Literature Review on Various Topics

This document presents a completed literature review assignment covering a range of subjects. The review explores concepts such as entrepreneurial competencies, the development of positive psychological capital, inclusive markets in rural Bangladesh, spray-drying methods for particle production, stakeholder perceptions of project KPIs, and more. It also delves into research methodologies like single subject research and organizational development frameworks. The assignment demonstrates effective synthesis and analysis of scholarly sources across various disciplines.

THE DEVELOPING
MANAGER

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
1.1 Comparison between distinct management styles.................................................................3
1.2 Leadership characteristics in two organisation.....................................................................4
1.3 Communication procedure in Hilton Hotel and Marriott Hotel............................................6
1.4 Organisation culture and alteration in chosen business........................................................7
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................8
2.1 Own management skills performance...................................................................................8
2.2 Personal strength, weakness, opportunities and threats......................................................10
2.3 Designing prior goals and objectives for develop own expectation...................................11
TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................12
3.1 Motivating or directing team towards achievement of goals and targets............................12
3.2 Managerial decision to support goal achievement and recommendation for improvement
...................................................................................................................................................13
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................13
4.1 How managerial and personal skills can be support in career development.......................13
4.2 Career and personal development requirements, present day performance for produce
development plan......................................................................................................................15
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................17
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................18

INTRODUCTION
Mangers are having a very strong position inside the company as they are performing a
very crucial role inside the company. They are responsible for handling all the important tasks of
then company and make sure that it is completed on time. Therefore, it is the basic responsibility
of company to take care of them so that they work with their full efficiency and increase the
productivity of the company. There are various types of roles that a managers plays inside the
company like a leader, motivator, performer etc. each of these roles are very important for the
company as through this this the employees feel motivated and perform in an effective manner.
This report is based on personal development and career of an individual in management. Here
different organisations will be referred in different tasks like in Task 1, Hilton Hotel and Marriott
Hotel will be used. The other companies that are Clayton Crown Hotel, Frankie & Benny's
restaurant and Thomas Cook. This report will discuss about the principles and practices of
behavioural management theory, potential of a prospective manager, managerial skills required
and a career management plan as well.
TASK 1
1.1 Comparison between distinct management styles
Since every manager is different so the methods used by them so as to manage their
employees is also different. So, the managers of the companies should know that which
management style will best for their company and will provide long term benefits to them as
well. Their main aim of using these styles is to make sure that employees are working in an
effective manner and their performance is also improving with time also. This will help them in
achieving the desired objective as well.
Hilton Hotel and Marriott hotels are considered as the top hotels in the hospitality
industry and are providing their services in an effective manner. Both of them are having
effective managers because of which all of their operations are being done in an effective
manner.
ASSUMPTIONS AND DRAWBACKS: In this, it is discussed that while selecting the
management style and theory , managers have to assume the that employees will favour these
management styles and will adopt it in their working style as well. This is very important for the

managers because if the management style will not be adopted by staff members then it will not
be a good position for the company.
The management styles that can be adopted by managers of Hilton Hotel and Marriott Hotel are:-
 Authoritative Style – If managers of Hilton Hotel and Marriott Hotel will adopt this
theory then here the managers, leaders and superiors authority will be having the whole
responsibility of taking decisions for the company without consulting their sub-ordinates.
So by this the employees become demotivated and loses their confidence as well.
 Participative management styles – here, the feedbacks play a very important role and if
managers of Hilton Hotel and Marriott Hotel will use this then the environment of the
company will become very much friendly and the employees will also perform in an
effective manner as they will be happy with the management.
 Free-rein management styles – here, the managers are not much in the functioning ifr
the company and the employees are given the authority to take the decisions for the
company and for themselves as well. So, if managers of Hilton Hotel and Marriott Hotel
wants that their organisation performs well then they should not adopt this one.
 Affiliative management styles – This management style is considered as very efficient
because here the managers plays a role of good listener as well so it is in benefit for the
company. Through this the managers will be in constant contact with the employees
which is a good factor.
1.2 Leadership characteristics in two organisation
It is very important for the managers to have leadership quality as well. This is because
they have to take care if the entire organisation and this can be done only when they will know
how to guide as well as motivate the employees so as to perform in a better manner. The various
leadership styles that can be adopted by managers of Hilton Hotel and Marriott Hotel are as
follows:
 AUTOCRATIC – If the managers of Hilton Hotel and Marriott Hotel will this style then
the leader will get the whole authority and responsibility to manage the whole work ifr
the company. They will take the decisions and will just convey it to the subordinates.
Here there is little or no sustainability.
 DEMOCRATIC – In this style, the subordinates are also involved in decision-making
process and the management value their contribution as well. But the final authority lies

with the leader itself. This style can be adopted by managers of Hilton Hotel and Marriott
Hotel.
 LAISSEZ-FAIRE – Here also, the employees are given the authority take all the
decisions for the company and there will be non one to interfere in their work as well. But
it is not considered as a effective leadership style because it will not give successful and
reliable results to the company.
 TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP STYLE – In this, the leaders try ti mktuvate
the employees so that they perform their work in more effective manner and the company
can get effective results as well.
MOTIVATION THEORIES : Managers also have to play the role of a leader so they should
know that how to motivate the employees or which motivational theory should be applied in the
organisation so that the employees get motivated. The managers of Hilton Hotel and Marriott
Hotel should analyse the needs of the employees and then implement their motivational theories
so that it can provide benefit to the whole organisation. The various types of motivational theory
that can be used by them are Maslow's need theory, Two factor theory, Theory X and Theory Y
etc.
The leadership characteristic that are required in managers of Hilton Hotel and Marriott Hotel
are:-
 Good Communication Skill – It is said that managers should have good communication
skills because then only they will be able to connect with the employees in a better
manner and know their issues and problems as well. For this they need to be constant
contact with them. A friendly behaviour will also help them in gaining this relationship.
 Team Oriented – It is required that in hospitality industry employees have to work in
teams then only they will be able to work in an effective manner. So, it is said that
managers of Hilton Hotel and Marriott Hotel should encourage the employees to work in
teams as this will be very effective for them as well as the hotels.
 Passionate – This is the core requirement in a leader i.e. to be passionate. If the managers
or leaders will be passionate then they will be able to perform their work in a more
effective manner and will try to build the same quality in the employees as well. Being
passionate towards the work will help them in achieving their goals in more effective
manner.

 Innovative – It is very important for the managers or the leaders to be innovative because
then only they will be able to bring growth and development inside the company. They
should make sure that the employees follow the same quality and try to perform in a more
effective manner all the time.
1.3 Communication procedure in Hilton Hotel and Marriott Hotel
Communication can be considered as an effective element inside the working
environment because through this only they will be able to achieve goals and objectives of the
company in an effective manner. If the communication inside the organisation will not be
effective then staff members will not be able to know what is going on in the company. The
managers are should implement various communication programmes inside the organisation so
that they connect with the employees in a better manner. There is a proper process of
communication also that can be followed inside the hotels so as to transfer any kind of
information from one party to another. The process is as follows:-
 Sender – In this, the sender sends the message to the receiver. The message can be in any
form like verbal or written.
 Ideas – This is a considered as a part if the message that has bee sent by the sender.
 Encoding – While transferring the message the sender should convert the message in the
form of actions, words or pictures so that only the receiver can decode it.
 Channel of communication – This is the channel through which the information is passed
from one person to another person.
 Receiver – He is the person for whom the message was sent.
 Decoding - This includes the process of conversion of such actions and words into
important data.
 Feedback - This includes the process of ensuring that receiver get same message which
intended to provide.
While doing communication , the following elements should also be taken into consideration:
 Formal and Informal Communication – These are considered as the types of
communication that needs to be applied in all the companies as per their work
environment. In Hilton and Marriott hotel, formal communication is being applied
because there the staff members are required to behave in a proper manner as it is a part
of their code of conduct. They can not apply informal communication because the

management will not allow this as here there is no structured flow of communication
inside the company.
 Upward, Downward and Horizontal communication – If Hotels will apply this then it
will help them in communicating in an effective manner. It is very much required also
because then only the employees are able to get all the information about the company. In
case of Upward, the communication is done from subordinates to superiors and in case of
Downward, it is superior to subordinates.
 Verbal and Non-Verbal Communication – These are the forms of communication that
can be used by the company while doing any type of communication with the staff
members. In case of Verbal communication the employees are required to send their
message through actions or words but in case of Non-Verbal, the message is sent in a
written form.
1.4 Organisation culture and alteration in chosen business
A culture inside an organisation is formed related to various function that are being
performed inside the company. Since the functions of every organisation is different so the
culture of every company is also different. Since Hilton hotel and Marriott hotel is having their
presence in various companies so they are employing people who belong to different culture and
traditions. Through this they are bringing diversity in the organisation. So, the managers are also
requited to maintain their culture accordingly so that no employee can get hurt. So, the different
types of culture that can be implemented by Hilton and Marriott are:
 Power Culture – If the managers of Hilton Hotel and Marriott Hotel will implement this
type of culture then will be able to respond towards the events very fast which are taking
place near them. Through thus thy will be able to increase their business in a more better
manner. Here the managers are considered to be more dependent on the staff as they are
only responsible to perform all the activities. Along with this they are also having a
strong control over the resources which they are using.
 Role Culture – It is believed that organisations that are applying this type of culture will
have to follow all the rules and regulations that are being made. In this the managers of
Hilton Hotel and Marriott Hotel will allot the roles and responsibilities of each and every
individual so that they can perform their work. This culture will be very beneficial for
the hotel people as they will be knowing what work they have to perform.

 Task Culture – If the management will apply this culture then the main focus will be on
getting the task completed by the employee. So, when the managers of Hilton Hotel and
Marriott Hotel will think of applying this culture then they will have to assure that the
right person has been allotted the right job so that the task is completed on time.
Organisational change is also a part of management. It is taken place when the managers
want to change some of the policies of the organisation so that it can perform in a more better
manner. There are various factors because of which the managers of Hilton Hotel and Marriott
Hotel can implement changes like if there is introduction of new policies by the government or
new employees are being hired. The various types of change that can be implemented are:-
 DEMOGRAPHIC – If there is any kind of change that has happened in the policies of
the government regarding the race, caste, religion , age , education of an individual then
managers of the organisation will have to change their policies as well so that they can
comply with the new laws made.
 ECONOMIC- With the increase in no. of travellers the customers are also increasing for
the hotel industry. So, m,any new hotels have also been opened and this is a change with
which the managers have to cope up. The managers managers of Hilton Hotel and
Marriott Hotel should make strong strategies such as creating effective services for their
guests or conducting more efficient operations then only they will be able to gain
success.
 LEGISLATIVE – New laws and policies have the power to bring changes in the
operations of the company. Hospitality industry are having an impact from the
environment so they should work in this direction and try to adopt more cleaner and
socially responsible operating methodologies.
TASK 2
2.1 Own management skills performance
Management skills is considered as a very important element that is required to be
present inside the managers or te leaders of the company so that they can perform their
operations in an effective manner. So, in case of Clayton Crown Hotel, the person who is
appointed as a manager should have all the skills that will help him performing in a better
manner. The managers of Clayton Crown Hotel are required to attain the objectives of the

company and for this they will have to use their management skills. The various types of skills
that is required to be present inside the individual so as to become the efficient manager are:-
 PROBLEM SOLVING SKILLS – The managers of all the companies are having the
responsibility solver the problems and issues that are arise in the company. In order to
solve these issues, managers will have to gain skills for understanding the whole
situation and then providing solution that are effective. So, managers of Clayton Crown
Hotel is also required to have good skills so that they can solve all the issues that are
present in the hotel and make it more effective.
 LEADERSHIP SKILLS – This is the most important skills that is required to be present
inside the managers because they have to manager the whole organisation so they need to
be an efficient leader. This will help them in guiding as well as motivating the employees
in a proper manner and also make sure hat they are following all the rules of the company
as well. So, managers of Clayton Crown Hotel has to be a good leader so that they can
lead the hotel in a good direction.
 DECISION-MAKING SKILLS – This skill is also required to be present inside the
managers because they are responsible to take important decisions for the company. So
they need to be effective decision maker so that they can benefit the organisation with the
decisions taken by them.
 COMMUNICATION SKILLS – If the managers of Clayton Crown Hotel will have good
communication skills then they will be able to interact with employees in more effective
manner and know their worries. It is also prescribed that the managers will have to be a
good communicator in hotel industry because then only they will be able to greet the
customers in a more appropriate manner.
Skills Very Rare
(1)
Rare
(2)
Sometimes(3) Often
(4)
Always (5)
Problem solving
skills
✔
Leadership skills ✔

Communication
Skills
✔
Decision-making
Skills
✔
2.2 Personal strength, weakness, opportunities and threats
AS a manager of Clayton Crown Hotel, I will be requirng various skills and capabilities
to perform my work in the company. For this, I will have to conduct a SWOT analysis so as t
know the strengths and weaknesses that is required to be present inside the manager. It is
conducted below:-
STRENGTH WEAKNESSES
 Provide Employee Motivation –
Manager are required to motivate the
employees so that they can perform
their work in a more effective manner
and without any issues as well. This
will increase their productivity as well.
 Good communication Skills – It also
acts as a strength for the managers
because they will be able to deal with
the customers as well as the employees
in an effective manner.
 Confidence level – It is to be noticed
that the managers of Clayton Crown
Hotel should be having god confidence
and if it is not present then they will not
be able to handle the whole
organisation in an effective manner.
Low confident employees are always
considered as inefficient.
 Irritated attitude – If the manger's
mood is always irritated and stressful
then they would not be able to handle
the situations properly and neither
would be able to give solution through
which issues of the company can be
solved.
OPPORTUNITIES THREATS
 Latest Techniques - Clayton Crown
Hotel managers can implement latest
technologies while giving services to
 Huge Competitors – There are so
many hotels that are present in the
market. So, managers of Clayton

their guests and also in their HR related
matters as well as it will help them in
managing the work in an effective
manner.
 New market opportunities – The
managers of Clayton Crown Hotel
should make sure that they take
advantage all the opportunities that are
arising in the market so that they can
grow themselves.
Crown Hotel should try to make sure
that they are having good strategies so
as to deal with the competition
effectively.
 Knowledge level – If the managers will
not have good knowledge then they
will fail to understand the issues of
employees and will not be able to take
responsibility of whole organisation.
2.3 Designing prior goals and objectives for develop own expectation
One of the important task that needs to be performed by the managers is ton set the goas
and objectives for the whole organisation. They will have the authority to decide which goal
should be performed when. So, while setting the priorities the managers are required to know
that which work is help on priority and which can be performed later on. So, in order to develop
the goals and objectives, managers of Clayton Crown Hotel should focus on following things.
They are:
 Issuing Deadlines : It is very much required that the managers of Clayton Crown Hotel
should keep deadlines for submitting the work so as to make sure that the work is
completely finished within time. With this, the productivity of employees will also be
increased and they will contribute in achieving the objectives also.
 Conducting Research process – It is a kind of research that is done by the company
before taking any kind of decisions. This will help them in taking corrective decisions.
 Effective Practices – It is also considered that managers of Clayton Crown Hotel will
have to conduct effective practices so as to achieve the targets of the company. This will
help them in attracting more no. of customers towards them.
Objectives Success criteria
(TARGET
Actions Implementation Completed

DATE) Yes/No
Learning
motivation
techniques
02/02/18 Taking personal
development
classes
Implementing my
learning on my
team
YES
New
Technologies
11/02/18 Coaching from
experts
Using then new
technologies in
company
YES
Enhancing
management
skills
15/02/18 Through reading
books and
reviewing work
of other
managers.
Managing full
team
YES
TASK 3
3.1 Motivating or directing team towards achievement of goals and targets
As a part of Frankie and Benny's restaurant, it is the responsibility of managers to make
sure that they will be able to achieve the goals and objectives of the organisation. Since they are
planning to open their new branch in London, the management has to make sure that each and
every activity is done as per the set targets so that the organisation can achieve success in this
new market. They will have to draw their focus on fulfilling the goals of the management in a
proper manner. So, In order to choose desired goals and targets following activities are required
to be conducted: Working in Groups – It is required that the management of Frankie and Benny's
restaurant should make various types of group inside the organisation as it will help them
in discussing various new ideas and concepts together which will be used by them in their
new location. If the team formed is strong then they can help the company in various
manner like conducting research, analysing needs and demands etc.
 Motivation- It is an important element that is required to be present inside the manager
and through this they will also encourage the employees so as to complete the project on

time. This can be achieved by implementing various training and development
programmes inside the hotel and develop the skills and capabilities of employees.
3.2 Managerial decision to support goal achievement and recommendation for improvement
There are various types of decisions that will be taken by the management of Frankie and
Benny's in achieving their aims and objectives. These decisions will help them in performing
their function in an effective manner. If a manager is having good managerial as well as
decision-making skills then they will be able to take good decisions for the company. The
various decisions taken by Frankie and Benny so as to complete their targets are :-
 Involving Employees in the decision-making process – This is a very important step
that needs to be taken by the managers. With this one decision, the managers will provide
so many benefits to the company like the organisation will get so many new ideas fro
which they can choose from and at the same time the employees will also be motivated as
they are being treated as a part of the family.
 Supporting the customers – This is also considered as an important factor that is
required to be considered while taking any kind of decisions for the company. It is also
said that on this the profit ratio of Frankie and Benny depends. So, it is very much
important to determine the various needs of customers and their taste and preference as
well.
Recommendations for Improvements :
As Frankie and Benny's is opening their new branch in London so they need to
implement various types of modifications so as to achieve the desired results:-
 Monitoring performance of employees – In order to make sure that all the operations
are being operated in the right manner, the managers should monitor the performance of
employees and correct them wherever required.
 Performance management system – If this management wants to reduce the workoad of
employees then they can implement this system so as to understand the work done by the
management.

TASK 4
4.1 How managerial and personal skills can be support in career development
There is large value of personal and managerial skills in career development. In this I
want to built my career in the hospitality industry like Thomas cook, it is a famous and well
known tourism sector, I need to develop some kind of skills or knowledge which are identified as
below:
Managerial skills: There are some managerial quality which are determined under this in
detailed form:
Communication skills: It is one of the main and important quality which assist me in
order to increase profitability and productivity of organisation in given time period (Arends,
2014). It is mainly emphasis on personal power so that better communication with another can
take effective place. In this I require to transmit the accurate information to the workers for
reducing confusion ans conflict. Manager of the business entity primarily work for creating link
with upper and lower level management. So in this I need to convey entire main forces of
information or data by allowing regulations.
Leadership: It is also identified an an important skills which assist in dealing with
different problems and thus reducing them in an effective manner. With the help of this
characteristics I provide accurate direction and guidelines to the junior worker for increasing the
turnover of the company.
Problem solving and decision making: For using this quality I require to create few
judgements which can help me in recognise the requirements of innovative strategies for giving
proper services to clients. It is also helpful in order to decreasing all issues which are arise at
workplace and face by various workers.
Personal skills: There are also various kind of interpersonal skills and quality which help
manager to do all activities and plans in an effective & efficient way (Arnold and Boggs, 2015).
All these are determined as below:
Adaptability: It is more important which accept the various types of opportunities. It is
highly required within the business strategies and environment. This skills gives support me in
development of knowledge or quality about innovative elements and increase the level of
performance in limited time duration.

Responsibility: In this role and responsibility of me is to provide accurate guidelines and
direction to the junior employees who are working in the organisation. I has some duties for
increasing business turnover and sales in limited time period.
Behaviour: It is one of the main and essential part of attracting large number of the
tourist towards business services and facilities (Babbie, 2013). For the development and
improvement of company productivity and profitability, behaviour of me is highly important.
4.2 Career and personal development requirements, present day performance for produce
development plan
This type of development plan essentially assist in identifying the capabilities which are
created to aid the attribute along with professional plan. There are different techniques and tools
which are mainly followed to make the better quality along with time duration (Aulton and
Taylor, 2017). Career development plan are entirely emphasis on requirements of current
performance, future needs and personal development. My personal development plan is mainly
related with my professional objectives or goals. In this I require to completed appraisal on my
attributes and skills. In this way, I needs to develop specific development plan of carer so they
will deal entire essential wants. Personal development plan designed under this:
Aims and objectives Time frame Activities taken
Team designing quality 20 Days It become enhanced by
opening of work or functions
with their employees in
effective atmospheres. In need
to move them in such project
so the main motive of tourism
industry can be achieved
effectively.
Communication skills 40 Days I require to proceed some
communication program and
also go to some seminars
which maximising my
personal knowledge and skills.

Leadership quality 80 Days I need to emphasis on
providing accurate direction or
guidelines to their subordinates
and advise them for
performing work in similar
way.
Time management skills Daily practices this learning They require to proceed few
class where I can get how to
done work at allotted time.
Also I want to known
difference between urgent and
essential work so that I
attained this as per the
necessitate.
Problem solving and decision
making
Daily learning By this, I need to do work or
function on applicable
methods and analysis problem
aspects that can impact on
ventures in negative way
(Beck, Demirgüç-Kunt and
Levine, 2010). In order to
reduce all issues and problems
in successful manner I take
effective decision on same
matter.
Motivation quality 50Days This can be determined as an
essential quality which assist
in achieving top position in
business organisation. Improve
skills or quality requires to

have an effective style of
leadership. With the help of
this characteristics, I easily
motivate and encourage
employees for its performance
and work.
Stress release ability 60 Days In this I have to attend yoga
and meditation classes. During
this section I spirit relax while
performing few work.
With the help of above mentioned plan I mainly focuses on attracting large number of the
clients towards business products and services (Beck, Demirgüç-Kunt and Levine, 2010). This
plan shown different skills and quality of me which assist in dealing with some difficult
conditions at workplace. I should emphases on those quality so this will support in creating good
career development in Thomas cook.
CONCLUSION
As per the above mentioned report, it can be concluded that leaders and managers are
those important people who have better ability or quality of leading team in an effective way. In
the each and every organisation both person plays essential role in expansion and development of
business operational or activities. They should have some qualities in order to handle juniors for
dealing with clients. Personal development plan and SWOT analysis also assist the company to
achieve desire goals and objectives in limited time period. In order to motivate different workers
for its work and performance, it is beneficial for the organisation to increase their turnover in
limited time period. Own personal and managerial development skills assist in career
improvements, it is useful at workplace to deals with different effective issues and problems in
limited time period.

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