Organisational Behaviour

Organizational Behavior

Table of Contents
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
Activity 1................................................................................................................................3
Handy’s typology theory........................................................................................................3
Nature of power in the Ryanair organization-........................................................................4
Political behavior of managers of Ryanair airline..................................................................5
Activity 2.........................................................................................................................................6
Content Theories....................................................................................................................6
Process Theories...................................................................................................................11
Activity 3.......................................................................................................................................12
Critically analyze how path-goal theory and an understanding of resistance to change, given
the planned structural changes, could improve performance and productivity in Ryanair. 15
Recommendation..................................................................................................................16
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................16
REFERENCE.................................................................................................................................17

INTRODUCTION
Organizational behaviour is the best concept to identify the individual and group activity
and performance in the organization. Organization behavior includes the prediction, control and
understating of human behavior in the company. It also determines the effectiveness of the
human behavior in the work environment and its huge impacts on performances, job structure,
leadership, motivation and communication. Ryanair is an Irish airline founded in 1984. it is a
budget and low cost airline and based in London and Dublin airport. This report will include the
Ryanair's organizational culture such as Handy's typology and the nature of power and political
behavior of the company's management and its huge impacts on the behaviors and feelings of
staff and their performances. This report will also highlight the evaluation of content and process
theories of motivation. This report will also stats the team theory such as Belbin's team types and
Tuckman and Jensen's group development model and also include path-goal theory and its
impacts on improving the productivity and performance in Ryanair.
MAIN BODY
Activity 1
Organizational culture is a effective system of values, beliefs and shared assumptions
which directs the people behavior in the organization. Companies like Ryanair usually try to
develop develop effective organizational culture to encourages their employees and workers
(Chumg and et.al., 2016). It strongly promotes the organization's employees to enhance their
performances and act or perform according to their job. We can also discuses the organizational
culture through the main theory-
Handy’s typology theory
In this theory, four kinds of organizational culture provided by Charles handy. According
to the Handy, four types of organizational culture follows by the companies such as power
culture, task culture, person culture and role culture. Ryanair adopted task culture in their
organization and create effective results from it.
Task culture – Task cultures is the form when a team within the organization are formed
to address specific problems or progress projects. In other words, task plays a most important
role within the organization which shift the individual power within the organization. The whole
team of the Ryanair are formed and divided to solve complex issues and critical problems and
achieve the targets of company. According to the specific task, the organizational team are

formed. In such, Ryanair's individual with their common objectives and interests come together
to establish a team. The organization divided the team members according to their specifications
and interest and allotted them a specific task. This process helps the organization to enhance
productivity and efficiency of an employee (Coccia., 2015). In each team at least five to six
members are allotted that has common goal. This culture improves the productivity in the
organization because all the team members will contribute equally and conducting their activities
in a very effective and innovative way. The task culture in the organization can create a effective
platform for the employees to conduct their operations and activities effectively. It promotes the
employees for efficiency work and also increase their work effectiveness. The effective task-
culture in the Ryanair organization will specify all the tasks to the interested and active
employees. By which company can enhance its productivity and profitability (Kitchin., 2017). It
will also promote the organization at a next level. With the application of that theory, Ryanair
organization can reduced many unnecessary costs and expenses. In Ryanair the organization
culture use is Task Culture which is explained above. This culture is followed in the organization
to maintain effective performance of organization in target market with their current policies.
This process will help the organization to maintain the organization performance iin organization
as per the strategies that are selected by company.
Nature of power in the Ryanair organization-
French and Raven’s power includes coercive power, reward power, legitimate power,
referent power and expert power.
Reward Power
Ryanair airline uses reward power in their organization. Reward power includes the ability of a
people to conduct best performances in the organization and received awards in return. The
managers of the Ryanair airline reward and value their subordinates that ware generating best
results for the organization, for example managers provide incentives to their employees for their
extra ordinary performance in organization performance.. It is the best idea of a company to
encourage and inspire the individual towards the business success and goals. The rewards may
be in various type such as compliments and promotions. The effective rewards and promotion
can enhance the productivity and performances of the employee it can also create a positive
environment within the organization and develops an efficiency work culture.
Coercive Power

This power is about threatening employees from punishment in order to improve their
performance in different teams. This thing force the employees to perform heir tasks with higher
effectiveness.
Legitimate Power
This power is about force and encouragement generated by senior leaders in hierarchy on
their juniors. In this power people use authority to force the people to complete their work
seriously.
Reference Power
Reference power is related to the practical influence of effective leaders on other
employees in organization. By this positive personality of leader people get motivated to perform
effectively.
Expert Power
This is basic behaviour to follow those people who possess higher knowledge and
information. This knowledge and expertise encourage the employees to perform effectively.
The main issue will create in the reward power, when the particular reward doesn't satisfy
the individual and when the reward doesn't created a enough value for the person (Majumdar.,
2018).
Political behavior of managers of Ryanair airline
The Ryanair managers includes the modernization and democratization theory in their
political behaviour. It is most powerful concept to enhance the political behaviour of a manager.
This theory is fully concerned on the connection between political system and political culture of
the country. The political culture is wholly dependent on the economic, social and historical
condition of a nation.
The managers of the Ryanair organization adopt the modernization and democratization
in enhance their political behaviour. The political behaviour of the Ryanair's managers can
explain the variances that describe a individual's political view. Political behaviour is a great
aspect by which person can try to influence or also influenced by others political view. It is part
of human behaviour and political behaviour also includes powers and politics.
The managers of Ryanair airline are indulged in the political aspects. If the Ryanair's
policies become unofficial, informal and diversely effects the organization's performance than
manager of the organization by their political behaviour try to remove that error (Avota,

McFadzean and Peiseniece., 2015). For example in different condition manager of organization
include employees in decision making process to take effective decision in order to improve
operations of organization. The political behaviour of the managers provides an organization an
effective work culture and positive environment. With the political skills and awareness,
managers can protect the organization from various political issues. The political knowledge and
skill of the managers can ensure the organization by removing several political factors. Strong
political behaviour of the managers build a great platform for the organization to conduct many
internal and external activities.
Activity 2
Employee Motivation
This is important for organization to keep their employees motivated in order to
encourage them to give their best for organization. Currently Ryanair is facing issue with its
performance in the global market. People are not satisfied with the services which are airline.
The main reason behind this is, motivation level of employees. It is important for organization to
use various practices and theories to get better result with its performance in the market place.
There are different theories of motivation that can be used by the Ryanair to improve the
motivation level of their employees. These theories of motivation are classified in two parts
which are- process theories and content theory (Walker, 2016). Process theories are focused on
what to do in order to improve the motivation level of employees and process theories are
focused on how to improve the motivation level of employees.
Content Theories
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Maslow has defined some of most important needs of employees that are crucial for their
motivation with in work place. These needs are defined on different level of a pyramid. The
basic need of employees are explained form bottom to Top. On base level needs are basic type
and on the top needs are more complex for organization to full fill.

All different needs of organization are classified in different types in the pyramid. The
order of needs starts with Physiological needs, safety and security needs, belongingness and love,
self esteem and self actualization. These needs can be explained as-
Physiological needs
Theses are most common needs that are required for the survival of person. It includes
different facilities and resources which are- Air, Water and food. This is not possible for person
to live without these things. This needs are considered as the most basic type of needs but these
are most important for people (Bosse and at.el., 2017). This is important for organization to full
fill these need of individual employee to motivate them. Organization can full fill these needs by
providing better facilities to employees.
For example they can provide mineral water, canteen and pollution free environment to
employees to keep them healthy. This will help the Ryanair to motivate their employees.
Safety and Security
Ill
ustration 1: Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
(Source: Motivation theories, 2019)

This need can be explained from two perspectives. One is their safety regarding job and
other one is their physical safety. If employees are feeling safe in both these perspectives than it
will encourage them to stay motivated and loyal to organization.
Ryanair can use different technical measures to keep their employees safe from hazards.
For example risk management system can help them to avoid any danger on the work place. On
the other end, their safety for job, can be full filled by involving them in the operation and
management of Ryanair (Whittingham, 2018). This will help them to feel as an important part of
organization and this is how employees can be motivated by these activities.
Belongingness Needs
Needs that are considered in this category can be explained as the emotional needs of
employee. These needs are complex to understand. There are various methods that can be used to
meet these needs of employees to keep them motivated. If employees are emotionally satisfied
on the work place than their moral will be high enough to boost their performance in
organization.
To improve their motivation level Ryanair can offer more comfortable work place
environment to employees. Good work place environment and better bonding between the
employees will be very effective to meet these requirements.
Self Esteem
The needs that are related to the reputation of the employees in the organization are most
important for them. All the employees want from management is to recognise them and consider
their work and dedication for organization (Bowman, 2017). This is respect for their work form
management and leadership side can motivate them to work with 100 % efforts.
To full fill these needs of employees Ryanair can provide promotion and reward to praise
their work in organization. By they will feel confident in company and this will motivate to
improve their efforts for organization.
Self Actualization
This is the need of employees which is connected to their abilities. They are not aware of
some skills that they possess. By making them aware of those skills and abilities organization
can motivate them. By this realization they will be encouraged to give their best for organization.
Ryanair can track employees activity and performance to evaluate and improve their skills. This
is how company can improve motivation level of employees.

There are different activities are used by the organization to motivate their employees.
The needs that are achievable for Ryanair, are used by them to encourage their employees. For
example physiological needs, self esteem needs, emotional need are focused by company. All
above factors are need to be ensured by organization to maintain effective performance in
European market.
Herzberg's Two Factor Theory
In this theory there are two factors are considered by Herzberg which are Motivation
factors and Hygiene factors. Motivation factor are the factor that improve the satisfaction of
employee in organization and Hygiene factors are the factors that reduce the satisfaction level of
employees in organization (Moser, 2018). For Ryanair these both factor are important. As their
performance if declining they need to improve employee motivation and satisfaction to provide
better services to the employees.
Motivating Factors
The motivating factors are consists of factors which are- achievements, recognition,
work, responsibilities, advancements and growth. These all factors are important for the
performance of individual employee.
Achievement
The achievement made by employee can improve their confidence and motivation level.
These achievements of individual employees can act as motivating factor (Anderson and Sun,
2017). By considering these achievements and praising them Ryanair can improve their
motivation level.
Recognition
By considering the performance of employees Ryanair can encourage the employees to
perform even better. Recognition can be provided with reward to develop positive outcomes.
Work
If the work perform by employees is interesting and good for employee that it can be
used as motivating factor for them. In this case Ryanair should use the interest of employee to
improve their performance.
Responsibility
The performance of person can be improved by the providing them with responsibilities.
By providing higher responsibilities to employee will make them more concern about their work,

and they will take it more seriously (Flores-Parra, and at.el., 2018). This is how by increasing
responsibilities motivation level of employees can be improved.
Advancement
This is all about providing responsibilities to individual person to improve their
performance. High opportunities will provide better options to person and this will encourage
them to convert these opportunities to gain success in organization.
Growth
If employees of Ryanair are considering their growth in organization then it can be used
as motivational factor (Irving,, 2016). Company can provide continuous growth to employees to
keep the=m satisfied with their work and position in organization.
Hygiene Factors
These factors are considered as factors which can reduce the motivation level of
employees in organization. There are some factors presents in the organization that can reduce
the morals of company workers. Company policies, supervision, relationship, work conditions,
remuneration, salary and security are factors which are considered as factor that can affect the
motivation of employees.
Company Policies
Companies should have use better policies which are clear and fair for the employees
(Rana, K'Aol and Kirubi, 2019). It is important to keep these policies equivalent to the
competitors to retain the employees for longer time.
Supervision
Fair and appropriate supervision can improve the motivation level of employees. This
will also provide them better guidance to perform even more better in organization.
Relationship
This is about creating better work place. There should be no tolerance for discrimination
and bullying in organization to keep work place environment healthy for employees.
Work Conditions
By keeping work place and work environment safe and secure for employees Ryanair can
improve their motivation level to boost their performance.
Salary

The payment method that are used in the organization should be fair enough to satisfy the
employees. The salary standard that are used for organization should be competitive with other
companies to provide higher satisfaction to employees.
Status and Security
The status of employee should be clear and fair as compared to other employees. This
equal behaviour of organization can keep employees motivated and encourages to perform better
(Lynch, and at.el., 2018). By providing better security safety to employees regarding their job
will help Ryanair to improve employees motivation. For different organization the combination
of this hygiene factor and motivation factor are different. By considering this factors
organization can motivate the employees. This high motivation is important to improve the
satisfaction level of employees. This high satisfaction that is achieved by employees can make
them loyal to company.
The ideal situation to improve the motivation level of employees is high hygiene and high
motivation. By this strategy Ryanair can provide better opportunity to employees in order to
motivate them. On the basis of motivational and hygiene factors organization can define specific
theories which are important for the organization to keep motivating their employees.
Process Theories
Process theories are based on the procedures that can be used by the organization to
improve the motivation level of employees (Senaratne and Gunawardane, 2015). There are two
theories that can be utilized by Ryanair are Skinner's Reinforcement theory and goal setting
theory.
Skinner's Reinforcement Theory
The reinforcement theory is all about the response of senior person on the actions of the
employees. There are two types of reinforcement by organization. One is positive reinforcement
and other one is negative reinforcement (Domingues, Vieira and Agnihotri, 2017). The approach
used by the seniors is based on the performance of employees and result of their actions.
Positive Reinforcement
If the actions of the employee are positive for organization and if employees are
performing good in organization then their seniors used to provide them reward, praising, and
promotions. This is how organization consider the efforts of the employees. By this positive
attitude of seniors and managers can motivate employees perform much better in organization

(Omar, and at. el., 2016). This is Ryanair can use positive reinforcement to motivate their
employees to improve staff retention.
Negative Reinforcement
The negative reinforcement is just opposite of the positive reinforcement. In this type of
reinforcement management of organization used to punish the employees on their wrong
behaviour in organization. If employees are not working effectively than it is duty of senior
managers to punish or threatened them to improve their work. This is how Ryanair can use
negative reinforcement to ensure the performance of employees.
This is how Ryanair can use both positive and negative motivation to get better
performance by motivating them to perform better.
Locke's Goal Setting Theory
According to this theory goals that are set by individual person and organization can be
use as motivation factors (Drury, 2018). By setting challenging goals organization can encourage
the employees to meet the requirements. This is how goals can motivate person to perform
better. There are different ways to set goal for employees and different things need be
considering while setting goals for organization. First step is setting attainable goals which are
easy to achieve. By setting specific and measurable goals Ryanair can keep their employees
focused towards the goals. By committing with the organization goal higher motivation can be
[provided to the employees. This commitment will enable them to put more effort to perform
better. This is how employees of organization can be motivated (Achin Tengtrakul and
Fernando, 2016). This motivation can be more improved by providing supporting element. By
providing better knowledge of final result Ryanair can motivate their employees.
This is how by using different type of process and content theory Ryanair can improve
the motivation level of employees. Ryanair is working on these policies and strategies to
improve the motivation of their employees. They are keep developing practices that can improve
their performance in market place.
Activity 3
The Ryanair Flights are the largest budget airlines in London, UK. It holds the large
market share of airline industry. It works on low cost strategy, it provides the tickets at low
prices to their passengers. But now the Ryanair Flights decided to change its corporate structure,

it is overseeing on small management teams so their subsidiaries are Ryanair DAC;
Laudamotion; Ryanair Sun;
Ryanair UK. All these are part of the same organization Ryanair but now converted into small
management teams. So the Ryanair have to plan their management and teams to work and
manage their subsidiaries. It follows the Tuckman's theory of the team building so the teamwork
will workout, and they will be more successful( Walker, T.L., 2016).
As the Ryanair starts to build their team, its first stage of building the team formation, or
according to Tuckman Forming. The people in the team, would communicate with each other in
the team, why they are here, what are they doing in the team. The people can't be gathered as
team firstly, it takes time. So Ryanair have to take patience. As it is new for them. Next stage is
Storming, the team members will get to know about the team members, might be they challenge
their colleagues in respect to do the work, even their team leader also have to involve in this,
they give suggestions about the work, as they see themselves the part of the team, Ryanair should
arrange the introductory sessions, parties for their employees so that they get close to each other,
Ryanair is working in the airlines industry since 1984, now when it comes with flat system of the
management it would take time, and the bosses should be generous with their employees and
they have to have become flexible with their employees(Whittingham, M., 2018). It will lead to
the third stage of the Tuckman's theory Norming, the team will make their understanding with
each other, they come together as team, they will discuss their strategies of working with each
other. Employees will listen to their team leaders and find the solution of the problem with
mutual understanding, they will establish the ground rules, developing processes, their roles and
responsibilities. Which help the Ryanair flights in communication, making better relationship
within the organization. The Ryanair will work with more enthusiasm as the team working is
enhancing day by day. Then comes on the fourth stage Performing, The performance of the
employees is increased, they will do the work with more focus on the tasks, with their
relationship in the team. When it combines it represents the good environment of workplace, the
work is done in organized way. Ryanair employees work together so it enhances their
performance as it leads to customers satisfaction, because they will try to provide better services
and good facilities to their passenger, and they will be more alert for the emergencies as they
have good communication between the teams and the team members. Ryanair will be able to
become more famous in the airlines industry, as passenger likes and appreciate their services,

their popularity will be increased among the public. And the public will choose their brand to fly.
But according to the Tuckman's fifth stage of team building is Adjourning, which means the
deforming of the team, so Ryanair have to analyze the factors about the team which are currently
working together is perfect or not, the team members are not supporting to each other, the team
members does not listen to the leaders, so to rearrange the team or introduce some new team
members in the team is needed, Ryanair would have the backup for the management, and they
should take care of the new teams, so that their work should not hamper and their business would
not suffer(Bowman, H.W., 2017).
Ryanair follows the Belbin's theory about the team types, as they think to work in small
managements, the new teams is formed but for effective working of the new teams they should
choose the perfect team leaders and team members. According to Belbin there are many types of
the team, also these team types has their own strengths and weaknesses, firstly the Teamworker
who considers the task, identify the task, what strategies to follow in the task and then
completion of the task on time. Ryanair need to consider these type of the team workers for their
company because this will help to do the task properly with the given guidelines and handling of
the task on carefully and managing the team with proper communication(Lynch, D.S., and at.el.,
2018). Now the Belbin suggests Co-ordinator team type which has the ability to work with
confidence, they focus on the team's objective, draw out the team members, and do work
appropriately. They are mature kind of, clarifies their goals, identifies the talent. Ryanair needs
such type of team so that they could maintain the proper coordination between the team as they
appoint the team who co-ordinate with each other in systematic way, so they would not suffer
from any problems. Belbin's represent the team type which are Shaper, these type of the team
leaders provides the required drive to ensure that the team is working properly, they don't lose
their focus, the team should keep moving on with their task. The work should not be suffered, the
handles the pressure of the work, they face challenges, they have courage to come out from the
problems. Ryanair consider these type of the team for their small management, if any problem
would be arisen the team leader should be able to decision accordingly and would not wait for
the upper authorities guideline, as it posses sensible behaviour towards the organization(Omar,
M., and at.el., 2016). Next is Completer Finisher, who works precisely, They work in this way,
the team members have done their job now they will polish and scrutinize the work for errors.
They just work to maintain the quality standards, they have quality control on the work. The

Ryanair flights appoint these kinds of employees in the organization so that they can give
finishing to the work, the customers service will be handled by them properly, and they provide
the customer satisfaction which leads the company to make profits(Drury, C.G., 2018).
Critically analyze how path-goal theory and an understanding of resistance to change, given the
planned structural changes, could improve performance and productivity in Ryanair.
As the Ryanair flights take the decision to use the different corporate structure and work
in small units of their business, like they divide their one management in small according to the
region so that there may be very hard situation for the Ryanair flights to settle down according to
the new environment. Ryanair follows the Tuckman's theory and Belbin's team types for making
their new managements work out. Now they use the principles of Path Goal theory in their
business, this theory is about the leadership styles and behaviour of the individual in the
workplace which suits the employees and working environment to achieve the goals of the
organization and it will increase the motivation in the employees, satisfaction, empower the
strength of the employees. Ryanair needs the employees who work with focus and full
dedication, so the path goal theory would be best fit because its the process in which leader
analyse the behavior which best suited to the employees need and working environment so that
the leader guide the employees in direction to work accordingly and to achieve the
goals(Anderson, M.H. and Sun, P.Y., 2017).
Employee will see the leader's behaviour for them, if the leader will give priority to the
employees, they behave good enough with the employees. So that leader motivates their
employees. Work and environment of the organization should be considered by the leader, the
leader should support their employees in their task, paying formal authority on the task given to
the employee and help the employees. Consideration of the leader towards the employees will
build respect and trust among the employees. Initiation structure in which the leader should
analyse the condition of the working environment, according to that it should organize, schedule
and look out the work completion. Ryanair gives full attention to their small units of organization
so that their work is not hampered, they hire the employees according to their previous
experiences, and they appoint such people who have good communication skills, and they posses
supportive, directive, participative, and achiever kind of leaders for their organization (Rana, R.,
K'Aol, G. and Kirubi, M., 2019). The leaders they appoint for their management teams are

supportive for their employees, they understand their problem and reliable for them. The
employees get motivation from such things, they will work with happiness, also if the leader also
participate in the team work and reach to their goals , the employees will appreciate their leaders
effort. Ryanair appoint such employees in their organization it will lead to generate more
revenue from their previous condition. It enhances their productivity as employees work with
more dedication and customer satisfy with their services. It will be surely proved a good and
effective way to achieve the goals.
For example managers and leaders of company implement different practices like
training & development and gaming sessions to improve the team relation and bonding to
improve the over all performance of employees.
Recommendation
In order to recommend some strategies to the company it is required to better understand
the goals and services to be better understand the goals and objectives. In order to to have the
positive behaviour among employees. Ryanair should apply some creative strategical goals and
also make employees motivated and happy with the services of the organization. Also, Ryanair
should make sure the proper employee training and development session to make sure the
customer satisfaction as well.
CONCLUSION
This report is concluding the importance of organization behaviour study which can help
Ryanair to improve their business performance in current market. The impact and influence of
organization culture has been studied in report to evaluate its impact on the performance of the
organization. The impact of politics and power also has been studied in report to understand their
impact on the performance of individual employees and team. Various possible organizational
cultures has been analysed to find the best suitable organization culture to improve the
performance of Ryanair. Different motivation theories also has been analysed to improve the
performance of employees in Ryanair to improve the condition of company in market place.
Effective team are important to for the performance of organization. Belbins and Tuckmen's
theory of them building has been studied to manage teams in company. Various concepts and
philosophies of organizational behaviour has been studied in organization to improve the market
condition of Ryanair.

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