Leadership & Management Behaviors in Higher Education

This assignment focuses on the investigation of leadership, governance, and management behaviors within high-performing academic departments. It covers various styles such as transformational leadership, knowledge-oriented leadership, and examines the role of management control systems and attention dynamics in strategic change. The assignment also explores the international geography of general purpose technologies (GPTs) and sustainability management frameworks.

LEADERSHIP
AND PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
1. Historical background of leadership...................................................................................1
2. Description on Trait leadership approach...........................................................................2
3. Description on various leadership theories.........................................................................3
4. Why leadership process is important..................................................................................5
4. Description on the advantages of trait leadership...............................................................6
5. Description on how to apply the leadership on the company.............................................7
6. The limitation of Trait leadership.......................................................................................8
7. Description on the comparison of trait leadership theory of others...................................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
To make the business successful in this competitive scenario it is essential to process
expertise leadership and management activities. The skilled employees within the enterprise are
able to take quick decision. It is the kind of evolving area which refereed as to constantly
changes in the behaviour and day to day interaction with other humans. The outstanding leader is
the person who works as to develop the set of skills which is helpful to influence the people in
positive manner (Bolman and Deal, 2017). The leadership and personal development both are the
effective tactics to deal with things effectively. The personal development activities will cover
those activities which is helpful in relation to improve awareness and identity, develop potential
of individual and enhance the quality of working. The present assignment will outline the
following activities as are leadership. The Theories of leadership, advantages and disadvantages
and various other things are very important to deal with it. The main aim behind focussing over
the leadership and personal development process is to take initiatives to achieve the goals of
business enterprise. Hence, it can be said that the effective leadership is the process to
successfully integration and maximisation of available resources within the internal as well
external environment in order to attend the desire objectives of firm.
1. Historical background of leadership.
The term leadership can be stand out as action of leading a group of people or an
organization or the ability to do this kind of thing in appropriate manner. The leadership involves
the various of things a to take initiative in relation to establish clear vision, sharing of vision with
others and coordinating and balancing the organisational things with the members and
stakeholder of entity. The effective leadership techniques in based on generation of ideas, and
such ideas need to communicated to all employees so that they are able to undertake the process
of business in expertise manner (Kok and McDonald, 2017). The leadership mainly focuses over
to motivating the employees of the firm so that they can able to undertake business activities.
The skill leader is the person who bring maximum profitability by enhancing the growth
potential. The leader need to have the quality to be the risk taker, with this kind do functioning
he is able to undertake the activities of firm in will professional mode. In addition to this the
leadership is the term which works as to promote success in business enterprise. The leader of
the business enterprise needs to perform its activities and take steps to work hard throughout the
project so that they are able to connect their vision with people's individual needs, goals and
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aspirations. Moreover, it can be true to said that the good work leads to attractive rewards and
incentives. In other words it can be stated as the ability of an individual or a group of individuals
to influence and guide followers or other members of an organization. Without the leadership
technique the organisation is not able to process the activities of the firm in the expertise manner.
This kind of approach are helpful to sustain the growth of firm in the market for longer period.
The leader will be called as effective if he has following abilities as are self-confidence, strong
communication and management skills, creative and innovative thinking, perseverance in the
face of failure, willingness to take risks, openness to change (Nguyen and et.al., 2017). This kind
of approach are helpful in relation to earn the large amount of profitability in the business
enterprise. The leader should have idea about how other member of the firm can be influenced to
take the activities of firm in expertise mode.
2. Description on Trait leadership approach.
There are various kinds of the leadership approaches which are beneficial to bring the
systematic growth in activities of business enterprise. The leadership approach is defined in the
following manner as are contingency, LMX, Trait, Distributed, entrepreneurial etc. in this the
Trait leadership approach will be taken to process the activities of firm in effective manner.
Behavioural theory approach- The Trait theory of leadership mainly focuses over the what leader
do and how they behave (Jasimuddin, S.M. and Naqshbandi, 2018). This is the theory which
seeks to determine the personal characteristics and its various traits of being the successful
leader. The trait model of leadership focuses on identifying certain characteristics which work as
to have cause effective leadership
In this it can be said that the trait leadership approach can be defined as integrated
patterns of personal characteristics which works as to reflect a range of individual differences
and foster consistent leader effectiveness across a variety of group and organizational situations.
This will be helpful in order to process the function of the function in the smooth mode. He need
to have the following kind of traits as are good personality, intellectual ability, initiative,
imagination, emotional stability, desire to accept responsibility, flexibility, honesty, sincerity,
integrity, ability to make quick decisions, courage, reliability (Yi-Chong, 2018). This kind of
activities are essential in order to determine the activities of the firm in expertise manner. There
are the following things with the help of which following things are need to be considered as are-
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 The one of the major advantage in this relation is that the trait approach mainly focuses
over the leaders not on the followers and situation.
 It works as to create the general position in society that means that leaders are the special
kind of people who do extraordinary things to make the function of the firm in expertise
manner.
 The another strength in relation to trait is that this approach has long researched tradition
and significant body of research which is helpful to achieve the desire profitability of the
business enterprise.
 With the help of this kind of appraise the leader can easily understand their own strength
and weakness in the organisation (Repenning, Kieffer and Repenning, 2018).
Hence, it can be said that with the help of good traits the leader can able to perform his
function in the effective and efficient mode. With the help of this kind of skill they are able to
new developmental opportunities to the firm. This will be helpful in relation to organise function
of the business in the effective and efficient manner. The trait approach within the leader works
as to bring significant growth in firm (Chan, Chen and Du, 2018). By their skill they need to take
the regular feedback of their employees that is they are working in order to meet the long term
objective of the firm. This kind of things are helpful in relation to achieve desire goals of
organisation. They need to boost up the morale of employees so that activities of business can be
undertaken in expertise mode.
3. Description on various leadership theories.
The leadership is the process which is helpful to determine the activities of the firm in
efficient mode. It is the key ingredient in relation to set the impelling management. The effective
leadership is helpful to conduct the activities business in expertise mode. With the help of this
the organization is able to perform its activities in the well effective and expertise mode (Chan,
Chen and Du, 2018). In this manner the leader are having the Five types of power exists as are
legitimate power, reward power, coercive power, expert power and referent power. The only trait
leadership theory will not be effective to conduct the operation of the firm in expertise manner.
There are also another leadership theories which is defined in the following manner as are-
Behaviour theories- The behavioural theory works as to have better identification in the
specific behaviours of the leader which works as to lead the successful leadership. In this it can
be said that the behaviour leadership approach believes that great leader are made not born
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(Ocasio, Laamanen and Vaara, 2018). This kind of leadership theory mainly focuses over the
actions of leaders not the activities like mental qualities and internal states. It can be noticed that
the behavioural theory overlooked the situational factors and the environment in which such kind
of behaviour are demonstrated.
Situational leadership- The situation theory refer as that the leader is need to select the
best course of action among the various situation variables. This kind of leadership theory is not
based on any specific skill of the individual. The one of the major advantage of situational
leadership is adaptivity. In other words it can be referred as situational leadership theory, in this
the effectiveness of leaders is contingent on his abilities to bring modification as per his
management behaviour to the level of his subordinates' maturity (Malinovich and Steinberg,
2018). This theory is one of the effective method because it works as to adapts the team need and
sets the beneficial balance for the all entity. This kind of theory is also helpful in order to
enhance the profitability of the firm in large manner.
LMX theory of leadership- The LMX theory of leadership can be referred as one of the
exceptional theory which work as to put major focus over specific relationship between the
leader and each subordinates. This is the kind of robust explanatory process. They put their
consideration over significance of communication with the business enterprise (Qiu and
Cantwell, 2018). This kind of process will be helpful to set the organisational activities' ion the
effective manner. The communication is the main term which accompanied with the beneficial
features like mutual trust, respect, devotion. This kind of the activities are helpful in order to lead
effective leadership.
Charismatic Leadership:
This is that kind of leadership process which works as to put their major focus over on
leader's charismatic characteristics. Under this there are various kinds of characteristics which
works as to influence the followers and they can change anything (Jasimuddin, S.M. and
Naqshbandi, 2018). It is not possible to access these qualities by ordinary people generally they
are extraordinary. This is that kind of leaders who perform their activities as to get special power
to handle complex situations.
Contingency leadership approach- The term contingency theory mainly relates with
various of style and situations which effectively matches the leaders of the firm. It also stated
that there is no other method to organize the corporation, lead the company or to take step to
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make decision (Malinovich and Steinberg, 2018). The working of this theory is depends on the
optimal course of action which is dependent on the internal as well external situation.
Distributed leadership- This sis also one of the conceptual and analytical approach
which refereed as how the leadership activities takes place among people to undertake the
activities of the business in effective manner. This kind of leadership process will take place at
the time of cope up with the complexity of complicated organisation.
Entrepreneurial leadership- The term entrepreneurial leadership referred as organising
the group of people so they can take various initiatives which will be helpful for them to achieve
the one common desire goal. This is the new way of understanding the entrepreneur. With the
help of the effective working the entrepreneurs are able to achieve the one common goals of the
firm. Entrepreneurial leadership is the activity that is based on the attitude that the leader is self-
employed. With the help of this the desire objective can be achieved (Bolman and Deal, 2017).
4. Why leadership process is important.
The term leadership is the process not role. It is one of the important function of
management because it works as to maximize the efficiencies in order to achieve the
organizational objective of business enterprise. This is one of the effective terms which is helpful
in order to deal with the things in effective manner. The importance of leadership can be defined
in the following manner as are-
Initiates action- The leader is the person who works as to promote the activities of the
firm in the effective manner. They work as to communicate the policies and plans to the
subordinates so they are able to carry the operation of the firm in effective mode.
Motivation- in every organization it is very important to have leader so that they can
work as to encourage the employees of firm (Kok and McDonald, 2017). By motivating them
they are able to conduct smooth operation. With the help of distribution of economic or non
economic reward they can encourage employees of firm. It is important to motivate other person
so that they can deal with working of the person in effective manner.
Providing guidance- the leader is not only the supervision but he also has to act as
guider in relation to support subordinates after analyzing the performance of individuals. With
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the help of proper instruction they able to conduct their activities in the well and effective
manner.
Creation of confidence- The confidence is one of the important factor with the help of
which subordinates are able to perform their activities in expertise mode. The leader can only
boost the morale of employees and they need to provide the guideline with the help of which
they are able to undertake operation of firm effectively.
Building morality- The morale helps to perform the activities of the firm in ethical
manner. This is one of the effective approaches in relation to winning the trust of employees. The
leader is needed to be morale booster so that they are able to achieve the desire goals of the
organization.
Builds work environment- The great and supportive environment place will be helpful
to get things done from the people. The efficient work environment will be helpful to make the
sound and stable growth in enterprise. The positive is helpful to achieve the desire profitability in
the enterprise (Ocasio, Laamanen and Vaara, 2018). The leader of firm should have personal
contacts with employees and listen to the problems and take initiatives to solve them. This kind
of activities are helpful in order to achieve the desire amount of profitability as well productivity.
Co-ordination- The term coordination is the essences of management. The effective
coordination will be helpful to bring desire profitability in the business enterprise (Ocasio,
Laamanen and Vaara, 2018). The employee of the firm need to conduct their business activities
in the well coordinated manner. This kind of function are helpful to sustain brand image of firm
in market.
Hence, it can be said that the leadership is the process not a role, it is to be processed in
systematic manner. With the help of this the organisation can able to achieve the desire
objectives. This is the approach which derive ultimate objective of the firm.
4. Description on the advantages of trait leadership.
The trait model of leadership is based on both characteristics of leader successful and
unsuccessful. There are some core traits which has been identified in the following manner as
are-
 Achievement drive: the trait leadership theory is helpful to have High level of effort and
ambition, energy and initiative.
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 Honesty and integrity: This is the approach which is helpful in relation to have
trustworthy, reliable things. With the help of which desire objectives of the firm can be
achieved.
 Leadership motivation: it is effective in order to determine the intense desire to lead
others to reach shared goals so that growth of the firm can be sustained.
 Self-confidence: the trait leadership approach is beneficial in relation to enhance self,
ideas, and ability to perform organisational function in expertise manner.
 Cognitive ability: This kind of leadership approach is also helpful in relation to Capable
of exercising good judgement, strong analytical abilities, and conceptually skilled. This
will be helpful to boost the morale of employees. In this manner the firm is able to
achieve the desire goals.
Hence, it can be said that it is one of the effective method in relation to have the detailed
knowledge of each things. This kind of leadership process can applied to the all types of the
organisation (Repenning, Kieffer and Repenning, 2018). With the help of this kind of the theory
the manager can get aware of the strengths and weaknesses and get an understanding of how they
can take initiatives in relation to develop their leadership qualities. There are some following
strength of trits as are-
 Honesty and Integrity
 High achievement drive
 Emotional Maturity
5. Description on how to apply the leadership on the company.
With the help of application of leadership theory in the organization. The firm can able to
make the operation of the firm in the expertise manner. It is essential to apply the leadership
theory effective so that firm can able undertake business activities in the expertise manner. The
leader are always on the mission to bring positive changes in the firm. With the help of handling
of organizational activities sin the effective manner they are able to earn desire amount of the
profitability (Repenning, Kieffer and Repenning, 2018). The application of leadership theory is
need to be done so that there can be enhancement in growth of firm. There are various kinds of
traits that is obtained by this method is compared to the traits of all individuals identified as
potential leaders.
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This approach is helpful in relation to opt this theory so that activities of the firm can run
in market in efficient manner. This process is used to predict the chances of failure or success of
the person being well-advised to evidence traits of leadership (Jasimuddin, S.M. and
Naqshbandi, 2018). In this manner the conditions and characteristics used for the Trait Theory
can be classified into the various kind of things as are intellectual, demographical, physiological,
personality, goal or task driven and social behaviour. It is also inclusive of the various kind of
Factors like age, socio economic background and education are considered under demographical
characteristics while visual aspect including weight and height are part of the physiological
characteristics that are considered.
6. The limitation of Trait leadership.
The all thing have its pron and cons. In this manner the trait leadership approach are also
having its negative impacts on the activities of the firm. In this it can be said that there is
definitive list of leadership traits exists. Due to the large body of research, countless traits are
present. In this manner it can be true to said that it is very ambitious to determine which traits
make the most effective leader (Kok and McDonald, 2017). Also, the trait approach does not
take the situation into consideration. The term leadership approach it is the kind of process which
works as to attend the goals of the organisational. The leadership is the process social influence
process. It involves various kind of management things as are planning, organizing, staffing,
directing and controlling etc. These kinds of the things are helpful in relation to maintain leader
strength and weakness in the specific manner. This kind Due to large body of research, countless
traits are present. There is need to put the major focus over the traits of leader. This is defined in
the following manner as are-
There are Some weaknesses and failures of the trait theory are:
 In this it can be said that the most of the traits are not same with respect to the necessary
characteristics of a leader.
 In this it is important to have Some traits and it can be acquired by training and may not
be inherited. This kind of the activities will be helpful in relation to achieve the desire
profitability.
 In this it can be true to said that sometime its have negative impact as the traits required
to attain leadership may not be same that are required to sustain leadership
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 Under this it can be said that If fails to explain the many leadership failures in spite of the
required traits.
 It is important to know that it ignores the environmental factors which may differ from
situation to situation.
 The all kind of trait are not identical with regard to essential characteristics of leaders.
 There are various trait theories of research influence leadership outcomes such as
performance, productivity and satisfaction of employees.
 There are some findings are ambiguous and subjective leading to uncertainty in relation
to the validity of the approach.
7. Description on the comparison of trait leadership theory of others.
The trait leadership theory is helpful in relation to analyse the operation function of the
firm in the effective manner. The trait leadership mainly focuses on the leader and traits what he
exhibits. The trait is helpful in relation to make an effective leader, this function inclusive of
various kinds of things as are intelligence, self-confidence, integrity and determination. The
situational leadership put their major focus over the action of leader which has been taken by him
in any complex situation (Kok and McDonald, 2017). The trait and situational leadership theory
are very much differed to each other. The trait leadership inclusive of the depth research on the
other side there is Limited research exists to support the theories behind the situational leadership
approach. The transformational leadership can be referred as that leadership there are leaders
who works as to find out what is the main the need of people to achieve organisational
performance as a means of rewards (Jasimuddin, S.M. and Naqshbandi, 2018). Trait leadership is
the term which is inclusive of intelligences, self- confidence, integrity and determination. The
successful leader are the one who have the ability, personal traits of an individual. The trait
leadership is one of the naturally pleasing theories. This is the theory which deals with the
detailed knowledge and understanding of the leader element in the leadership process. The trait
leadership is one of the Yardstick against which the leadership traits of an individual is need to
be accessed. In the situation theory the leader works as to select the appropriate styles to deal
with the particular leadership. In relation to Trait leadership the individual need to be specific
and this all kind of activities are helpful to manage the things in effective manner. He need to
have the following kind of traits as are good personality, intellectual ability, initiative,
imagination, emotional stability, desire to accept responsibility, flexibility, honesty, sincerity,
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integrity, ability to make quick decisions, courage, reliability ((Kok and McDonald, 2017)). The
main aim behind focussing over the leadership and personal development process is to take
initiatives to achieve the goals of business enterprise.
CONCLUSION
Based on above report it can be concluded as business successful in this competitive
scenario it is essential to process expertise leadership and management activities. The skilled
employees within the enterprise are able to take quick decision. The leadership approach is one
of the effective tool in relation to manage the overall activities of the in the expertise manner.
The leadership and personal development is useful tool to foster the growth of the firm. The
main aim behind focussing over the leadership and personal development process is to take
initiatives to achieve the goals of business enterprise. In this present assignment has covered the
various things as are leadership. The Theories of leadership, advantages and disadvantages and
various other things are needed to be included.
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