achieving its business objectives. These are
also helpful in managing operations and achieving a separate business image in market. This
styles and theories can be use by manager in order to improve functioning of firm. Some of these
theories are mentioned below:
Situational approach
This leadership approach can be define as that kind of approach which includes
leadership by situation. Under this leadership approach, leader has to lead the organisation
according to current situation. Therefore, leader can use the style of leadership according to
needs and requirement ion a particular situation. In relation to TESCO, is is a suitable approach
to leader and management staff where they can take decision according to requirements
particular situation in organisation (He, 2018). This also useful to management staff where they
can use resource in appropriate manner according to availability. This approach bis consist of
different benefits and weakness. All these benefits and lose points of these system in relation to
Tesco are discussed below :
System approach
This approach is based in the concept to improve working ability of employees where
leader and manager has to follow a particular system in organization. This approach includes
various kind of management functions which are related to functioning of organisation. These
are motivation , management, planing, controlling and many more (Hasibuan, 2018). Under this
approach manager in organisation use various functions which are related to following a
particular system according to requirements of organisation and availability of resource. This
approach can also use by management staff in organisation in relation to management of
employees. This is because TESCO, is operating in industry where there is requirement to follow
6

fixed structure by organisation in relation to achieve its business objectives. This approach also
includes different strengths and weakness which are discussed below:
Contingency approach
In relation to this theory , it is based on business activities which are able of being
performed by business organisation./this is related to function of organisation in difficult or
changing situations. This theory includes that effective leadership can be establish in
organization by identification of particular situation where management in organization has to
work according to environment situation (Liu, 2018). In relation to Tesco, manager in
organisation can use this theory by examining there factors which impact on business
organisation and taking corrective action by identification of behaviour. This system is helpful to
organisation in achieving there business objectives and managing system according to current
situation as well as future of firm.
In can be evaluated that Tesco is performing its function in global level where it is
required by organization to follow situational leadership style. This is because it helps in
achieving business objectives and managing function of firm in effective manner and dealing
with market.
M2 Examine strengths and weaknesses to appraise different approaches to situations within the
work environment.
System approach
Strength
 This helps in allocation of to each and every member in organisation so that firm can
achieve maximum productivity.
 Following a particular approach in organisation will help firm in achieving its business
objectives in appropriate manner because it helps in improving decision making ability.
Weakness
 This system in organisation is directly related to using a particular system in firm which
is useful in managing the function by regular use of this system can impact negatively as
it can down the performer because in changes in tools and methods in business
environment (Konstantinopoulos, 2018).
7

 Using fixed system can also impact on organisation because business environment is
dynamic in nature which means it is changing regularly. This can impact negatively on
organisation.
Situational approach
Strength
 This approach helps the organisation and leader in managing the employees and resource
in accordance with particular situation which provides flexibility to leader in using the
resource in appropriate manner by minimum wastage. This approach of leadership is also helpful to organisation in improving decision-making
ability of organisation. This is because it helps firm in using decision at time of
application of new system.
Weakness
 This approach does not help organisation in achieving its business objectives because it
requires and experiences individual to perform various jobs in organization related to role
of leader and changing according to situation. If leader is not capable of understanding
the situation than it can impact negatively on attainment of goals and objectives (Li, Linn
and Chen, 2017).
 One more weakness of this approach is that it requires fast connection of information to
react on new situation in organisation. This make it difficult for leader to use effective
strategies because of rigid structure in organisation.
TASK 3
P4 Key approaches to operations management as well as role that leaders and managers play
Operations management- It can be define as that particular area in business organisation
which is related to management of organisation. This includes process related to production and
redesigning of system in relation to business operation. In this system, manager has the
responsibilities to manage functioning of organisation. This can be use for achieving business
objectives and maintain working environment suitable for different process. In relation to Tesco,
this system is use in organisation to make operational decision stronger and achievable by
management in firm so that it can archive business objectives in effective manner. There are
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number of products and services which are use to sell be Tesco in target market. All these are
included in this function of organisation (Shyamal and Swartz, 2019).
Approaches to operation management
 Six sigma - It is an mathematical approach which is use by firm in relation to operational
management in organisation. Under this approach organisation follow a process which is
related to elimination of waste of resource so that firm can minimise the cost of products
and services. In relation to Tesco, it also use six sigma approach in operational activities
of organisation. Under this firm use to minimising the wastage of resource by using them
in appropriate manner (Baumgarth, 2018). In relation to implementation of this approach
in organisation, management in firm can use tools and techniques in organisation. This is
liability of manager in organisation to manage the function and implement this function
to achieve maximum productivity by implementation of this concept. Under this
approach both leader and manager use to perform functions related to implementation of
approach in organisation. Manager helps in using resources and leader provide guidance
to employee.
 TQM – It is also known as Total Quality Management technique used to aid in attaining
the goals and objectives by maintaining the quality of their products and service. It is a
continuous development process used by organisation so that they can perform all their
function in a systematic way. In the present context of Morgan Motors, higher authorities
adopt this method in order to improve the quality of their products and services. On the
other hand, managers in this context provide sufficient information to their team
members about the business operations so that they will be able to attain their pre defined
targets (Rawat, 2019). Here, manager will perform role related to managing employees
and helping them in achieving best possible result. On the other side, leader motivate
employees to perform task related to TQM in effective manner.
 This is that system in organisation where management in firm tries to develop a proper
working environment which is associated with continuous improvement in function of
organisation which is required to improve customer services of organization. It is
mandatory to organisation to follow this concept because it help organisation in achieving
business objectives. This is also helpful to firm in managing functions and achieving
9

plinth in market. In context of Tesco , company can also use this system to achieve lager
cover of customer . This is because it help organisation in increasing customer base by
improving services of organisation.
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P5 Importance and values of operation management
Operations Management is a function of management which help in managing all the
business activities in such a manner that it will increase the effectiveness as well as leads towards
the attainment of objectives in an efficient manner. It consist of all those activities of conversion
of raw material into finish goods so that company will be able to gain high profits at the
competitive market. In reference of TESCO, it is said that company is highly efficient in
managing its operations as well as activities and provide high quality products to its consumers
in order to sustain for a long period of time at the competitive market place and attain high level
of customer satisfaction (Obrycki and Karlen, 2018)
Operations Management help an organization to conduct their function in an efficient
way and to achieve its objectives in an effective manner. Advantages of managing operational
functions are going to be discussed as follows:
Reduced Operating cost:
To achieve maximum profit and reduce down the cost incurred in production of goods
and service, it is essential to have good operation management system. It is not only to reduce
the functions cost but also enhance the efficiency of business activities and minimizing defects.
In context of TESCO, it has been analysed that company is able to earn maximum profit and
reduce down wastages due to its effective way to manage operations activities and functions.
Customer Satisfaction:
Customers are one of the most important stake holder of business as they play a
significant role in the success of organization. To sustain in the market and to remain ahead in
competition it is important to satisfy customers. In relation of TESCO, it is a retail giant,
delivering quality products to its consumers due to its efficient operations system. Therefore,
Managers of the company will be capable to retain their existing and loyal consumers as well as
attract new customers towards them.
Product Quality:
The main advantage of operational efficiency is to produce high quality products with
minimum defects and errors. Through continuous supervision and controlling, company can
ensure that there will be minimum variations in their pre-defined standards. With relation to
TESCO, it has been identified that they are facing high competition, which is crucial to deliver
good quality products in order to create a difference at the competitive market.
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Values of operations management:
Process Design:
To achieve organizational objectives which are to earn maximum profitability, minimize
cost, etc. Organization should focus on the efficiency of process design of converting inputs in
the desire outputs. If talking about process design of TESCO, that is effective and enable it to
achieve organizational objectives and succeed in the competitive market place.
Enhancement of competitive advantage:
In this competitive world, to sustain and grow company should have an USP and loyal
customer base. In context of TESCO, it has created positive brand value among its customers
who are loyal for the brand and do not switch over other brands like Sainsbury, Asda etc. as the
company is delivering value to its buyers that is giving an edge to the entity (Sheu, 2010).
Sustainability in business:
To stay among the competitors and in market place for a long time of period is called as
sustainability. In case of TESCO, it is difficult to sustain in the market as there are various other
competitors are present in market. With the help of efficient operations management system
company is able to make its goodwill and achieve the business goals in an efficient manner.
M3 Evaluate how leaders and managers can improve efficiencies of operational management to
successfully meet business objectives.
There are different means which can be use by manager and leader in organisation to improve
productivity and manage different operation in relation to organisation. Some of these are
discussed below:
Regular meetings: It is effective way which can be use by both manager and leader to
conducting regular meeting. This is helpful in managing the working environment by managing
employee performance. These meeting includes all those discussions which are related to
performance of employees and current situation of organization.
Open communication: This is also evaluated the communication play important role in
achieving goals and objectives of organisation. This is because by management of
communication in open way, both leader and manager can perform there job and use it to
achieve business objectives. This will also increase productivity as fast supply of information.
12

It can be evaluated that these are some roles and responsibility which are played by
manager and leader in firm. This is effective to firm in achieving business objectives and
managing the operation for better productivity and profitability.
13

TASK 4
P6 Evaluate factors within business environment which affect upon operational management and
decision making by leaders and managers
In relation to organisation there are various factors which are impacting the business.
These factors can divided in internal and external factor. In context of Tesco, these factors are
discussed below:
Internal factors: It includes factor which impact organisation from inside. These can be easily
controlled by organisation to achieve its business objectives. Some of these are stated below:
 Corporate social responsibility – It is that factor which impact organisation in direct
way. It is important for organisation to fulfil its needs and requirement of society to
minimising the impact of CSR. This is done by organisation in relation supporting
society by increasing standard of living. Under this system, both leader and manager play
important role in organisation. This is beca6yuse leader identify the area where
organisation can full fill its role related to achivement of CSR objectives. On the other
side, manager also manage resource which are require to full fill the neds and
requirements related to CSR (Subramanian and Ramanathan, 2012). This directly impact
the business decision making ability because it is directly related to performance of firm
in market. If organisation use to full fill its CSR then it will befit organisation in
managing its function related to building image In market and using this for benefit of
organisation. Using the concept of CSR also helps in identification of current trends in
market and suing these trends in achieving business objectives. Business ethics – It is also important factor which impact organisation. Under this,
manager and leaders has to perform similar function to identify the ethical practices by
organisation. In relation to Tesco, manager in firm use to check that all employees are
performing their function bin ethical way to achieve business objectives in complete and
timely manner.
External factors: it includes those factors which will impact on decision making ability of
manager from the outside organization. These are important factors on which organisation has
control. These can be manage by making effective polices and strategy which has to be follow by
organisation in regular manner. In relation to Tesco. These factors are current trends in society,
political environment, Technological changes, environment challenges and many more.

It can e seen from above that organisation can use these factor to achieve business
objective and manage success in current business by making effective strategy to achieve
business objectives.
CONCLUSION
It can be summarised from above mentioned study that there are various functions which
has to be use by organisation to manage the operations . In relation to current situation , it can be
seen that manager and leaders play different roles in organisation . This is helpful to firm in
achieving its business objectives. It can also seen that this can be applied to different business
situation like lunching on new product and many more. Leadership is also important to
organisation, this is because it helps firm in managing its operations and achieving goals in
effective and timely manner by proper implementation. In the end it can be seen that, for
implementation of operational management organisation can use TQM and various other
approaches which are mentioned above to achieve its business goals.

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