Leading Change: A Framework for Management

This assignment requires the analysis of various sources related to leading change in different sectors, including public sector, education, and sports. The focus is on developing a framework for managing change by considering employee, environment, and government factors. The assignment also includes references from books, journals, and online resources that provide insights into successful leadership strategies during times of change.

UNDERSTANDING AND
LEADING CHANGE

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK1.............................................................................................................................................1
P1 Compare different companies strategies and impact of change on this strategies and
operation. ...................................................................................................................................1
P2. Evaluation of internal and external factor of change in business environment....................3
P3 Evaluation of change for minimise negative impact of change in organisation. ..................5
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................7
P4 Several barriers of change and their impact on leadership decision-making process............7
TASK3.............................................................................................................................................8
P5 Contribution of different leadership approaches regarding organisational change...............8
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Change is the only thing those are continuously done in today's environment. Business
unites are adopt change policies for updating or upgrading their firms operations and activities
for gaining profitability and increase productivity in futures. Company has make change related
to new technological innovation, increase interpersonal competition, deregulation of market and
demographic changing of employees. Through change company have gain competitive
advantage and establish their innovation image at market place those give effective brand image
in consumers as well as competitors mind. Starbucks and Costa Coffee are work in same
industries in UK (Bin Taher, Krotov and Silva, 2015). Both organisation have use change
management in their firm for providing same kind of services to their client. In this report impact
of change on company strategies and operations, evaluation of change implementation and their
effective are discussed. Barriers of change and they influence leaders decision for preparing
change approaches well be studied here.
TASK1
P1 Compare different companies strategies and impact of change on this strategies and operation.
Change is a strategies use by company to update their operations for gain competitive
advantage at market place. Its a procedure of doing or applying new events and situations on
firms operations due to external and internal factor of the business environment at market place.
Starbucks and Costa Coffee are deliver their product internationally (Brazer and Bauer, 2011).
Change have both negative and positive types of impact on their business environment. Their are
many internal factor are create impact on business environment are suppliers, competitor, clients,
employees etc. some external factor those create impact are political, legal, economical, social &
culture and technological etc. The external factor are main drivers of change in business
environment. Through change management company's have enjoy growth opportunities,
innovation in product & services and competitive advantages at worldwide. Both company have
identify requirement of change and make strategies to minimise their negative effects. Some
important reason regarding identification of change by both firms management are as follows:
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Enhanced efficiency: Through change company have increase their efficiency and
productivities in operations process. That is enhance satisfaction of customers needs and wants.
Example technological change are increase productivity.
Competitive advantages: Through change management strategies company has gain
competitive advantages at market place. By identification of change needs company has improve
quality in their product and services.
Encourage innovation: Company has use innovative ideas for improving employees
performance. That provide help to develop or expansion in business activities.
About Starbucks and Costa Coffee:
Starbucks: That is American coffee company those provide their services at international level.
Almost 238000 workers are work in this company in more then 23768 location. In this company
professional employees are work to provide world class services to their clients (Brisson-Banks,
2010). Starbucks has provide several different type of product to their customers those are
coffee, smoothies, sandwiches, baked goods and tea. Company has earn large revenue
approximately US$22.387 billion through serving their product and services worldwide.
Company has effectively do their work and establish strong brand image in consumers mind and
at market place.
Costa Coffee: That is also have intentional company those provide their services across UK
country. That company has 3401 store in 31 countries and more then 2121 restaurants in UK.
Costa Coffee has near 1280 outlets worldwide for increasing their market share, that is the world
largest second number company in their sector. They have provide coffee, ice drinks, tea etc. to
their customer's. The company has earn approximately £1.167 billion.
Both the companies have operate their operations at worldwide, many factor have lead to change
in both firms. That create direct impact on business activities and operations, they will effect
exiting strategies of the company. Starbucks and Costa coffee both are use strategies for applying
change at an organisation environment for improving business activities are as follows:
Strategies Starbucks Costa Coffee
Pricing strategies Starbucks has provide quality
product and services to their
customers those create strong
Costa coffee has want to
increase their market share for
this they have use low price
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Marketing strategies
brand image at market place.
Company main aim are to
maintain their product quality
for retain market share
worldwide (Brundrett and
Duncan, 2011). They have use
high price strategies for sell
their product and because of
high quality they have justify
that high price strategies.
Starbucks has a very big brand
which provide their services at
interactional level. They have
largest coffee house at
intentional level. They have
use effective marketing
strategies for gain market
share. They has select larger
numbers of distributors for
increase reachability through
knowing customers needs and
preferences. Starbucks use
social media platform for
promoting their brand.
strategies compare to
Starbucks. Pricing strategies
are important part of
increasing sales through
attracting new customer's and
retain existing customers. At
international level most of the
people are middle class for
attracting them Costa Coffee
have use linnet pricing
strategies for middle income
class's individual customer's
internationally.
Costa Coffee have large
operations activities at
worldwide. Starbucks are large
competitor of Costa coffee
company. They have establish
in UK so that their largest
market share are is home
country other then any
country. Management of the
company have make strategies
for retain their market share in
UK. For this they have use
local media to promote their
brand among the UK people.
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P2. Evaluation of internal and external factor of change in business environment.
In today an organisation environment both the company have use change strategies for
increase productivity and profitability at worldwide. Globalisation of product and services have
create brand image of the both Starbucks and Costa Coffee companies at international level. The
every country has different business environment. Costa Coffee and Starbucks both companies
have effected by many internal and external factor. Starbucks and Costa Coffee management
strategies, leadership and behaviour of team, individual behaviour are effected by both the factor
of environment (Coronel, Moreno and Carrasco, 2010). They create negative and positive
positive impact on an organisation operations. Management of the company have accept change
in their business for this they have make strategies, plan and policies. That acceptance are
provide success to an organisation in their effective operations and earning. Some important
environment factor those effect company work are as follows:
(Internal and external factor, 2017)
Impact of internal factor of change on Starbucks and Costa Coffee:
Employee: In Costa Coffee and Starbucks both company's employees behaviour are
effected by change. Its very important for both companies that they have satisfy their employees
through providing suitable job and increase employee’s moral for given equal opportunities of
growth with in an organisation. They have provide minimum salary to their workers for
increasing efficiency in their work. All strategies adopt by company those increasing employees
moral are enhance positive energy those increase leadership qualities and efficiency of all
workers.
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Illustration 1: Internal and external factor

Technical capacity: Very company have efferent technical capacity and they have
effected an organisation internal environment. Starbucks and Costa Coffee have both are globe
companies and they have use advances techniques in their business activities and operations.
That provide help to run their business in long period of time. Technologies have provide help to
employees for effective work their business activities.
Organisation culture: Both companies Costa Coffee and Starbucks are influence their
operation by firms culture. Culture are effect employee’s behaviour in team and individual.
Management have manage culture differences in their an organisation. Companies management
have overcome form this differences by using appropriate strategies and policies for full fill
employee’s needs and wants. That improve internal communication and coordination of the
organisation for gain productivity and profitability in long period of time.
Impact of external factor of change on Starbucks and Costa Coffee: PESTLE analysis
Political: Both companies have run their business at globe level so that their work are
effected by political regulation of other countries as well. The political environment are different
in each country. The government role and regulation are strict regarding other business activities.
Economical: Economical conditions of every country have different so that Costa coffee
and Starbucks both are face different economical problem. That is consider cash flows, inflation,
sources of fund, per person income etc. of economy so that company have make strategies for
overcome this factors (Ellenbogen, Berger and Batjer, 2010). That create impact on business
activities and operations of Costa Coffee and Starbucks. Demand are depend on customers
income. Both companies have consider customer's income level in each country and accordingly
serve their services and product.
Social: Social culture are different among the all consumers so that company make
marketing strategies and policies according to these factors.
Technological environment: Company have run their business activities arose their
border so that technology level have different in each country. Costa Coffee and Starbucks have
use advance technologies and spread their techniques.
Legal: Law of export and import of every country are create barriers. So that both
companies have follow rule and regulation of government in each country.
Environment: Starbucks and Costs Coffee have operate their business activities in
different working environment. They create impact on change.
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P3 Evaluation of change for minimise negative impact of change in organisation.
Organisation success are effected by change, so that management have decrease negative
impact on change in their business environment for give effective employee’s behaviour and
operations. Management Costa Coffee and Starbucks have use theories for identify change those
are use in future and their impact on an organisation plan and policies. Their are several theories
use by both company for minimise negative impact of change are system theory, complexity
theory, etc. Some important theories mention are as follows:
System theory: This theory are use by Costa Coffee and Starbucks, through this they
have easily establish strong leadership quality among employee’s. Through this theory
companies have develop new innovation and handle difficult situational of contingency. That
decrease the negative impact of change in Starbucks. In this theory leaders are use firms structure
as supra system and other factor as system. That is the advance techniques for decreasing
negative impact of change in business environment. In an organisation where leaders are work
called system of the firm, employee’s are called subsystem of the firm and leaders are called
components of system. Leaders play important role in this system theory for establish
employee’s productivity and flexible for adopt change easily.
Complexity theory: Costa Coffee and Starbucks have use this theory for identify impact
on internal and external factor on change. This theory are provide help of measuring diversity
present in internal and external factor those are political, technological, legal, social, competitors,
economical employee’s etc. That theory are determine the complexity of situation at micro level,
companies environment are also effected by macro factor. The main feature of this theory are
complex adaptive system and their function are identify crucial information in business
environment and store this cognition into system. Management have make plan and strategies for
providing direction to employee’s for increase productivity and efficiency of work at market
place. Through this company have enjoy competitive advantage worldwide. Contribution of this
theory are decrease negative impact of change and motivating employee’s for adopt change in
business environment.
Continues improvement model: Through change Starbucks and Costa Coffee have
continuously improve business performance and employee’s capabilities. This theory have
continuously improve product and services of the organisation (Hall, 2010). Starbucks and Costa
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Coffee have use this theory in their business environment for completion of companies goals and
objectives in a given period of time. This theory have develop PDCA cycle of many function for
accepting change in future. Function of cycle are as follows:
PDCA cycle- Costa Coffee and Starbucks have derive importance of cycle for
establishing or acceptance of change in their business environment are as follows:
 Plan: both the company have make plan for future change, for this they have
make strategies of implementation. They have analysis employee’s behavioural
toward change and accordingly make plan.
 Do: In this step both companies have detail process of postulation on firms
opportunities. They have use effectively the plan and policies in their
organisation.
 Check: In this step companies have identify effectiveness of change in their
business operation and environment. That provide help for implementation of
plan and solving problem. Through this Costa coffee and Starbucks improve
employee’s morals.
 Act: That provide help to approach large level change in companies, those are
contribute in their growth. Organisation have use other approaches for recreate
cycle process for accepting change and their positive impact on employee’s
behaviour (Wilkinson and et. al., 2013).
TASK 2
P4 Several barriers of change and their impact on leadership decision-making process
Force field analysis: In this method companies have evaluating factors which are for and
against of change. Change have negative and positive impact of that management are in feavair
and against on the change system in an organisation. That is important techniques for improve
management decision-making power and success of change with in business environment. That
analysis establishing equilibrium between force drive change and force those resist change.
Some important steps of force field analysis are as follows:
STEP1: Content of change - In this step company have identify their mission and vision
of change. That provide help for know change strategies and plan, and appropriate change model
for achieving organisation change mission and vision (Harris, 2012).
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STEP 2: Identification of forces change – in this step main factor of deriving change are
identify both internally and externally. Some important internal drivers are organisation culture,
technological up gradation and employee’s morals. Some important external drivers factor are
competitors, demographic trends, economical environment and political stabilities.
STEP 3: Identification of forces against change – In this step some forces are include
those are unfavourable to change in an organisation. Change resistance have two types one is
internal resist and second is external resist.
1. Internal resist-
 Attitude of employee’s
2. External resist –
 Government legislation
 Customer's
STEP 4: Assign scores- In this step company many identify which score of forces are
more strong and which one are weak. In this companies have give rating to forces accordingly to
their effect on business operations.
STEP 5: Analysis and application- In this step companies have evaluating the effect of
change in an organisation.
Some important barriers of change and their impact on leadership decision-making
process- Costa Coffee and Starbucks both are face many problem regarding change barriers
those effect of business activities and operations (Tang and Hallinger, 2014). There are hug
impact of internal and external derive forces on barriers of change and power in decision-making
process of leadership. Some important barriers which resist the change are as follows:
 Employee’s: Employees have fear of unknowingness, they can not adopt change
easily because they don't want to change their work process and performance. That is
cut decision-making power of leadership.
 Government: Government have maker rule and regulation and that is compulsory for
company that they have follow this rule and regulation for ruing their business
operation. That is the external barrier. Some time government have strict about their
policies like environment safety and quality of product etc.
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 Environment: Costa Coffee and Starbucks both have effected by environment factor.
That providing safety about their product and services. The society have effected
leadership decision-making powers (Mayfield, 2014).
TASK3
P5 Contribution of different leadership approaches regarding organisational change
Approaches of leadership which are used by leaders of costa coffee and Starbucks for the
development purpose of motivating and skills of leadership among the employees. Their are
many approaches of leadership like transformational, transactional, situational etc. All
approaches are having high level of important for skills development and effectively deal with
changes. Various approaches are adopt by Costa coffee and Starbucks which are given below:
Situational leadership: It includes theories about leadership changes according to
various situation which are currently in an company. This approach is effectively gives directions
to the employees in a various situations regarding their functions performance. It gives
opportunity to management to both companies regarding handling a various situation and gives
employee support. This approaches have various theories which are apply by leaders in various
situations. It will enhance organisation ability regarding tasks achievements and profitability
increases.
Transactional leadership: This approach of leadership gives shape to the functions of
various company for accomplishing targets in a effective manner. Providence includes of
compensation and rewards to perfect employees of a organisation (Saha and et. al., 2013). It
contributes in motivating to another workers for hard working and give management rewards. It
also give opportunity regarding employee for higher authorities handling and professional career
development.
Transformational leadership: It is a main approach of leadership used by a
management of both organisation regarding the changes identification process and gives
direction to their workers for problems solving effectively. This approach of leadership is
motivated highly to workers for changes acceptance in company. It help in removing barriers and
improvement in taking decisions by leaders. This theory contribute building, improving existing
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performance and motivating to employees. Changes are identified by leaders who perform their
work with subordinates and understand feedbacks and views.
CONCLUSION
In this given report that is concluded that change is a very important factor for both
companies Costa Coffee and Starbucks. That give information related to failure and success of
business activities. The management of the companies have identify change needs and
accordingly apply strategies and plan for up grading organisation. Internal and external two
derive factor are create impact on change. Change have two types of impact negative impact and
positive impact, that is the management responsibility to minimise negative change impact on an
organisation. Costa Coffee and Starbucks both are make strategies for overcome change barriers
through focus on employee’s, environment and government factors.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Bin Taher, N.A., Krotov, V. and Silva, L., 2015. A framework for leading change in the UAE
public sector. International Journal of Organizational Analysis. 23(3). pp.348-363.
Brazer, S.D. and Bauer, S.C., 2011. Leading Change to Improve Student Achievement: Novice
Leaders Take the Reins. Scholar-Practitioner Quarterly. 5(2). pp.168-187.
Brisson-Banks, C.V., 2010. Managing change and transitions: a comparison of different models
and their commonalities. Library Management. 31(4/5). pp.241-252.
Brundrett, M. and Duncan, D., 2011. Leading curriculum innovation in primary schools.
Management in Education. 25(3). pp.119-124.
Coronel, J.M., Moreno, E. and Carrasco, M.J., 2010. Beyond obstacles and problems: women
principals in Spain leading change in their schools. International journal of leadership
in education. 13(2). pp.141-162.
Ellenbogen, R.G., Berger, M.S. and Batjer, H.H., 2010. The National Football League and
concussion: leading a culture change in contact sports. World neurosurgery. 74(6).
pp.560-565.
Hall, J., 2010. Book Review: John E. Roueche, M. Melissa Richardson, Phillip W. Neal, and
Suanne D. Roueche The Creative Community College: Leading Change Through
Innovation. Washington, DC: Community College Press, 2008. 271 pp. Community
College Review. 37(3). pp.285-287.
Harris, A., 2012. Leading system-wide improvement. International journal of leadership in
education. 15(3). pp.395-401.
Mayfield, P., 2014. Engaging with stakeholders is critical when leading change. Industrial and
Commercial Training. 46(2). pp.68-72.
Saha, A. and et. al., 2013. Near-Unity Quantum Yield in Semiconducting Nanostructures:
Structural Understanding Leading to Energy Efficient Applications. The Journal of
Physical Chemistry Letters. 4(20). pp.3544-3549.
Tang, S., Lu, J. and Hallinger, P., 2014. Leading school change in China: a review of related
literature and preliminary investigation. International Journal of Educational
Management. 28(6). pp.655-675.
Wilkinson, J. and et. al., 2013. Understanding leading as travelling practices. School Leadership
& Management. 33(3). pp.224-239.
Online
Different type of leadership styles, 2017. [Online] availavle
through<https://www.pinterest.com/pin/486670303463675723/>
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