Impact of Leadership on Employee Behavior

This assignment delves into the impact of leadership on employee behavior. It examines the relationship between ethical leadership, follower self-esteem, and organizational citizenship behavior. The analysis draws upon various theoretical frameworks and empirical research to understand how different leadership styles influence employee actions and attitudes within an organization.

ORGANISATIONAL
BEHAVIOUR

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1 Organisational culture, politics and power and its influence on individual and team
behaviour and performance.........................................................................................................1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
P2 Content and process theories of motivation and it motivational techniques for achieving
goals and objectives....................................................................................................................4
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................7
P3 Effective team as opposed to an ineffective team..................................................................7
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................9
P4 Concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour within a company as per different
situations.....................................................................................................................................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Organisational behaviour(OB) is defined as a study that is used by company in order to
know the behaviour of workers who are working in a firm. Thus, OB is incorporated so as to
increase output because of which enterprise can enhance its profitability and productivity (Ates
and Bititci, 2011). Therefore, organisational behaviour is determined as a study through which
human behaviour towards a company is analysed. A David & Co. Limited which deals in Food
and Beverages is taken in this report. Company is delivering fresh products and ingredients to
its clients. Present assignment will focus on organisational culture, politics and power along with
its influence on behaviour of team and individual is mentioned in this assignment. In addition to
this, content and process theories of motivation are explained in this report. Other than this,
effective team as opposed to an ineffective team is mentioned in this report in order to
understand hoe to build an proper team for achieving set targets. Lastly, concepts and
philosophies of organisational behaviour in an organisation in context with different situation is
mentioned.
TASK 1
P1 Organisational culture, politics and power and its influence on individual and team behaviour
and performance
Organisational behaviour plays an important role in a company and assist firm in creating
an effective environment at workplace so that employees can perform their task in a proper
manner. Each company has their own culture which provide comfort to workers that further
assist company in attaining set targets and objectives in a speculated time frame. Superiors and
managers plays a crucial role as they are the one who assign roles and responsibilities according
to skills and knowledge an individual and team acquire (Avey, Palanski and Walumbwa, 2011).
Therefore, it is crucial for companies to monitor behaviour of employees so that effective
strategies can be applied for better growth.
Culture:
In simple terms culture is how an individual behave in a society as a whole. Whereas in
relation with company it is totally different as it is a unique set of values and beliefs which h a
person acquire and behave while doing business. A David & Co. Limited has around 300
members who are performing their task in order to provide maximum benefits to company in
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terms of sales and profitability. Firm is providing an effective work place where workers can use
their innovative minds for doing experiments with their food. Further the concept of culture can
be understood with the help of typologies given by Charles Handy:
Power culture: In some company there is a tendency that power remains in the hands of
only few individuals and they are the one who take entire decision of firm and its activities.
These people are provided with the special privileges and further allocate responsibilities to other
staff members. If power culture is adopted in an organisation than workers will have no other
options but to follow instruction given by superiors. Employees don't have any kind of liberty in
using their views and thoughts sin conferences or an open forum. For example: Power culture for
instance can provide maximum benefits to organisation but employees can feel unrest and
environment of workplace can gets disturbed (Boje, Burnes and Hassard, 2011). In present
context, A David & Co. Limited have kept its focus over power culture but it was required for
them to follow much more liberal culture.
Role culture: Under this, every individual is provided with roles and responsibilities as
per their specialisation, education qualification and interest. This assist firm in extracting best
from an individual. Therefore, working in such culture provides freedom of accepting challenges
and for their work every person is accountable of what he/she does. Henceforth, it is one of the
effective culture which each company should adopt because power comes with responsibility if
an individual is provided with such culture at workplace. For example: if every person is
provided with their specific role than outcomes will be better and in favour of A David & Co.
Limited's benefits and in terms of an individual it will keep their morale high.
Task culture: In this, firm build team for achieving certain targets or to resolve some
critical problems. Thus, for making a team it is required that people have common specialisation
and interest and every person contribute his/her part equally for attaining set goals and objectives
in a speculated time frame (Bolino and et. al., 2013). A David & Co. Limited needs to follow
this culture as per the requirements of goals and objectives.
Person culture: A David & Co. Limited in which employees feel themselves as more
important rather than company. They don't show their active participation in activities that are
being done in a company and instead sit back and come to office for the sake of money. These
kind of people don't favour company and never take their roles and responsibilities. For example:
If mangers are given with a task which have to be performed in a limited time frame than such
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individual who are keen interested in performing task can create problems and work may gets
hampered. It may consume time and cost because of which team will eventually suffer.
Politics:
Workplace politics is very common in every organisation as this starts because of human
tendency and clashes between employees. Mainly the term politics represent a negative
impression on people's minds and most of the employees perform this so as to sustain a better
position in an organisation. Instead of using such tactics for getting into a better position an
individual can work hard in order to get suitable outcomes in return. In context with A David &
Co. Limited, impact of politics at workplace are explained below for better understanding:
Decrease in productivity: Issues and problems between employees can for instance
decrease the productivity level of an organisation. This will gradually put an impact on the
performance of an individual. Other than this, if an employee doesn't have appropriate
knowledge about work can be one of the reason for less productivity. The person may feel less
confident which can have an effect on work he/she is performing. Further an individual who is
associated with the team can create problem for them in executing plans in a better manner. For
example: Manager assign a task to a team and because he/she is not having proper skills for
executing task in a better manner it will decrease productivity level of A David & Co. Limited.
Increase in stress level: Tension at workplace may gradually increase stress level in an
individual. In addition to this, if employees are not given better workplace can lead to enhance in
stress level. Mixing of personal and professional life is one of the main reason of therefore, it is
crucial that an individual keep both the things separate. For example: if workers are given
particular task and it is not being completed within time frame than it will gradually increase
stress level in an individual and team members as well (Carpenter, Berry and Houston, 2014). It
is required for manager and leaders of A David & Co. Limited to make policies so that to reduce
stress level amongst employees of this company.
Power:
Power in simple terms define as an ability of an individual how he/she influence other
person with his/her action. For those who have power for them knowledge and expertise is
determined as a main element which are possessed by an individual. Moreover power can be
positive and negative in nature and it depends upon person how he /she is using it. In context
with A David & Co. Limited, they have incorporated various powers which are given below:
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Reward Power: This is simply posses by managers in which they have the power of
rewarding an employee in order to appreciate act performed by an individual. This can be given
in the form of increased salary, bonuses, certificates, gifts etc., For example: XYZ for
completing the task in a given time frame because of which company gets some sort of benefits
managers decided to reward him/her with bonus. With the help of this, A David & Co. Limited
may motivate their staff members.
Legitimate Power: This is a kind of power which is used by a person who is in a formal
position in office. Basically most of the legitimate power is based on perception and reality.
Therefore, legitimate power is known as a power that comes from higher authority and it is
provided to an individual because of the position in which he/she is in a company. For example:
President of A David & Co. Limited has certain powers because he/she holds a particular
position at in an organisation.
Expert Power: This is known as the power of knowledge and it comes with experience. If
a person can influence behaviour of other person than he/she possess expert power and they have
appropriate knowledge and skills to guide people. For example: Senior manager of A David &
Co. Limited who is working in an organisation for more than 10 years can be consider as a man
having expert power.
Coercive Power: It is termed as an ability through which manager force a worker to
follow order. Superiors under this, can take out their work either by threatening their workers or
by punishment in order to complete the task (Choi, 2011). For example: If a worker is not doing
task in a better manner than managers can cut down their payments. If managers of A David &
Co. Limited follows this then it may bring conflicts amongst employees and superiors.
Therefore, all the above mentioned points can have some effects on the performance of
an individual and team as well. So, it is necessary that A David & Co. Limited focus on three of
the factors i.e. culture, politics and power so that business is conducted in an effective manner.
TASK 2
P2 Content and process theories of motivation and it motivational techniques for achieving goals
and objectives
Workers working in an organisation needs motivation at different level in order to
perform their activities in an appropriate manner (Colquitt and et. al., 2011). This develops a
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feeling of belongingness with the organisation if employees are appreciated and encouraged on a
regular basis. In context with A David Co. Limited, for encouraging its employees managers has
incorporated content theory that mainly throw light on factors which are influencing behaviour
of an individual. Whereas process theories includes ideas through which company can develop
in term of business. Other than this, Maslow and Herzberg's theories are explained below:
Content theory: It explains about the factors of why human needs change with the course
of time. This was basically given by David McClelland, Abraham Maslow and both theories are
explained below in a better manner.
Maslow Theory:
Physiological Needs: This stage includes factors that are essential for living and it
includes biological requirements like food, shelter, clothes etc., as these are essential for an
individual for proper functioning of body. Henceforth, if a person is not provided with these
basic facilities than for them other elements are worthless. In context with A David & Co.
Limited, they are providing all basic factors which are required by their workers and workers are
feeling connected with company.
Safety Needs: This is the common factor that every company must ensure and provide to
its employees. Therefore, people who are applying for the job first check whether respective
company is providing secure job or not. For example: financial security, health security etc.,
Social Needs: It is majorly concern with the feeling of belongingness, therefore, it is
essential that a person has better interpersonal relationship with others so that work can be
accomplished effectively. In relation with A David & Co. Limited, they are providing friendly
environment at workplace due to which workers are sharing a bond between them and they are
working in collaboration for achieving a common goal (Demir, 2011).
Esteem Needs: This category has been classifies into two categories which is esteem of
oneself and feeling of getting respect from others as well. Therefore, there are some factors that
must be considered by an individual are power, status etc., because all these are very helpful in
improving performance level of a person.
Self-actualization Needs: This is considered as an important stage where person realises
his/her potential level. Further more, if person is guided properly as per potentiality level than it
can increase skills and knowledge acquired by a person.
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Herzberg Theory: This is one of the theory that is used by companies in order to encourage its
employees so that they can attain set goals and targets in a speculated time frame (Elstad,
Christophersen and Turmo, 2012). Herzberg theroy is further classified into two categories
which are hygiene and motivation. In terms of A David Co, Limited they have incorporated both
of them so as to encourage employees.
Hygiene Factors: This mainly includes physiological needs which is important for motivating
workers and it includes certain factors which are explained below:
Pay: A David & Co. limited are providing salaries and pay scale that are according to
employees' performance because of which no issues and problems are faced by the firm.
Physical Working Conditions: It is an essential component and A David & Co. limited is
giving a better space to work which are clean and hygienics. Other than this, for operating its
business company is using latest tools and technologies.
Interpersonal Relation: It is an important factor which are helps a person in interacting
employees with other individuals. Therefore, it assist team in achieving set goals and objectives
in speculated time frame. In addition to this, issues and complication are eliminated if healthy
environment is provided to employees (Fagbohungbe, Akinbode and Ayodeji, 2012).
Motivational Factors:
It has to deal with motivating employees so that better outcomes can be gained and A
David & Co. Limited are providing reward and bonus in order to encourage its workers. Factors
that are included in this are given below:
Sense of achievement: When a task is performed by an individual they must have a sense
of achievement so that work is done in a better manner.
Responsibility: If a task is performed by an individual than he/she must take
responsibility of the same as it will further create a sense of duty towards their work.
Recognition: This is simply concern with appraising employees by recognising efforts
they are giving to company for taking it into a superior position in market area.
Process Theory:
This includes various number of ideas through which organisation's performance level
can be increased (Glendonm, Clarke and McKenna, 2016). It assist employees in enhancing
skills and knowledge which can further be used for performing business activities. Some of the
factors that are included in this are explained below:
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Theory of expectancy: This theory basically helps superiors in knowing if they are
willing to perform their work or not. Performance level of company is directly affected with this
as employees are not happy to perform a certain task than firm cannot gain benefits.
Setting Goals: It is important that company has set goals and objectives as it will assist
firm in gaining a better position as compared to rival firms. Therefore, A David & Co. limited
has their own goals and objectives for which they are making strategies.
Theories of equity: It is concern with performance of employees and in relation with A
David & Co. Limited, they are providing training programmes for improving workers
performance so that work can be done without any problem.
Theories of reinforcement: This assist managers in determining performance level of
employees and any kind of problem are being faced than superiors can lookout for appropriate
solutions.
TASK 3
P3 Effective team as opposed to an ineffective team
Developing a team is required if company wants to achieve its set targets and objectives.
Further superiors for making an effective team they prefer to keep propel of same mindset and
thoughts. Therefore, with the help of effective team company can attain its goals and objectives
in speculated time frame (Huhtala and et. al., 2013). Henceforth, A David & Co. Limited are
taking help of Belbin Theory for building up a string team and these are explained below for
better understanding:
This model is appropriate which was developed by Dr Meredith Belbin. It define
propensity of team members and their behaviour as well. It directly affect the relation with all the
team members. In this context, there are some effective components which help management to
build team. All these are as follows:
Belbin Theory:
Plant: In order to get maximum benefits from business it is crucial that company
incorporates latest tools and technologies for better outcomes. In context of A David & Co,
Limited they are using latest machineries for vegetable cutting process and for garnishing food
items as well.
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Resource allocator: For running business in a better manner it is important that company
has appropriate amounts and other sources as it will assist company in executing their plan in an
effective manner.
Co-ordinator: Under this, management gives proper information about objectives they
have to achieve. Furthermore, managers can give appropriate guidance so that task can be
completed in limited time frame (Jansen and Samuel, 2014).
Shaper: Main duty of this person is of shaping the activities, so that outcomes that are to
be achieved are gained in a better manner.
Monitor evaluator: Under this, superiors monitor the performance of employees on a
regular basis so that activities that workers are performing can be identified. This will assist
managers in knowing attitude of employees towards work. Further it will help superiors in
decision making.
Teamwork: This is an important element through which company tend to achieve all set
goals and objectives in a speculated time frame. Thus, it is crucial that firm build and effective
team who can assist enterprise in achieving the same.
Implementer: They are the one who look out for different strategies and approaches and
further implement them so as to get better outcomes from business activities. Therefore, effective
model and theories are used and implemented (Laforet, 2011).
Complete: This is the task in which all the activities are executed in a better manner so
that sales and profitability can be maximised in a limited time frame.
Therefore, other than above mentioned points difference between effective and
ineffective team are explained below for better understanding:
Basis Effective team Ineffective team
Conflict Resolution Effective team are capable in
resolving issues and problems
if company is facing.
Disputes in thoughts can
increase the chances of
disagreement because of which
performance level can
decrease.
Decision Making While taking any decision for
accomplishing the task they
In an ineffective team decision
making is quite difficult as
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give equal opportunity to
every members and after
consulting other effective
decision is taken so that
maximum benefits can be
attained (Wagner and et. al.,
2012).
there might be a possibility
that people are not agreeing
with the same thought.
Working environment If proper environment is
provided to employees than it
can assist effective team in
accomplishing the task in a
better manner.
Ineffective team can create
chaos and problems if they are
not provided with better
environment at workplace
which will gradually decrease
the productivity level of
company and employees as
well (Avey, Palanski and
Walumbwa, 2011).
TASK 4
P4 Concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour within a company as per different
situations
Every business organization needs to motivate their employees to perform well because it
help in improving the performance level of the company at market place. For attaining the same
manager of the company use various theories to motivate their workers as per different situations
(Boje, Burnes and Hassard, 2011). This will help in encouraging as well as motivating workers
to improve their quality performance within the organization. In context of this, manager of A
David & Co. Limited monitor behaviour of the employees through which management easily
understand their overall performance. For improving performance level of the workers, manager
use leadership theory which understood by following points:
Path goal theory:
It is important theory which help in determining the workers behaviour at the time of
performing their activities. Mainly, it is based on Vroom's expectancy theory through which
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manager motivate their workers as per different situations. This theory is beneficial for A David
& Co. Limited to manage overall performance of the workers at workplace. With the help of this,
employees are easily perform their task in appropriate manner. As path goal theory is include
four different styles are as follows:
Directive: In this, leader provide guidance to their workers as per their roles and
responsibilities. With the help of this employees are easily perform their task in effective
manner. It positively impact on the workers because it motivate them at the tie of performing
their activities.
Participative: This type of leadership style include workers in decision making process
which increase the employees engagement within the business activities. One of the main
advantage of this style is that it create employees interest towards its working activities in which
they easily perform well.
Supportive: In this, leader focus on building relation with workers as it reduce any kind
of issues at workplace. This will help in improving overall performance of the workers at
workplace.
Achievement: It relate with trust on workers as employees feel that they are important for
business organization as it improve the performance level of the employees.
Various situations: In this there are various situations within the organization which directly
affect the overall performance of the employees are as follows:
Poor communication: Communication is the way of conveying ideas to one person to
another. This manager of A David & Co. Limited needs to make proper coordination among
staff members by communicating with them. As it reduce the chances of arising any kind of
conflict situation (Ates and Bititci, 2011).
Unclear goals: It is important for top level management to set clear goals and objectives
because it help employees to perform all the task in effective manner. If goals are not clear then
workers fail in performing their task in effective manner and also reduce their productivity.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it has been concluded that organisational behaviour in order to
operate its business in a better manner. Other than this, it assist company in providing a better
workplace to employees where they can perform their job effectively. Every organisation for
achieving set targets built suitable team who share same thoughts and views and in collaboration
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work for attaining a common goal. In addition to this, to motivate employees different
motivational theories which firm can use for getting better results.
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