Leadership and Management Theories

This assignment delves into the concepts of leadership and management, examining their distinct roles and theoretical frameworks. Students are tasked with comparing and contrasting various leadership and management theories, such as transformational leadership, servant leadership, and contingency theory. The assignment encourages critical analysis of these theories and their practical implications in different organizational settings.

WORKING WITH AND
LEADING PEOPLE

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK1.............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Prepare documentation to recruit as well as select a new employee................................1
1.2 Impact of legal, regulatory and ethical consideration in recruiting and selecting process2
1.3 Taking part in selection process.......................................................................................3
1.4 Contribution to the selection process...............................................................................3
TASK2.............................................................................................................................................4
2.1 Skills and attributes needed for Leadership......................................................................4
2.2 Difference between leadership and management.............................................................5
2.3 Leadership styles for different situation...........................................................................5
2.4 Ways to encourage employees to attain goals..................................................................6
TASK3.............................................................................................................................................6
3.1 Advantages of team working for the company.................................................................6
3.2 Working in a team as a leader and employees towards particular targets........................7
3.3 Effectiveness of the team working in team .....................................................................7
TASK4.............................................................................................................................................8
4.1 Determinants Explain the factor involved in planning, monitoring and evaluating the work
performance............................................................................................................................8
4.2 Plan and deliver the assessment of the development requirements of individual ...........8
4.3 Determine the success of the assessment process............................................................9
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10
.......................................................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Leading a group is a very important function about the organization. To set goals of the
company, it is necessary to accommodate and build the factors of performance.
Asda Stores Ltd. is a supermarket retailing company of United Kingdom, its headquarter
is in Leeds, West Yorkshire. It expanded in south of the country and take on many supermarkets
and many other businesses. It is the third largest supermarket chain in Britain by its market share
after Tesco and Sainsbury company and it even has the potential to grow its market share. They
deal in many products such as grocery, general trade goods and financial services. The
company's slogan is “Save Money. Live Better”.
The company's strategy is to segment the market according to the customers on the basis
of age, income, demographics and locations. It focuses on those people who have low income.
In this report, the discussion is about the ability to utilise recruitment, selection as well as
retention process. To understand the leadership styles and its impact also to know the
effectiveness of the team in attaining the targets. Moreover, the factors that are included in
planning the supervision and appraisal of work performance.
TASK1
1.1 Prepare documentation to recruit as well as select a new employee
Asda uses workforce planning method to forecast the demand for new workers. This
involves the job description, refers to the report, who is accountable for the job and to whom.
Specification of the candidate needs to have certain skills and attributes to perform a particular
job. They assist the Asda to recruit right person to a position. Recruitment is the systematic
process which begins when a company receives an application for required vacancy. As per the
selection process , it can be either internal or external. Internal recruitment is beneficial as they
understand and know all the information regarding job and business and due to this, they require
less training period. On the other hand, external recruitment aids in rendering the opportunities to
bring new and innovative ideas and experiences to the firm. It requires lots of training to the new
employee, this is very expensive aspect of recruiting. Selection involves the steps in choosing the
appropriate candidate for the required post.
Job Analysis:
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CEO is the top most position after the proprietor and is accountable for all the functions taking
place in Asda. thisstrategy as well as ideas that intent covering the losses created by the
organisation.
Person Specification
Duties:
 He has the responsibility to communicate with all the staff of the firm and to make the
managers know about their duties and obligations.
 They need to offer the resources, they have job, evaluating the situation and ensure that
their entity should not have any deficiency in the resources.
 Decisions should be realistic and should be based on the facts.
 Salary: £130000 will be basic salary with other benefits excluded.
 Skills: Leadership attribute with sound communication skills and should be target
oriented.
 Working Hours: They have to attend the office for 9 hours and it can vary according to
the work-load.
 Expectations: He should know the difficulty, Asda is facing and firm has a full believe
that all the activity who will be recruited will take definite steps to get over from
trouble.
 Work Experience: In the past year, he should have hold the CEO position and also
experience of more than 20-25 years.
1.2 Impact of legal, regulatory and ethical consideration in recruiting and selecting process
While recruiting new employee, it is very essential to know about legal and ethical issues
to reduce the risks involved. Certain things that need to be avoided by asking unethical questions
and to meet the legality, many things are required to be done very cautiously like interview
questions as well as analysing references (Peterson, 2011).
According to the Equality Act 2010, duty of the recruiter is to give employment by not
considering one's age, religion, nationality, gender, religion, race, sexual orientation pregnancy
and maternity. The employer need to ensure that any information regarding applicant should be
kept confidential. It also had presented advance measures that has direct impact to the selection
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process. They should give appropriate time for the applicant to respond the job offers. If
the business entity is involved in any unethical conduct, they can sue and be sued and even at
times go to solvency. In the future, if any bankruptcy the firm incriminates to the employee.
1.3 Taking part in selection process
After advertisement process it is important to have the , HR department of Asda, I being
the HR assistant would take part in a selection procedure. The role of human resource
management in selection process are as follows:
Selecting and recruitment : It will follow appropriate selection process to make a proper
recruitment procedure while selecting the staff member. Following are the steps:
Short Listing: The recruitment and selection panel shortlists all the potential candidates by
applying the several types of methods (Tourish, 2011). Some of them are IQ test, examining
multiple choice questions and also with the written exam.
Interviews: After short-listing the applicants have to take the interviews. In the interview
process, candidates are being asked questions which are related to them as well as all the
necessary information that are required by the company.
Appointment: This is the last part in the recruitment and the selection process. In this the
applicant that are been selected after the interview process are been appointed, on the post
according to their knowledge and skills required in the organization. It is last stage of the
selection of the candidates for the organization required candidates for the post in the
organization.
1.4 Contribution to the selection process
In the company, requirement and selection given important role. Company places ads in
the magazines as well as in newspaper so that candidates can contact from there side and waits
for any query regarding the job profile. ,i. Recruitment is very complicated process. Being a HR
assistant, I want every staff to be productive in the work surroundings and also maintain high
work standard. It is very essential to be closely connected to the other departments such as
finance, IT and marketing to achieve the objectives of the company. I am accountable to ensure
success in the recruitment as well as in selection process. For instance, while offering
advertisements, it is important to make sure the job description, resumes and also the
specifications are correctly specified. I shall also have to keep a proper system for replying to the
candidate within a time frame.
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TASK2
2.1 Skills and attributes needed for Leadership
For the success in the business, it is important to possess several qualities and attributes.
Following are some skills of a leader:
 Passion – They are very passionate about their work. Contributing this will fill the zeal in
the employees of Asda company and also motivate them to be more productive.
Complimenting and praising them when they do good work, this will boost their morals
as well.
 Communication – Effectively communicating in an organisation, is very important
aspect. The leader knows how to communicate with the members of the company. With
the clear and regular flow of information, changes or updates are informed to all the team
members to make aware of the status.
 Team building – Motivating the workers of the company to work together for higher
productivity, instead competing themselves. Solving problems within a group, this will
aid in completing the work on time without any conflicts.
 Commitment – A good leader is the one who knows that without the assistance of the
workers, company's success is not possible. They should give proper training to the
employers and allows them to make decisions regarding projects. Leader should make
sure that they should be treated equally.
 Decisiveness – Leaders should be good in decision making princess. They should be
right, fast and rational. Knowing the nature of the work, staff members handles, financial
restrictions etc.
2.2 Difference between leadership and management
Leadership is the capability to effect, encourage and motivate others to work towards the
success of the company. They are people oriented. Leaders emphasises more on leading group
or people. They just look into the problems or difficult situation and creates solutions. Also, they
encourage people to focus on solving the problems like them. Following are the leadership
styles: Participative, Authoritative and Laissez-faire. These have followers (What is the
Difference Between Management and Leadership).
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Whereas, management is the process that includes directing, administering and
controlling the group of people with an intention of coordinating them to attain the target. They
are task-oriented (Antony, 2011). Managers concentrating more on managing work. They create
strategies and plans to develop ideas to function the activities properly, also reduces risks and
increases success of the company. Following are the management styles: Democratic, Autocratic,
Transactional, Dictatorial and Consultative. These have subordinates.
2.3 Leadership styles for different situation
 Participative – In this style of leadership, all the parties are involved in making
the decisions within the company. This is utilised when the leader knows about
objective of the company wants to achieve and also to review several options
regarding the process. In this, subordinates are involved by the leader in carrying
out the short and long-term goals. This style is advantageous to both of them and
makes sure they work in team which gives better performance. In other words in
this leadership style there is two way communication between the employee's and
management in the organization.
 Authoritative – In this style, the leader has the full control over his subordinates
with respect to their responsibilities. This style is not well known or famous with
the subordinates and this is effective only when the leader has full information
regarding subjects. This style is one-way communication style and the main
power is in one hand who is the leader of the organizational structure.
 Laissez-faire – Leaders provides lot of independence in how the employee will
work and how they'll set their time limits. They support to their respective
workers with all the resources and give suggestions when required. This
leadership style leads to the high level of job satisfaction. In this leadership style
leaders provide the freedom to the followers for working according to the their
own self.
2.4 Ways to encourage employees to attain goals
Targets provide the workers an outline to stand out in the company but often they require
help in achieving those objectives. There are several ways to motivate the employees for the
attainment of goals first is to write the objectives at the beginning and define the time limit for
completing them. Secondly, meet the workers separately on regular basis and give advice and
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support if there is any problem regarding work. Third way is to set the objectives individually
and the company as a whole by presenting the efforts. Next form is to use identification system
to recognise the worker who attain the target and also announces the success. Another style is to
motivate creativity and innovativeness in staff members to assist them in attaining goals (Nkomo
and Kriek, 2011). Now, put together the workers who have same targets. Lastly, give the
techniques for employees that contain software and also the training for the same.
TASK3
3.1 Advantages of team working for the company
Team work is the best form to develop the firm’s surroundings and creates active, strong
relationship between the workers. With the help of this, company can maximize its productivity
which in turn enhances the profitability. There are several advantages of team working in the
Asda which are as follows-
With the assessment of team working, company can enhance their working environment and
maximize productivity (O'Sullivan and McKimm., 2015). It can inspire workers to bring
coordination at workplace so that they can frame strong as well as flourishing relationship with
each other. In a firm, if there appears a technical issues then several attributes and skilled staff
members shares their attempts to solve it. Team working aids in determining the technical
problems at workplace. It creates the worker's accomplishment as they can share their conflicts
with each other. This approach motivates to be in a good relationship through these workers and
their seniors have strong bond of relation.
3.2 Working in a team as a leader and employees towards particular targets
As a leader in Asda company, can follow several phases as well as strategies to solve the
team struggle. Following are the stages that can be accepted in a certain time period in a team
disputes state:
Determine and comprehend the account of conflicts- Leader of the mentioned company,
should know the reason of struggle along with this method. In this, who is involved in disputes.
he/she insist both the bodies who indulges in dispute situation as well as to evaluate the actual
intention behind problems at workplace.
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Identify the proper result- After understanding the logic behind these situations, in next
phase leader refer the cause as well as options of adequate and exact result that can aids.
Agreements between the parties- Subsequently, examine the proper solution of the
employee problem and motivate to them for working. evaluate proper solution to a problem as
well as secondary, leader ask for both the parties for contract along with that take one of the
choices.
3.3 Effectiveness of working in team
In the cited company, team working capabilities can maximise and enhance by several
adequate strategies. Some of them are as follows:
Participation in decision making process- One of the best forms to boosts the effectiveness of
team working is helps in decision making (Stuart, 2012). In the company, when employees are
invited by the leader for engagement in enterprise decision making process then workers will be
encouraged as well as they low working price.
Allows for open communication- Manager should create these kinds of strategies under which
every staff members are not restricted to cover their individual problems and communicates with
the management. Through this, firm can able to know workers, problems related to them and
ways to solve them.
Manage team undertakings- In this strategy, the best means to improve team potential is under
which firm should create team functions. Due to these activities, every member of the company
can be able to get over their workload hindrances.
TASK4
4.1 Explain the factor involved in planning, monitoring and evaluating the work performance
It is important to supervise along with this, ensure the performance of the staff member.
Performance appraisal program should be conducted through these workers are encouraged and
works more effectively and efficiently. Some of the advantages of auditing the performance of
the staff are as follows:
By administering the performance appraisal plan, we'll get to realize that think the short
and long term goals of each member of the company along with these duties to be assigned each
one of them at the beginning (Lyubomirsky and Layous, 2013). Along with the employers,
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managers should develop plan for the next phase and accordingly should give the responsibilities
to the emoployee them.
Monitoring the performance of the members, it can be evaluated that who will do and deliver
best results. Those who are not giving optimum output, appropriate training should be given to
them for the polishing their skills more. Regular monitoring leads to the encouragement of the
staff.
One of the tools to evaluating work performance is -
360 Degree Feedback – This method is used to measure productivity of the employee by
utilizing the feedback along with the comments of colleague. This is only useful when the
workers interact or communicates with each other. This works better in those firms who are not
very big size.
4.2 Plan and deliver the assessment of the development requirements of individual
In Asda, manager creates a plan that should be systematic and provides evaluation of
development needs of the members. These are reflected in the following stages:
 Planning- Manager need to evaluate the worker's performance (Hodges, 2016). he/she
develops the organized plan which includes different needs of the staff in relation to their
working environment. This stage aids in making the plan for betterment of the
employees' performance in organization.
 Analyse – Under this stage development of members assessment plan, manager should
note strengths as well as weaknesses at the workplace (Qiang, 2011). Managers also are
responsible if they lack in any area and will administer the training program them for
motivate to improving the productivity of the employees.
 Training and development – In this stage, managers organises training and development
sessions according to the needs of the employees. Due to this, efficiency and productivity
increases in the organization
4.3 Determine the success of the assessment process
To evaluate success in the assessment process is performance appraisal which means to
analyse performance of the worker, allotted roles as well as responsibilities.
In this assessment the first stage is the interview, this process is taken by the firm to
manage the personal conduct review (Direction, 2011). This involves the employees as well as
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manager working collectively and interacting the process. The interview involves 2 things that is
360-degree evaluation and the other one is management by objectives. In the 360-degree review,
making the use of the feedbacks from every worker from all the levels. This is mainly used for
performance evaluation and accordingly improve the same. On the other hand, MBO is a process
which defines the common goal of both superior and subordinate managers. It involves
evaluating whether the goals are achieved or not (Boone, 2015).
CONCLUSION
From the above report, it has been concluded that Asda company prepares documentation
while recruiting and selecting a new employee. Assessing the effect of legal, regulatory as well
as ethical considerations in both recruiting and selecting process to identify the regions were
improvements are required. Advantages of team working, increases the efficiency that enhances
the profitability of the company. Effectiveness of team can be enhanced by executing various
strategies. Evaluating work performance can be done by 360 Degree Feedback. The manager
develops a systematic plan and provides the assessment of developmental needs of the members
by various strategies that is Planning, Analyse and Improve.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Mendenhall, M.E., 2012. Global leadership: Research, practice, and development. Routledge.
Terkel, S., 2011. Working: People talk about what they do all day and how they feel about what
they do. The New Press.
Bush, T. and Middle wood, D., 2013. Leading and managing people in education. Sage.
Lev, A.I., 2013. Transgender emergence: Therapeutic guidelines for working with gender-
variant people and their families. Routledge.
Peterson, B., 2011. Cultural intelligence: A guide to working with people from other cultures.
Nicholas Brealey Publishing.
Tourish, D., 2011. Leading questions: Journal rankings, academic freedom and performativity:
What is, or should be, the future of Leadership? Leadership. 7(3). pp.367-381.
Antony, J., 2011. Six Sigma vs Lean: Some perspectives from leading academics and
practitioners. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management.
60(2). pp.185-190.
Nkomo, S.M. and Kriek, D., 2011. Leading organizational change in the ‘New ‘South Africa.
Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology. 84(3). pp.453-470.
O'Sullivan, H., Moneypenny, M.J. and McKimm, J., 2015. Leading and working in teams.
British Journal of Hospital Medicine. 76(5). pp.264-269.
Stuart, K., 2012. Leading multi-professional teams in the children’s workforce: an action
research project. International journal of integrated care, 12.
Lyubomirsky, S. and Layous, K., 2013. How do simple positive activities increase well-being?
Current Directions in Psychological Science. 22(1). pp.57-62.
Hodges, J., 2016. Managing and Leading People Through Organizational Change: The theory
and practice of sustaining change through people. Kogan Page Publishers.
Qiang, W.A.N.G., 2011. Challenge of Leading Public Opinions and Countermeasures in the
New Situation [J]. Journal of Shanxi Datong University (Social Science Edition), 3.
Direction, S., 2011. Sustainable leadership: leading business, industry and local government
towards a sustainable future. Strategic Direction, 27(2).
Boone, J., 2015. Leading learning organizations through transformational change: making the
case for blended learning. International Journal of Educational Management. 29(3).
pp.275-283.
Online
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What is the Difference Between Management and Leadership?.[Online]. Available through:
<http://guides.wsj.com/management/developing-a-leadership-style/what-is-the-
difference-between-management-and-leadership/>. [Accessed on 14th June, 2017].
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